ABRASION: Wear on the paint film, caused by an external rub.

ABRASIVE: A substan
ce used to wear or polish a surface by friction. Examples of abrasives are: sand
paper, sand, grit and rubbing compound. FINISH: Hand end of a paint system. Text
ure, color, softness and other properties that influence the appearance of a sur
face. OIL: mineral substance, vegetable or synthetic, usually oily, combustible,
viscous, liquid or liquefiable at room temperature, soluble in various organic
solvents, insoluble in water, used in the formulation of paints and coatings. Th
e most common names in this field are: linseed, tung, castor (castor beans), soy
beans, oiticica, coconut, fish, palm and sunflower. ACETONE: propanone, dimetilc
etona, Cetona typical low boiling point: 57.5 ° C, spark point (closed cup): 15
° C. CONDITIONER: Material used in her treatment or adaptation of a surface to b
e painted. Hydrochloric acid: mono-basic acid. It is used for the neutralization
of concrete surfaces .- asbestos cement. Commercially known as muriatic acid. A
crylic resins,: material resulting from the polymerization of acrylic acid deriv
atives (CH 2 = CHCOOH), characterized by transparency and resistance to fading.
This type of resin used in the formulation of lacquers, baking enamels, paints,
water dilutable, etc. Achromatic: devoid of color or tone. White, black and gray
are achromatic. Weight loss: volatile liquid is used to reduce the viscosity or
consistency of painting can consist of a single solvent or diluent or a mixture
of both. Equivalent to the translation of the term "thinner" in English.
ADDITIVE: A substance that is included in small amounts in paint formulations to
improve certain properties. The most current with dispersants, thickeners, drie
rs, antidecantantes, stabilizers, plasticizers, antifoam, bactericides, antiflot
antes. GRIP: Ownership of the painting to remain united to the surface. Adherenc
e is the result of mechanical forces and electrochemical AEROSOL: Suspension of
solid particles or liquid in air or other gas. The spray paint sprayed by the ac
tion of a liquefied gas and compressed. Turpentine: Heading for a solvent derive
d from certain trees and previously widely used in paints and varnishes. It has
now been replaced by the varsol. Turpentine. AIRLESS: In English, no air. Method
of spray paint without air jet. The spray paint is caused by instantaneous deco
mpression to pass through the small hole on the gun. This method of application
is also known as hydraulic spraying. (See, SPRAY AND GUN) Alkali: A substance th
at neutralizes acid. Also called base. ALUMINUM, PAINT: coating comprising a mix
ture of aluminum metal powder or paste dispersed in an appropriate vehicle. ALCO
HOL: chemical compound that has the general formula R-0H, where R represents an
alkyl group. Sometimes used to describe the ethyl alcohol or ethanol. Aliphatic:
Organic compounds formed by open chains of carbon atoms. Aliphatic solvents are
composed mainly of paraffinic hydrocarbons and cycloparaffinic. The content of
aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such ranges between 1% and 30%. ALOCROM: Chemical
treatment, electroless, used to improve corrosion resistance and paint adhesion
on aluminum and its alloys.
Alodine: Process of non-metal pretreatment
ferrous which uses a mixture of chromic acid, phosphoric and hydrofluoric. Alkyd
RESIN: Material which results from the condensation of a polyhydric alcohol (gl
ycerin) and polybasic acids (phthalic anhydride), which is used as a binder in m
aking enamels and varnishes, baking or air drying, modified oils and nitrogenous
resins. TAR: brown or black bituminous material, liquid or semi-solid, obtained
by destructive distillation of coal, oil, wood and other organic materials. HIG
H SOLID: Feature of certain products containing a high percentage of solid compo
nents that apply very thick layers produced by hand. Blister: Survey of a painti
ng in the form of blisters or burbujas.AMBIENTE: A group of chemical, mechanical
and thermal stresses that form the environment to which the paint is exposed. C
ORROSION: Painting formulated with corrosion inhibiting pigments and an appropri
ate vehicle that used as the basis of a paint system, protects iron, steel and o
ther metals, the effects of corrosion.€ANCHOR: The property of a surface, due to
surface profile, which improves the adhesion of the coating. Antifouling painti
ng made with poisonous ingredients such as copper or copper oxide, which is used
 especially in the hull bottom (underwater) to avoid fouling and growth of micro
organisms on the surface). APPEARANCE: manifestation of the nature of a painting
through visual attributes such as color, texture, brightness, transparency, opa
city, etc. APPLICATION: The process by which a coating is transferred to the sur
face. The main methods of application are made with brush or roller, spray gun,
dipping, curtain and screen. Aromatic organic compound containing an unsaturated
ring of carbon atoms. The aromatic solvents are composed mainly of aromatic hyd
rocarbons, those containing less than 80% of aromatics that are called aromatic
solvents
Partial.
