The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula

Daniel Gómez Valle

1. The Paleolithic Prehistory 1.1.1.La 1.1.El Hominization 1.1.2.The 1.3.The Mes
olithic Neolithic Palaeolithic 1.2.El 1.4.La introduction of two metals. The pro
tohistoric settlements 2.1.The Phoenicians and Greeks 2.2.La Iron Age in the Pen
insula: Tartessos, Iberians and Celts
Index
The Palaeolithic
Study Analysis Hominization process of cultural evolution
CHANGES Hominization SPECIES
Changes in the process
Hominization
March bipedal opposable thumb articulated Brain Development Language
species in the process
Hominization
Australopithecus Homo habilis bipedalism Homo ergaster useful manufacturing
/ homo erectus out of Africa Homo antecessor first European hominid Homo nea
nderthalensis homo sapiens religious art
in caves
outdoors
hominization
extended family clans
habitat
nomadic hunter-gatherer economy
specialized size reduction
paleolithic
socioeconomic evolcuión material: stone
weak population growth
material culture
Technical pressure or percussion class
migration
paleolithic
LOWER
800 000 YEARS TO 250.OOO TERRACES GREAT RIVERS OF PEBBLES WORKSHOP Biface
MIDDLE
250 000 35 000 YEARS TO IMPROVEMENT AND EXPERTISE Lithic
SUPERIOR
35 000 YEARS 8000 TO SEE MORE ART COMPLEX MATERIAL
Gran Dolina
Homo neanderthalensis
HOMO SAPIENS
Palaeolithic Cave Art
Where? on the Cantabrian coast and in france so how (technique? fingers or brush
. Binder color, animal fat, more pigments for coloration. Other: use of projecti
ons, tonal degradation.
When? in the Upper Paleolithic (35000-8000)
What? animal figures. some human and hands
Palaeolithic Cave Art
style: naturalistic meaning: MAGIC (magic attraction or procreation) SEXUAL (ani
mal-sex relationship: horse man and woman bison) composition: isolated figures w
ithout compromising scenes juxtaposed
color: polychrome
Palaeolithic Cave Art
painting sculpture
The Mesolithic
between 8000 and 5500 transition phase changes in material culture: power spectr
um microliths: concheros
The Neolithic
shift from predation to production storage and cooking ceramic polishing stone s
edentary
The Neolithic (in the Iberian peninsula)
Chronology: 5500-3000 reached by land or by sea from the original lands of the M
iddle East from the coast to southern Portuguese Catalan
Neolithic transformations
Demographic: Increased population and increased life expectancy Social: emergenc
e of the family, social division of labor economic: private ownership, wealth di
fferentiation by policy: emergence of an authority
Neolithic rock art
Where? Spanish Levante (Lérida, Teruel, Castellón, Valencia, Albacete ...) how (
technical? Same technique as in the Palaeolithic, although the paintings are les
s well preserved today.
When? 6000-1500 (6000-4000 as a period of fundamental)
What? Animalistic, but increased human presence in social scenes (hunting, war,
dance, work ...)
