International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp. 397408, Article ID: IJCIET_08_01_045

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
IAEME Publication

INFLUENCE OF OPTIMAL COLUMN SPACING

FOR G+11 STOREY RC MOMENT RESISTING
FRAME
G Sri Lakshmi
PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering,
K L UniversityVaddeswaram-522502, A.P, India

J D Chaitanya Kumar
Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
K L University, Vaddeswaram-522502, A.P, India

ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze a safe G+11 commercial by obtain the ideal space parameters of
varied columns. Method of analysis: The following work is limited to plot frames of 50m X
50m (with aspect ratio of panel sizes varying from 1 to 4) for the first case and for second
case the size of the panel are 50m x 50m, 50m x 30m, 50m x 25m and 50m x 20m (with an
aspect ratio of 1, 0.6, 0.5, and 0.4 respectively). The structure is modeled, analyzed for
gravity and lateral (seismic) loads then designed as per IS: 456-2000 and analyzed in
STAAD. Pro. Failed members are again modulated until all the members are safe. By
observations and calculations, the most economical panel size is suggested and its spacing
is noted. Findings: According to aspect ratio which panel shows more story drift and which
is having more self-weighted respectively which leads to economical column spacing design
further. Applications: The database is prepared for worst load combination and the
structural elements are designs for the worst load.
Key words: Column Spacing, Commercial Building, STAAD. Pro, Panel Size, Aspect
Ratio and Lateral Loads.
Cite this Article: G Sri Lakshmi and J D Chaitanya Kumar, Influence of Optimal Column
Spacing For G+11 Storey RC Moment Resisting Frame. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp. 390396.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1

1. INTRODUCTION
With increasing population people has focused on space efficient living with use of largest space
parameters. Nowadays the trend off multistory structures is increasing day by day which are
motivating builders and designers to go for space utilization structures. This urbanization has led to
the concept of more space with less structural elements which tend to poor plinth area. As they
occupy more space in the structure. By keeping all these factors under consideration a small attempt
has made to eliminate columns and influence of this reduction technically in a multi-storey structure.

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 G Sri Lakshmi and J D Chaitanya Kumar

The analysis made is purely a design criterion in which without setting a known value the concept
of extending the width of the structure by extending the column to column spacing respectively.
To carry over further with the spacing phenomenon to get it analyzed the first step was to consider
2 cases simultaneously with different aspect ratios (the proportional relationship between two sides
of the considering element) as well as plot areas of varying dimensions. In case 1 the plot area will
be constant with varying aspect ratios i.e. (1 to 4). For the above aspect ratios, the plot areas will be
constant. Here the plot areas considered are for case 1 (50mx50m). But for next case which is
considered as case 2 the plot areas are varying with varying aspect ratios such as
For plot area, 50mx50m aspect ratio is 1.
For plot area, 50mx30m aspect ratio is 0.6.
For plot area, 50mx25m aspect ratio is 0.5.
For plot area, 50mx20m aspect ratio is 0.4.
The major advantages of reduction of columns in a structure are:
More plinth area is introduced.
A commercial structure like hotels, hospitals will get an aesthetic appearance with more area.
Less the columns less will be the self-weight of the structure
Reduction of self-weight will lead to less reinforcement which will make the structure more
economical.
Nowadays with increasing natural calamities construction must always be an earthquake resistant
building with specific zonal considerations. Analysis of the whole unit was done in STAAD pro. In
designing the structure every aspect was considered according to IS code provisions and earthquake
analysis was also taken place. While designing the structure dead load, live load and earthquake load
in zone 3 was considered respectively. By this concept of analyzing the structure for spacing of
columns and its effect on the structure is a new concept being introduced in order to begin a new
practice of construction by eliminating such elements which can be reduced practically without
compromising safety? The thought of providing constraint spacing of column has to be avoided by
providing column spacing and its influence on a multi-storey structure1. The new materials being
introduced to withstand high raised buildings with less weight, a detailed note work on cost
comparison of conventional and flat slab structure with this paper a view of using flat slabs by
reducing columns and its cost analysis is carried out ultimately resulting for economic structure2.
The introduction of a multi-storey structure which reveled in the year 1972 both made a detailed
survey about the air pressure and flexibility concepts of multi-storey structure which will lead us to
consider wind loads while designing a high raised multi-storey structure3. The axial pressure and its
effect related to multi-storey structure and axial shortening and its influence on a structure were
mentioned4. The analysis of simple 2-D frame of varying floor heights and the behavior of shear
according to the size of the column was also analyzed5. The concept of flat slabs and totally
eliminating of columns as far as possible was worked out by them story shear as also analyzed using
E-tabs6-7. A study on computer aided design of reinforced concrete twin towers7. In this study
analyzing and designing of G+25 twin towers, the results are compared from STAAD. Pro and
manual designs.

2. METHODOLOGY
2.1. METHOD OF ANALYSIS
The multi-storey structure having G+11 stories are analyzed after detailed manual designing
considering dead load, live load and all the wall loads such as outer walls, inner walls and parapet

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 Influence of Optimal Column Spacing For G+11 Storey RC Moment Resisting Frame

walls. Apart from the reduction of columns, which leads to distribute the loads more uniformly and
abolish the excessive effects of structural loads. The plane frames and structure are analyzed.
STAAD. Pro software was used for the analysis.