VARNISH: Composition liquid becomes a transparent solid film after applied in th
in layers. BENZENE: aromatic hydrocarbon with a high power dilution for many mat
erials. Its use as a solvent in paints is very limited because its vapors are to
xic and their high flammability. Benzene: see BITUMINOUS BENZENE BENZENE: coatin
g materials manufactured bitumonosos such as tar, asphalt, pitch and gilsonite.
Especially useful for protecting surfaces submerged in water or moist soil. LAUN
DERING or blurred: Stains caused by moisture condensation during the period of p
ainting. Whitening: Restore the natural color of wood stains or discolored or ma
ke it clearer by bleaching agents (acid, caustic soda, hydrogen peroxide). Blist
ering: see AMPOLLA bonderizing: Pre-treatment for iron and steel is done with ch
emical solutions of phosphates and phosphoric acid which produces a thin inert l
ayer, adhesion and corrosion inhibitor is an excellent base for paint applicatio
n. BRIGHT: Sensation perceives humans by observing the light reflected from a su
rface. TANNING: Viso atornasolado a metallic appearance in a movie matte paintin
g, which in turn has chalk. BUBBLE: temporary or permanent defect of a painting
consisting of air bubbles or solvent vapor, in film.
Brushability: Ease or skill with which you can apply a paint brush which transla
tes into a good working efficiency of application and in obtaining a finish with
out brush marks.
CAL: Material obtained by calcination of rocks with high content of calcium and
magnesium carbonates. Lime is called the one that contains no water, as obtained
in kilns and slaked lime (hydrated or choking) that contains water in varying p
roportions. CALAFATE: Seal the seams of the hull, usually with pitch or thermopl
astic. CALAMINE: the oxide layer is formed on the surface of metal, especially i
ron and steel during hot treatments for manufacturing. This corrugated metal is
not a suitable surface for painting because it may have cracks and lifting, invi
sible in appearance. Cale. (See chalk) CHANGE OF COLOR: A defect that is caused
by a modification of the original color of the paint, due to an attack by the at
mosphere or the surface. KAOLIN: very pure white clay that is used as an inert p
igment in paints and as a component in the preparation of the stucco. CAPA: A fi
lm of paint or coating obtained with one or more applications. We distinguish th
e layers of primer or bottom, middle and finish. Orange Peel: Feature of certain
spray applications, in which the paint particles are unable to flow properly du
ring drying, to produce a finish with poor grading, resembling the appearance of
an orange peel. CATALYST: A substance that accelerates or retards a chemical re
action without undergoing any change itself. MIDDLE LAYER: Paint is applied betw
een the base
applied to the surface and paint finish. Serves to reinforce the isolation of th
e base from direct contact with the environment, making it more effective and la
sting protection. CATALYST: A substance that accelerates or retards a chemical r
eaction without undergoing any change itself. KETONES: oxygenated hydrocarbons,
high volatility, widely used as thinners and solvents, paints and coatings. EGG
SHELL: A term used to describe the appearance of a finish between matte and semi
-matte texture similar to egg shell (See SHINE) CASEIN: Solid non-crystalline de
rivative of milk,€used as a binder in some paints dilutable with water. Cathode
PROTECTION: A system of corrosion protection, which operates by a flow of curren
t to the protected metal, connecting the negative pole of a power source. This s
ource of protective current can be obtained by connection to a sacrificial anode
(zinc, magnesium, aluminum,) or a generator or battery (impressed current imple
mentation). The paintings are rich in zinc act as sacrificial anodes. Chlorinate
d rubber: solid resin formed by the reaction of rubber with chlorine, particular
ly resistant to water and some chemicals for which is used in the formulation of
paints for industrial and marine protection. Caustic: A substance that burns an
d attacks the tissues. A flow of current to the protected metal, connecting the
negative pole of a power source. This source of protective current can be obtain
ed by connection to a sacrificial anode (zinc, magnesium, aluminum) or a generat
or or battery (impressed current implementation). The paintings are rich in zinc
act as sacrificial anodes. CEMENT: Material or mixture of materials (without ad
ditions) with adhesive strength is obtained by calcination of limestone and clay
. Concrete is a mixture of cement, an aggregate (eg sand) and water. CERA: Subst
ance viscous, sticky or solid consisting essentially of high molecular weight hy
drocarbons or esters of fatty acids, are known
animal waxes (bees) vegetable (carnauba), mineral (paraffin wax) and synthetic (
polyethylene wax): KETONES: oxygenated hydrocarbons, high volatility, widely use
d as thinners and solvents, paints and coatings. CLIMATOMETRO: Apparatus used to
measure the resistance of paints simulated weather conditions through controlle
d cycles of ultraviolet radiation, light, water and heat. Coalescence: Action to
collect solid particles of a paint vehicle, as the solvent evaporates, producin
g a continuous film. This term is mainly applied to the paintings of emulsion (w
ater-thinning). COLOR: One aspect of the appearance of an object. Sensation expe
rienced by the observer to perceive light diffusely reflected by the observed ob
ject. The color is defined by three characteristics: hue, intensity and purity.
