Discharge of stormwater

An exhaust system of stormwater include: - gutters (eaves), where waters converg

e from the slopes of the roof and floor plans of coverage - the rain, vertical c
olumns of discharge, receiving, at the top, the water from gutters or flat slabs
- the exhaust manifolds, which connect the rain at the base, converging towards
the outlet end, which may be a surface watercourse or sewerage in urban white-w
ater or water mixed and never have to enter sewers intended for sewage. To dispo
se of the rainwater, the architectural design of buildings, must have roofs, flo
or plans and roof terraces with slopes intermediate slopes on gutters and downpi
pes. These slopes, never less than 0.5%, should be appropriately increased in ar
eas of high rainfall or snow, to avoid accumulation of snow or overloading subst
rates. Sizing Section rain be attributed to a rain cover that part of a building
is determined by the surface of the roof (or the projection on the horizontal p
lane of water) that converges on it. In Italy it is customary to give an effecti
ve area of rain: 3 1 cm2 per m2 of roof when the vertical paths of rain are mate
rial to the base of the columns can be realized shock, overpressure and elastic
phenomena that produce noise, causing danger of breakage or however rapid wear.
In these points it is necessary to prepare the wells function as shock absorbers
as well as siphoning, to block backflow of unpleasant odors from collectors. Gu
tters or eaves tiles are semicircular or rectangular, but in any case, the cross
-section area useful for the passage of water Sg to be approximately 1.5 times t
he sum of sections of rain fed Σ p. In the case of semi-circular gutter section
shall be: g = g = 1.5 x Σ p half of a circular section of diameter D = 1.5 × π
× D2 × Σ
2 4 from which it derives the diameter of the gutter: n π Φ i2 × 1.5
× 8 × Σ

= Σ where Σ D = 4 π i = 1 where Φi is the diameter of the rain-th

ower. In the case of a semicircular gutter that feeds a single rain diameter Φ
will, after sim
le ste
s: D = 3 × Φ The gutters should have a constant slo
e to
the rain, no less than 0.5%. They exhaust manifolds are located on the ceiling o
f the cellar or basement floor and at an altitude higher than the free surface o
f munici
al sewage water white (or mixed), or other contact surface (oceans, str
eams, rivers, etc.) to allow the natural flow of sewage. If this is not
ossible
there should be a collection tank, a system of lifting water to the final detai
ls. The collectors are made of circular
i
es with a diameter less
ro
ortionate
to the number of rain that they fall and slo
e feasible, that in no case shall
be less than 1%.
Referring to regions with rainfall of u
to 10 cm of water
er hour, Geberit (co
m
any in the field of sanitation), recommended for rain, the gutters and collect
ors the following minimum diameters de
ending on the surfaces of roofs : urface
of the roof
rojection. horizontal u
to 8 9 to 25 m2 26 m2 50 m2 75 m2 51 to 7
6 to 140 m2 to 170 m2 141 m2 171 to 230 231 to 335 336 m2 to 350 m2 to 500 m2 35
1 m2 501 to 1000 mm Downs
out 50 50 50 75 75 100 100 125 125 150 175-200 mm semi
circular gutters 80 100 100 100 125 125 150 150 200 200 250 Collectors mm 40 50
70 70 80 80 100 100 125 125 150

or more rainfall, the sections of exhaust manifolds, like any other com
onent o
f the rain, be
ro
ortionately increased. idebar: The amount of water for the d
esign of the
i
eline rain de
ends on the following factors: 1) rainfall intensi
ty (i
), varies from region to region and is ex
ressed in cm/ora/m2 or l/s/m2. T
he rainfall intensity are commonly used: 10 cm/ora/m2 l/min/m2 = 0.027 = 1.66 =
2.50 l/min/m2 cm/ora/m2 l/s/m2 15 = 0.041 l / s / 20 m2 = 3.33 cm/ora/m2 l/min/m
2 = 0.055 l/s/m2 2) from all the ex
osed surfaces (if) the rain, as determined b
y horizontal
rojection, 3) the slo
e and the nature of surfaces ex
osed, ex
res
sed by the reduction factor K (Table). This is inter
reted as a factor behind th
e water flow from the surface of the roof at the out
ut of u
take due to roughne
ss and / or absorbent surfaces ex
osed to rain .. The calculation formula is as
follows:
Water flow (l / s) = i.
(l/s/m2) x s.e (m2) x K
Kind of surface ex
osed to
itched roofs with tiles, corrugated
lastic, cement,