Neolithic rock art
Style: schematic meaning: Historic
color: Monochrome
composition: Scenes and dynamism
Neolithic rock art
painting sculpture
Rock art comparison
Franco-Cantabrian cave art South of France and Spanish Cantabrian Upper Paleolit
hic (35000-10000) FRANCE: Lascaux, Trois Frères Niaux and SPAIN: Altamira, El Ca
stillo and La Pasiega (Cantabria), Tilo and CADAM Bustillo (Asturias) animalisti
c (bison horses), some human figures, hands, fingers or brush. Binder color, ani
mal fat, more pigments for coloration. Other: use of projections, tonal degradat
ion. Polychrome figures juxtaposed NATURALISM isolated without compromising scen
es Inside the caves MAGIC (magic attraction or procreation) SEXUAL (animal-sex r
elationship: horse man and woman bison) CHRONOLOGY SPACE CRITERIA COMPARISON EXA
MPLES TECHNICAL ARTS MAJOR THEME Levantine cave Spanish Levante (Lérida, Teruel,
Castellón, Valencia, Albacete ...) 6000-1500 (6000-4000 as fundamental period)
Cowl (Lérida), Valltorta (Castellón), coat of the Spider (Valencia), coat of Sar
sa (Alicante) ... animalistic, but increased human presence in social scenes (hu
nting, war, dance, work ...) Same techniques, although the paintings are less we
ll preserved today. SCHEMATIC monochrome scenes and dynamic composition in rock
shelters HISTORIC
LOCATION MEANING COLOR COMPOSITION
the introduction of metals
from the third millennium technical advance in the social structure impact disse
mination of first nuclei pre-urban farming and agricultural activities
sociopolitical transformation
social stratification notable differences between peoples (as metal possession o
r not) the war and defensive planning activity
Metal Age
copper
2500-1800 1800-800 megalithic Beaker
bronze
Training and specialization of metalworking
iron
culture from 1,000 ballot boxes from the fields of Indo-European waves through t
he Pyrenees
thousands culture
Argar culture
Indo-European penetration and colonization
Metal Age
copper
2500-1800 1800-800 megalithic Beaker
bronze
Training and specialization of metalworking
iron
culture from 1,000 ballot boxes from the fields of Indo-European waves through t
he Pyrenees
thousands culture
Argar culture
Indo-European penetration and colonization
AGE OF METALS
MEGALITHIC
Type
Menhir Cromlech Dolmen
What is it?
buildings with large stone blocks (megaliths)
interpretation of megalithic
central point of definition of the territory in a society formed by scattered gr
oups collective burials
geography of megalithic
is peninsular culture thousands Talayotic culture of the Balearic Islands so Pen
insular Portuguese megalithic culture with expansion and extremadura huelva
Dolmen Lácara
colonization: causes
great cultural and economic development of the eastern Mediterranean economic in
terest of the peninsula (metals)
MEDITERRANEAN colonization by the Phoenicians
BETWEEN THE AGES X Y VIII A.C.
GET A RAW MATERIAL CHANGE OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED
GADIR
FENICIA
MEDITERRANEAN colonization by the Phoenicians
Are established on islands off the coast in present-day Andalusia. At least four
colonies: Gadir, Malaka, and Sexi Abdera
Settlers THE MEDITERRANEAN: THE GREEKS
BETWEEN THE AGES VIII and VII A.C.
GET A RAW MATERIAL CHANGE OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED
EMPORION
GREEK
Settlers THE MEDITERRANEAN: THE Greeks
In today's Catalan coast. major settlements: Emporion and Rhode His influence sp
read throughout the East Coast and Southeast
importance of colonization
business contacts with more developed cultures deep acculturation tartessos visi
ble and the Iberian countries
TARTESSOS
DEEP INFLUENCE WITH INDIGENOUS CULTURE ECONOMY MINING FENICIA, BASE OF YOUR BUSI
NESS CONTACTS Located in the Lower Guadalquivir
pre-Roman peoples: Celts and Iberians
CEL TAS
ER IB OS
BETWEEN THE AGES VI AND III A.C. MORE MIX Indigenous Peoples and colonize Indo I
NFLUENCES
a s t u re s
I ga the ic
is
ton
t see
i lus
MIX AND INFLUENCE Indo Indigenous Peoples
t an
you
pe n t a c ar
you
cel
t
s ic or
re a n t o o
s
will
ce ro l e s tib
pre-Roman peoples: Celts
sc
v c c e I
on
ta canticles States
is
pre-Roman peoples: Celts
Geography Influences Currency Economy Writing Art Towns Organization sociopoliti
cal
central, western and northern Indo-European nomadic livestock, agriculture, pott
ery, woolen fabrics, iron and rudimentary Low NO Castros family clans tribe
pre-Roman peoples: Iberians THE
Aboriginals MIXING AND INFLUENCE OF MEDITERRANEAN Settlers
ed et
l to sedetanos Ilergets Lacetani
I n
t e
to
I n
t a n o s c o n t a n s I or s or re
us to t b a t s I n or s t ur
pre-Roman peoples: Iberians THE
Geography Influences Currency Economy Writing Art Towns Organization sociopoliti
cal
eastern and southern Mediterranean colonizers rainfed agriculture, livestock, te
xtiles, ceramics, metallurgy and trade YES YES brilliant ladies of Elche and B
aza high walled Towns in monarchies Small