DYE: A substance used to color other. ROSIN: natural resin obtained from certain
coniferous pine mainly, after removing the volatile components. Colorimeter: In
struments used to measure the sensation of color emitted by a specimen. COMPATIB
ILITY: Property which favors the mixing of different paints and solvents without
reacting or separated in a manner detrimental. CONDENSATION: The phenomenon whe
reby a substance, when cooled, it passes from vapor to liquid. The condensation
of water on surfaces to be painted is the cause of many problems and freshly app
lied lacquer called bleaching because the defect or dizziness. These problems ar
e common in cold and wet. CONSISTENCY: Property of a material related to their d
egree of fluency. Consistently paints formulated for high thickness (high-build)
it possible to obtain thicker layers in each application. Mechanisms (see visco
sity): COPAL: natural resin exuding from living and fossil plants. The most impo
rtant are Kauri and Amber. COPA polishing paste. CORROSION: Destruction of a mat
erial by reaction
chemical or electrochemical environment with which it is exposed. Although the m
aterial can corrode, the term is usually applied to metals. CORRUGATED: bakeable
usually finish, which has wrinkles more or less uniform size. CORTINA: Method o
f application. Used especially for flat wood coating industrial processes in whi
ch parts are passed through a liquid curtain or wall formed by the product to be
applied. It also tells of how it looks freshly applied paint to drip. Cracking:
In English, quartering. Crackle: See quartering. Zinc chromate: yellow pigment
used in the manufacture of corrosion bases. Crazing: Defect of paints, varnishes
and lacquers, in which surface cracks or fissures form (checking) or deep (crac
king). COVERAGE: See POWER OF COVERAGE CURING: The process by which a paint or c
oating hardens and acquires its final strength properties.
Chalking: In English, chalk. CHECKING: In English, cracking. See quartering. Bla
st: A defect that is caused by landslides in the recent film applied on vertical
surfaces and is manifested by the presence of areas with increased thickness an
d forms a curtain.€WATER SPRAY: Method of cleaning works by the action of water
under high pressure. It is used at a disadvantage, replacing sandblasting when i
t is harmful to the surface. Sandblasting: surface cleaning method that uses a j
et of abrasive (sand, crushed stone) driven by high pressure air.
DECANTING: Separation of two or more materials of different densities. Sedimenta
tion in the packaging of the pigments of a painting. DECAP: Treatment of ferrous
surfaces that will be painted and which removes the oxide and calamine. Shellin
g: A defect that occurs in a paint or coating adhesion loss, peeling the film in
slabs or flakes. DEGREASER: Detergent with a special activity on fats and oils.
DETERGENT: Substance surfactant that removes the dirt. Used in baths to remove
dirt, grease and oils, particularly in industrial processes. DILUTION: Action to
add a thinner to adjust the flow conditions of a paint or coating. SOLVENT: Liq
uid, usually volatile, which dissolves the components of the binder or film form
er, making it possible to obtain desired properties for the application and dryi
ng. DIELECTRIC; Varnish: Varnish with high isolation power is used to coat elect
rical components such as drivers and coils. DILUTION: Action to add a thinner to
adjust the flow conditions of a paint or coating. THINNER: volatile liquid, whi
le not a solvent, can be added alone or with a true solvent to adjust flow prope
rties to a paint and / or
to reduce raw material costs. SOLVENT: Liquid, usually volatile, which dissolves
the components of the binder or film former, making it possible to obtain desir
ed properties for the application and drying. DISPERSION: A generic term used to
describe the status or condition of a solid into a liquid. In the case of the p
aintings a good dispersion means that the pigments are finely divided and suspen
ded in the liquid vehicle. DOPE: Material cellulosic TIIP lacquer, which is main
ly used as an adhesive and to give the fabric temple in airplanes. DUCO: popular
term that indicates the spray application, especially for paint pyroxylin. DURA
BILITY: The ability of a material to resist environmentally destructive attacks
to which it is exposed. The durability depends on factors such as the applicatio
n, the thickness of coating applied, the severity of the environment and the spe
cific resistance of the coating. HARDNESS: Property of a material that makes it
resistant to being cut, scratched or penetrated by a hard object. In the field o
f paints is common to measure this property by the resistance of the material to
be scratched with pencils of different hardnesses. In turquoise pencils goodnes
s scale drives, is: 3B, 2B, B, HB, F, H, 2H, 3H, 4H.