lastic sheets for roofs with
lastic or similar roofs covered with concrete sl
abs or similar o
en squares, avenues, etc., with roofs covered with hard coating
gravel o
en squares, avenues, etc., with gravel or similar earth-covered roofs
(roof garden) reduction coefficient K 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.30
Discharge of waste water
The term used water means waste water, ie water or black stool, soa
y water or w
hite water and fat to be eliminated as a result of the use of medical devices. T
he drainage water used must be inde
endent of stormwater drainage systems and li
quid
ollutants (discharges from laboratories, waste oil from garages, large kit
chens discharges, etc.) The exhaust system com
rises: - branches exhaust
i
es t
hat connect sections of the tra
s of sanitation equi
ment to the vertical column
s of discharge. - Drain
i
e, collect water from several branches and bring them
to collectors. - Exhaust manifold, convey the water from the columns to the sew
erage system.
An exhaust system is not sufficient alone to ensure hygienic conditions in envir
onments free from
ollution, es
ecially in terms of odor. Make sure that among

lants faecal closed environment is always inter
oses a ca

lumbing, clean water
(si
hon), which
revents the odors that accom
any the use of water access in th
e rooms themselves. This is accom
lished with a s
ecific
lant that ventilation,
which is designed to dis
erse the odor is
resent in the network, is to elimina
te the drainage system determines eddies that could undo the ca
s of water
rese
nt in the tra
s. The si
hon is made is close to all radio networks that health.
The sewage may be: - single si
hon (or recess)
rovided near the connection betw
een collector and faecal sewerage external - to si
hon multi
le, wides
read, inv
olving the installation of a tra
at the base of each column faecal first access
to collectors.

izing of drainage networks. or sizing of drainage networks, using the method o
f giving discharge unit (U. .). Is defined as: 1 U. . = The discharge flow rate
of sink or bidet with exhaust
i
e = 32 mm = 28 l / min (= 0.06 L / s) values of
U. . other medical equi
ment were calculated for com
arison.
The
i
es shall be determined by the number
 of units and exhaust connected to th
e
robability of their simultaneous use. or branches:

or columns of discharge:
Calculated the
 diameter of the column is maintained for its entire length from b
ase to to
. or collectors:
The collectors must be installed with a slo
e as to maintain the flow rate withi
n a
redetermined range. The minimum s
eed is about 0.6 m / s to avoid the se
ar
ation of solids drag. The maximum s
eed is com
atible with the ty
e of material
which make u
the
i
e to
revent the occurrence of abrasion (see table below).
The
ro
ortions of drainage networks can follow the following
rocedure: 1) Plot
the drawing of the suggested 2) Give the connection at each intensity discharge
or the discharge unit. 3) Draw onto the network gradients and intensity dischar
ge affecting them 4) Return the data read on the scheme now being
ro
osed.
Qt
Qr
U. .
To account for the simultaneous o
eration of different users, the real intensity
discharge is obtained from the theoretical Qt through the following formula, su
ggested by Geberit: Houses a
artments: Qr = Qt 0.5 Great restaurants, hotels, ho
s
itals , clinics, community Qr = Qt 0.7 industries, laboratories, etc.: Qr = Qt
1.2
EXAMPLE
Ventilation
rimary and secondary
By the end of a ventilation exhaust system includes the installation of
i
es wh
ich allow the
assage of the necessary quantity of air to exit the tra
s of sani
tary a

liances, industrial and laboratory. This
lant is divided into: -
rimar
y ventilation - ventilation secondary. The
rimary ventilation system, consistin
g of a ventilation column obtained from the extended drain water faecal u
over
the last floor, above the highest
oint of the building and finishing with a hat
exhale (this gun) . The
rimary ventilation of the s
ill out of gas bombs in th
e
i
eline, without access environments.€This is ensured by the fact that there
is fecal column atmos
heric
ressure equal to that which is exercised at the sid
e of the tra
environment.
In the absence of
rimary ventilation, however, a body of water downward would b
e a real liquid
iston,
utting in some de
ressed sections of the network and
r
oducing
i
ed water
resent in the si
hons, driven by atmos
heric
ressure
rese
nt in the environment where the health unit is located. In other
arts of the ne
twork the liquid
iston, however, would create com
ression, or
ressure on the f
ree surface of the si
hon, first column, greater than that existing in the envir
onment where it is located on the fixture, with the outward
ush of the constitu
ent mass hydraulic ca
.
Ventilation
rimary hook is used when multi
le devices are installed, and is cre
ating a s
ecific rod
arallel to the ventilation exhaust atmos
here that connect
s the end
oints of all the stretch of Branch.
Below we
ro
ose a
articular
lant hook, which a

lies in cases in which they a
re arranged in series
ot, tub and sink.
Auxiliary ventilation ventilation secondary consists of a riser
arallel to the
fecal, which connects with the base of the si
hon at the foot stool, and the to

is connected to the
rimary ventilation column, above the user with a higher
r
o ortion of faecal . In this column are connected to the tra
s of all equi
ment


installed.
The diameters of ventilation networks should be defined when com
ared to the dia
meters of the drainage networks. The
rimary ventilation is achieved with tubes
of the same diameter of the to
of the stool. The internal branches have diamete
rs on the ty
e of equi
ment served (see Table 1)
The columns have diameters of ventilation set on the basis of the diameters of f
ecal and total vertical develo
ment (see Table 2)