Efflorescence: exudation of salts, usually white, soluble in water, from labrill
o surfaces, cement and void. Efflorescence causes flaking and general deteriorat
ion of the layers of paint. The paint particles, electrically charged, are plast
ered: Treatment given to walls and ceilings to match the surface. Other related
terms are plaster, stucco. EMULSION PAINTINGS: painting whose vehicle is an emul
sion of the resin or binder in water. The evaporation of water, once applied the
paint, allowing the coalescence of the binder to form the dry film of paint. (S
ee, coalescence and latex). EMULSION: two-phase liquid system in which droplets
of one liquid are suspended and without mixing in the other continuous liquid ph
ase. Hardener: One of the components of the products that cure by reaction of tw
o components. Also called hardener. MASK: Covering an area temporarily with pape
r or masking tape to avoid getting paint on it. Chalk: Defect of a painting by f
ailure of the binder that lets loose the pigment. Intoned: Prepare a mixture of
paint color matching different shades. AGING: color change and / or brightness i
n
time, caused by ultraviolet light and weather. STABILITY: Ability of a product t
o maintain their properties of manufacture to the time of use. Elasticity: The p
roperty of a material to recover its original shape once the force disappears ca
using the deformation. Electrostatic, APPLICATION: System spray paint applicatio
n, using an electrostatic potential between the metal to paint and powdered mate
rial. EPoX RESIN: Synthetic Polymer of varied chemical composition, generally pr
epared with epichlorohydrin and bisphenol€hardening by reaction with an activato
r. Widely used in the formulation of coatings and paints for heavy work. EROSION
: wear a chalk coating, abrasion or degradation. Mill scale: see CALAMINE ENAMEL
: Material pigment that produces a hard film, smooth, shiny or matte finish: The
most common are alkyd and oleoresins (base oil), baking, polyurethanes, epoxies
and chlorinated rubber. EMERY: composite abrasive carborundum grain, block, on
canvas or paper. Spatula: Tools of different shapes and materials used to manual
ly stir paint and putty. Film Thickness: Measure amount of paint, wet or dry, de
posited on a surface. STABILITY: Ability of a product to maintain their properti
es of manufacture to the time of use. ESTER GUM: Rosin esterified with glycerol
or pentaerythritol. ESTER: product of the reaction called esterification, of an
organic acid and an alcohol with elimination of water. Esters are widely used as
solvents and thinners for paints and coatings. The most common are: ethyl-butyl
acetate and butyl acetate metilamil acetan. STUCCO: Mastic prepared with cement
, glue, gypsum, kaolin and other materials to match surfaces
revoked or plastered and that will be painted, thereby improving the finish and
material costs disminuendo.
FORD, COPA: Instrument to measure flow conditions of a painting, especially in s
pray applications. Phenol, RESIN: resin prepared by condensation reaction betwee
n a phenol (aromatic alcohol) and an aldehyde. FLEXIBILITY: The ability of a pai
nting to fit the deformation of the surface without cracking or peeling. FLIP /
FLOP: visual effect of a change of tone metallic or mica paint, when viewed from
the front or side and depending also on the angle of incidence of light. FLOAT:
defect that occurs especially in paints more than one type of pigment, in which
one or more pigments are separated or float during the drying of the paint colo
r producing uneven. The flotation is higher in areas with higher film thickness.
FLUORESCENCE: optical phenomenon that occurs in certain materials and is charac
terized by re-emission of radiant energy. Pigments
fluorescent are useful for energy absorption and light energy conversion. FLOW:
Ownership of a coating to be spread in thin layer and leveled. Viscosity is the
most important factor for flow. BACKGROUND: base paint or primer that is given t
o a surface before applying the finishing hands. The fund or the primer used dep
ends on the type of surface and total system state and apply paint. TRAINER OF F
ILM: material which, when spread on a surface, is capable of becoming a continuo
us film layer or hard and resistant. Paints and coatings in the film former, bin
der or vehicle is composed of solid resins See different characteristics. RESIN)
. Phosphates: Pretreatment of ferrous surfaces with phosphate and phosphoric aci
d, cold or hot, which is to improve the resistance of metal corrosion and improv
e adhesion of the paint system. (See bonderizing). FORGE: Hardening a material,
either by heating or reaction. Cement, plaster, paints and recubnmientos are mat
erials with this property. FUNGICIDE: additive that is added to certain products
to destroy, delay or prevent the growth of fungi and other microorganisms.
GALVANIZED: application of a zinc coating that makes the iron and steel to impro
ve corrosion resistance. This application can be cold, hot and by the use of org
anic and inorganic paints. (See, CATHODE PROTECTION): Gelatinization: conversion
of a liquid to a semi-solid state. This phenomenon occurs in the paintings in t
he decomposition process inside the container or products of high thixotropy dur
ing the storage period. Gilsonite: natural asphalt, similar to coal, which is ex
tracted in the mines of Utah State (USA). It is used in the manufacture of bakin
g enamels, varnishes, insulating dielectrics, stains and waterproofing. It is al
so used, dissolved in varsol to determine the stain resistance or porosity of th
e vinyl or emulsion paints. RUBBER: high molecular weight carbohydrate that is p
roduced naturally by the exudation of certain tropical trees, insoluble in alcoh
ol and other organic solvents but soluble in water. GRAVITY Specs: weight of a g
iven
volume of a substance compared to the weight of an equal volume of water.€Also c
alled "Relative Density." GOUACHE: Method of painting with water colors prepared
 and mixed with glue.
Water repellent: A substance that absorbs and repels water. Contrary to HIGROCOP
ICO. HIGH BUILD: See, CONSISTENCY. Hygroscopic: attracting substance that absorb
s water. Baking: Product hardened by heating the freshly applied wet layer is wi
dely used in industrial processes (automotive), appliances, metal furniture) to
speed up production or for harder finishes. HOLD OUT: (in English, hold) the abi
lity of a surface primer or bottom to prevent the finish from leaking into the p
ores thereby obtaining a smooth finish. MUSHROOMS: multicellular plants that gro
w in or on the surface of a coating, causing discoloration and decomposition of
the paint. They are controlled by adding fungicides to painting. BAKE: Process f
or hardening of baking products can be made in electric furnaces, burner or infr
a-red lamps in continuous or batch processes.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: the degree of an atmosphere desaturation, expressed as the pe
rcentage of the amount of steam that may contain, without this condensation.
I Primer: Product to be applied as a first layer of paint and which meets one or
more of the following functions: to enhance the appearance, performance and adh
erence of the layers of contralateral finish and corrosion protection. (See BACK
GROUND). INHIBITOR: Material used to slow or stop an undesired reaction. SOUNDPR
OOFING: Have something is not sound. IMMERSION: Method of application in which i
t is immersed in a tank piece with paint. INCOMPATIBILITY: anti-COMPATIBILITY. I
NERT: A group of low-index pigment
refraction, which perform functions such as: reduce costs, increase viscosity, r
educe brightness, etc, but do not contribute to the hiding power of paint. (See
pigment. The pigments with a high refractive index are useful because that is mo
re opaque, with greater power of discovery. REFRACTIVE INDEX: A measure of power
from one material to deflect the straight path of light. It is the relationship
speed of light in a vacuum (300,000 km / sec) and in the material. INFRA-RED: i
nvisible portion of the spectrum of radiation with wavelengths longer than red l
ight. (see SPECTRUM) INHIBITOR: Material that used to slow or stop an unwanted r
eaction. are quite common corrosion inhibitors are added to the rinse water in s
urface preparation operations to prevent the attack on the metal when the water
evaporates. IMMERSION: Method of application in which he the piece is immersed i
n a tank with paint. SOUNDPROOFING: Have something is not sound. OUTDOORS: Set o
f environmental conditions on open water, (rain relative humidity, condensation)
, temperature and solar radiation. Not all the paintings are made resistance to
weathering.
J SOAP: metal salt of fatty acids obtained by saponification of fats, oils and w
axes with an organic or inorganic base. The sodium and potassium salts are commo
n soaps, detergents properties; soaps of cobalt, manganese and lead are used as
drying agents.
Kauri K: natural fossil resin from New Zealand.
Kauri-butanol, VALUE: Measure current solvent power of petroleum thinners. Is th
e number of milliliters of thinner is needed to cause turbidity in 20 grams of k
auri solution: butanol (1:5, by weight). KU: Krebs Units abbreviation, a common
measure of viscosity, obtained by the resistance of paint to be agitated by a mi
xer of two pallets.
L LACQUER: Coating, transparent or pigmented, shiny or matte, and basically dry
by evaporation of the solvent. LATEX: Originally the term was used to describe t
he aqueous suspensions of natural rubber has been extensively used for a variety
of emulsions, synthetic rubbers and resins, especially PVA, Acrylic and estiren
obutaieno copolymers. (See EMULSION, leaching PAINTING RATE: English RATA OF ASS
IGNMENT) washability: Ownership of a coating that allows easy removal of dirt, n
o damage or the finish or structure of the layer. The cleaning solvent may be ap
propriate to the resistance of the coating or soaps (water-based paints) and det
ergents. Leafing: the phenomenon whereby certain pigments, especially aluminum,
float and overlap each other forming a laminar structure. LIFT: A phenomenon tha
t occurs by the action of the solvents of a newly applied coating layer applied
over another previously.€It is manifested by a softening and corrugated or adjou
rnment of the bottom layer. LIFTING: See LIFT Binder: non-volatile portion (vehi
cle solid) of the painting that binds the pigments together, and keeps them atta
ched to the material as a whole on which it is applied. (See, TRAINER OF FILM AN
D RESIN). CLEANING: Removing pollutants (oxides, grease, oil, dust, molds, scale
, etc.) by any manual, mechanical, chemical or term (See SURFACE PREPARATION) FL
AME, WITH CLEANING. Removal of paint and corrugated metal, through the flame of
a torch. This cleaning should continue brushing and removal of dust from. LITER:
Measuring International system volume. Volume of one kilogram of water at 40 °
C 1galón U.S. Equivalent to 3.78 liters. OIL LENGTH: Term used to indicate the a
mount or proportion of oil in varnishes oleoresins (with phenolic resins, hydroc
arbon) and alkyd resins. For phenolic resins and
hydrocarbon length equals the gallons of oil per 100 pounds of hard resin, in th
e alkyd is expressed as the percentage by weight of oil in the resin. LUSTRE: Br
ightness, this term is often assigned to the brightness that appears on certain
products mates, and applied to be friction or scratches, which constitutes a def
ect in the coating. M plywood: Plates obtained from wood fibers in heated hydrau
lic presses. Some materials are added to improve certain properties. In English.
HARDBOARD. PUTTY: thick paste made with pigments, especially inert, and a binde
r. It is used to fill irregularities in surfaces to be painted. METAL, FINISHING
: Finishing in color with a certain amount of metal powder, which gives a metall
ic appearance. They are also known as polychrome. MIX: A combination of various
substances present no chemical change between them.
N NATA: Film that forms on the surface of certain paints, liquid coatings, when
exposed to air or when stored in containers diminished. NAFTA: hydrocarbon solve
nt, aliphatic or aromatic petroleum or coal tar. . Nanometer: A unit of length e
qual to one billionth of meter (10 ° meters) or 10 Angstrom units. Previously ca
lled as millimicrons. Abbreviation: nm. Nitrocellulose. Product obtained from ce
llulose treated with nitric and sulfuric acid. Is widely used in the paint indus
try as a binder in such lakes pyroxylin. LEVELING: The ability of a coating to f
low after application, so they disappear defects such as brush marks and orange
peel, resulting in a smooth finish.
O Oleoresin: This term designates the vehicle paints and varnishes based solid i
s made of a resin and an oil secable. Sometimes, though not generally, alkyd veh
icles fall into this category. OCRE: natural or synthetic pigment yellow brown,
consisting mainly of hydrated iron oxides. : FISH-EYE: See Pinhole. OPACITY: A t
erm that describes the degree to which a hidden surface material on which it is
applied, as opposed to transparency is the degree to which a material reveals th
e surface (see POWER OF COVERAGE) OXIDATION: The process by which atoms electron
yield material in a chemical reaction. Oxide formation. The paints and coatings
formulated with secables oils, hardened by the oxidation of oils with oxygen in
the air. IRON OXIDE: natural or synthetic pigment, yellow, brown or red, made
mainly by iron oxides. Red iron oxide is widely used in the formulation of antic
orrosion bases.
SANDPAPER P: Role hard abrasive grain coated with a silica, silicon carbide, alu
minum oxide or another and that is used in cleaning and polishing, the number of
paper indicates the grain size as well: The very thick 16-40 and fine of 360 to
600. Another graduation (grade 0 system) like this: The very fine 10 / 0-6 / 0,
means of 2 / 0 to ½ and the very thick of 2 ½ to 4. STYLING: Review the brush g
ently with paintwork, to match the paint film. FILM: Layer producing paints and
coatings, once applied on the surface.
(See NATA). ROUGHNESS PROFILE: Condition that have prepared surfaces sandblasted
and relates mainly to the height measured from the deepest parts to the highest
peaks, the most common profile heights are between 1.5 and 4 mils.€PERMEABILITY
: Quality of paints and coatings to allow the passage of vapor or liquid, especi
ally when applied to dry film. PIN-HOLE: (In English: hollow needle). Defect of
a movie that is characterized by imperfections in the form of small pores, such
as needle sticks. PICKLING: (In English: marinade, dipping in acid.) Pretreatmen
t of iron and steel to remove rust and mill scale by immersing the parts in an a
cid bath with a suitable inhibitor. This treatment can be done with hydrochloric
acid, sulfuric or phosphoric acid. (See bonderizing) and must be accompanied by
rinsing and drying the paint application. PIGMENT: finely divided particulate m
aterial, natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic, insoluble, once dispersed i
n a liquid vehicle for the manufacture of paints provides essential qualities li
ke color, opacity, consistency and resistance to corrosion, among others. The ma
in categories of pigments are: active (titanium dioxide, toluidine red, blue Pht
halo) or inert fillers (carbonates, barite, talc), anti (red lead, zinc chromate
, zinc metal) and functional (aluminum, copper, lights). PAINT: Mixed or dispers
ion of pigments in a liquid vehicle which contains a binder, designed to be appl
ied in thin layers on a surface which becomes an opaque solid film used to decor
ate, protect, signaling or other functions. (See: lacquer, enamel, emulsion pain
t). TEXTURED PAINTINGS: very thick paint applied after you can work with flat ro
ll for a special effect finish pyroxylin: See NITRO-CELLULOSE GUN: A tool powere
d by compressed air or fluid pressure, which is used for paint application and c
oatings
spraying the material through a small hole. The types of gun used are convention
al air or without air (see AIRLESS) and electrostatics. POWER OF COVERAGE: Abili
ty of a paint to cover a surface on which it is applied as a uniform film. When
expressed numerically is the area covered per unit volume (foot 2/gln, m2 / l) t
o obtain a degree of opacity or coverage given. (See OPACITY AND PERFORMANCE). P
OWER OF DILUTION: A measure of the strength of a solvent to keep a resin or bind
er solution. Solvents that produce lower viscosities generally have the highest
power of dilution. (See Kauri butanol, VALUE). TINTURACIÓN POWER: The ability to
give a coloring substance to another color. Also known as tinturación effort. P
OISE: Unit Centimetre gram second system viscosity (c, g, s). Dimensions: dyn/cm
2. In the field of organic coatings are determined by the type viscometer cone a
nd plate. Polychrome (see METAL, FINISHING) Polymerization: Chemical reaction by
which two or more small molecules (monomers) combine to form larger molecules (
polymer): POLYURETHANE: Polyester resulting from the chemical reaction between a
n isocyanate free hydroxide groups. Porcelain: Apply wet or dry enamel consists
primarily of a glass frit and pigments. The vitreous enamel is baked at temperat
ures between 750 and 1000 ° C. POT-LIFE: (See lifetime).
R Scraper: A tool shaped blade that is used to remove paint, rust and loose part
s of surfaces to be painted.: ROLLER APPLICATION: cylinder covered with mohair (
Angora goat hair), lamb's wool, foam plastic or synthetic fibers (nylon Polyeste
r), which is used for applying paints and varnishes. RATA OF ASSIGNMENT: The spe
ed at which the toxic compounds in anti fouling paint are assigned or solubilize
d in seawater. It is expressed as micrograms per cm2 transferred paint in 24 hou
rs. COATING: Generic term for paints, lacquers, enamels, varnishes, etc.. REMOVE
R: Material composed primarily by strong solvents and waxes, which is used for r
emoving paints and varnishes. DELAY: Solvent slow, low volatility, which should
be mixed with thinners. RETENTION OF COLOR: Ability of a paint to maintain the o
riginal tone of color. COATINGS: Generic term for paints, lacquers, enamels, var
nishes etc. Material liquid or powder that becomes a protective, decorative or f
unctional after applied on a surface in one or more coats to obtain a total dry
film thickness between 20 and 200 microns, usually. REMOVAL: The attack that tak
es place on a coating material especially through active€to remove bad or movies
 that you wish to change to a new system incompatible. The softened film is remo
ved with a scraper. (See ADJOURNMENT) ROLLER APPLICATOR: cylinder covered with m
ohair (Angora goat hair), lamb's wool, foam plastic or synthetic fibers (nylon P
olyester), which is used for applying paints and varnishes. RUBBING COMPOUND: (I
n English: made by flotation). Material mild abrasive that is used especially fo
r gloss paints and polishing to remove stains and scratches.
S Sandblasting: Sandblasting In English HEALTH COATINGS: Transparent or opaque c
oating with special resistance characteristics to protect the inside of tin cans
. BLEEDING: defect manifested by the appearance in a coat of paint, colored mate
rial from a previous layer or the painted surface. This default depends on the t
ype of pigments, vehicles and solvents from distant layers. Saponification: A ch
emical reaction between an alkaline material (sodium or potassium hydroxide for
example) and an organic acid (fats and oils) which results in the formation of a
soap. (See SOAP). A defect that occurs in paints and varnishes formulated with
oils, when applied on wet surfaces and alkali, such as concrete and stucco. SATI
N. Type of finish that has a degree of brightness between semigloss and eggshell
(see, eggshell and BRIGHTNESS) DRYING: The transformation of a layer of coating
liquid to solid, due to evaporation of solvents, chemical or physical reactions
a combination of both. There are different degrees of drying: to touch, handlin
g, sanding, to second hands and put into service the painted surface. DRYING: so
lid or liquid additive that accelerates the drying of paints and coatings. SEALA
NT: Material, usually transparent, which is used to decrease the absorption of p
orous, providing a reduction in costs and a better appearance of the finish. Sed
iment: Subject to having been suspended in a liquid is deposited in the fund by
the most weight. (See DECANTING). Semi-gloss: Area with a degree of brightness b
etween the bright and eggshell. (See BRIGHT). PAINT SYSTEM: A set of compatible
and interrelated, intended to carry out specific functions. SOLID (CONTENT): The
material actually left after the evaporation of the solvent (vehicle and pigmen
t). SOLIDS BY VOLUME: Volume of solid material contained in a given volume of pr
oduct. Usually expressed in percentage. SOLUTION: Liquid that contains a solid o
r liquid or gas in homogeneous phase, the solution should be clear and free of s
ediment. The separation of the components can be done by some physical processes
(evaporation, distillation) or chemicals.: SOLVENT (SEE, SOLVENT) TORCH (See, G
UN). SPAR (in English, MAST) varnish resistant to moisture and weather. The term
results from the use of such coatings, the coating of ship masts. AREA: Outer p
art of a substance. The main characteristics of a surface to be painted are: con
sistency, absence of foreign material and appropriate roughness. SUSPENSION: A m
ixture of liquid and solid powder, insolube in the first. The mixture can be uni
form but it is cloudy and the solid is deposited on the bottom.
T TALC: Magnesium Silicate. White powder used as a spread in paints. Density: 2.
7 to 2.8 g/cm3, particle size from 0.5 to 2.5 um. Session: Amount of product tha
t is manufactured in one operation. Cocha. Primer: Material, transparent or opaq
ue, which is used to seal and / or to color wood, with subsequent application of
sealant, lacquers, varnishes and enamels. TAPASANGRIA: Material used to seal a
layer of paint may present sangreo defect. (See Blood). TEMPERA: Painting made w
ith gum, egg albumin, pigments and water that is used especially to paint murals
. SURFACE TENSION: Ownership of fluids due to molecular forces, trying to keep t
he volume of liquid in a minimum of surface area. Is numerically equal to the wo
rk required to increase the liquid surface in a unit area. Teredo: marine insect
that eats away the wood submerged in salt water. The Teredo attack is controlle
d by anti-fouling paints.
THERMOSTABLE: It is a product which is not altered in its physicochemical proper
ties with temperature changes. Thermoplastics: It's all material that softens wi
th certain temperature and hardens when cooled.€TEXTURE: Print created by physic
al appearance or structure of a surface. THINNER: In English, thinner. INDUCTION
TIME: Start time of drying, during which is basically an increase in the consis
tency of the coating. LIFE TIME: Time during which a material remains usable aft
er adding the catalyst or other ingredients. At high temperatures the lifetime d
ecreases and vice versa. TINTURACION: Action to match the color of one material
to another color that is standard.
ULTRA-VIOLET U: Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between
10 and 400 nanometers. (See INFRA-RED-AND SPECTRUM).
V Varsol: Solvent or thinner in certain paints, varnishes and similar products o
btained by distillation of crude VEHICLE: Part of a painting in liquid which is
dispersed the pgimento, consists of a film-forming (non-volatile vehicle) and th
inning. (Vehicle-volatile). VINYL: water-based paint which is a film-forming res
in of polyvinyl acetate. (See PVA). Quality vinyls are resistant to weathering a
nd are washable. VISCOSITY: Ownership of liquids and gases as evidenced by its r
esistance to flow. (See
Thixotropy)
W WASH-PRIMER: Material in one or two components, formulated into a film former,
pigments and inorganic acids, used to give adhesion to paints applied to metal
too smooth.
WASH-COAT: very thin layer coating that is applied as first-hand to a surface, a
sealant or to facilitate sanding.
X Xylene aromatic hydrocarbons derived by distillation of coal which is used as
a thinner in paints and coatings. Colorless liquid insoluble in water, boiling r
ange: 138 144 ° C.gravedad specified at 25 ° C, 0.86 points spark (closed cup):
28 ° C formula C2H4 (CH3) 2. Xylene: (See Xylene)
AND PLASTER: white mineral composed essentially of hydrated calcium sulfate pigm
ent is used as inert and as filler material for the preparation of walls plaster
ed.
Z ZAHN, COPA instrument similar to the Ford cup, which is used to measure the vi
scosity of paints and coatings, especially in immersion tank applications. ZINC,
DUST: Pigment preparation with finely divided zinc used in the formulation of a
nticorrosion paints of the highest quality, which act as cathodic protection (Se
e CATHODE PROTECTION).