2.2. NOTATIONS
The analysis was carried out for 32 different plot areas with 8 aspect ratios and 5 varying panel sizes
respectively. The plot sizes for case 1 are 50x50md and for case 2 are 50x50m, 50x30m, 50x25 and
50x20m. for all the above plots areas story drift and self-weight is analyzed.
The structure with G+11 is analyzed with the help of STAAD PRO software which consists of a
multi-paneled system of beams and columns which are flexurally rigid at each junction with
reduction of columns and distribution of loads evenly with more accuracy by eliminating the excess
effect of structural loads was also worked out manually whereas analysis was done using STAAD.
Pro software. In case 1, the plot sizes are constant with a panel area of 50x50m whereas the aspect
ratios varying from 1 to 4 respectively, specifications are mentioned in Tables 1-4. and Figure 1. In
case 2, plot size is also varying with panel size. The plot areas with aspect ratios are mentioned in
Tables 5-8. and Figure 2. The column specifications are mentioned in Table 9.

Figure 1

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 G Sri Lakshmi and J D Chaitanya Kumar

Figure 2

Table 1 Aspect ratio=1 (plot area is 50mX50m)

Case No. of panels Size of each panel(in mts)
21 4 25*25
31 9 16.67*16.67
41 16 12.5*12.5
51 25 10*10

Table 2 Aspect ratio = 2 (plot area is 50mX50m)

Case No. of panels Size of each panel(in mts)
22 8 25*12.5
32 18 16.67*8.33
42 32 12.5*6.25
52 50 10*5

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 Influence of Optimal Column Spacing For G+11 Storey RC Moment Resisting Frame

Table 3 Aspect ratio = 3 (plot area is 50mX50m)

Case No. of panels Size of each panel(in mts)
23 12 25*6.33
33 27 16.67*5.56
43 48 12.5*4.67
53 75 10*3.33

Table 4 Aspect ratio = 4 (plot area is 50mx50m)

Case No. of panels Size of each panel(in mts)
24 16 25*2.5
34 36 16.67*4.167
44 64 12.5*3.125
54 100 10*2.5

Table 5 Aspect ratio = 1 (Plot area 50m X 50m)

Case No. of panels Size of each panel(in mts)
21 4 25*2.5
31 6 25*16.67
41 16 25*12.5
51 25 25*10

Table 6 Aspect ratio 0.6 (Plot area 50m X 30m)

Case No. of panels Size of each panel(in mts)
22 8 15*25
32 18 10*25
42 32 7.5*25
52 50 6*25

Table 7 Aspect ratio 0.5 (Plot area 50m X 25m)

Case No. of panels Size of each panel(in mts)
23 12 12.5*25
33 6 8.33*25
43 8 6.25*25
53 10 5*25

Table 8 Aspect ratio 0.4 (Plot area 50m X 20m)

Case No. of panels Size of each panel(in mts)
24 4 10*25
34 6 6.66*25
44 8 5*25
54 10 4*25

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 G Sri Lakshmi and J D Chaitanya Kumar

Table 9 Number of columns

CASE 1 NO OF COLUMNS CASE 2 NO OF COLUMNS
21 9 21 9
31 16 31 12
41 25 41 15
51 36 51 18
22 15 22 9
32 28 32 12
42 45 42 15
52 66 52 18
23 21 23 9
33 40 33 12
43 65 43 15
53 96 53 18
24 27 24 9
34 52 34 12
44 85 44 15
54 126 54 18

2.3. LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS CONSIDERED

The multistoried structure is analyzed for self-weight of the slabs, beams and columns self-weight,
Weight of the parapet walls and outer walls of each floor and inner walls on each floor and also live
load on the floor. Slab self-weight includes the floor finish. The load calculations and load
combinations are considered as per IS: 875 1987.

2.4. DEAD LOAD

1. Self-weight of members
The Multistory structure is assigned self-weight of beam and column.
2. 2. Self-weight of slab
Assume slab thickness as 150mm
Total self weight of slab and floor finishers = (0.15X25) + 1 = 4.75 kN/ m2
3. 3. Parapet wall Self weight
Wall thickness = 230 mm,
Height of parapet wall = 0.9 m
Brick Unit weight = 18.85 kN/m3
Total load = 0.23 X 18.85 X 0.9 = 3.9 kN /m2
4. 4. Outer walls weight in the structure
Assuming thickness of Outer wall = 230mm and
Wall Height = 3m
Total weight = 0.23 X 18.85 X 3 = 13 kN/m
5. Inner walls weight in the structure
Assuming Inner wall thickness = 115 mm and
Height of the wall = 3m,
Total weight = 0.115 X 3 X 18.85 = 6.50 kN/m
6. Live load
Live load was taken as 4 kN/m2 as it is considered as a commercial building.

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 Influence of Optimal Column Spacing For G+11 Storey RC Moment Resisting Frame

2.4. Load Combinations

As per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Clause no. 6.3.1.2, the following load cases have to be considered for
analysis, mentioned in Table 10.
Table 10 Load combinations

S. NO LOAD COMBINATION S. NO LOAD COMBINATION

1 1.0(D.L+L.L) 10 1.2(D.L+L.L+EQ-Z)

2 1.5(D.L+L.L) 11 1.5(D.L+EQ+X)

3 1.0(D.L+L.L+EQ+X) 12 1.5(D.L+EQ-X)

4 1.0(D.L+L.L+EQ-X) 13 1.5(D.L+EQ+Z)

5 1.0(D.L+L.L+EQ+Z) 14 1.5(D.L+EQ-Z)

6 1.0(D.L+L.L+EQ-Z) 15 1.0(D.L+EQ+X)

7 1.2(D.L+L.L+EQ+X) 16 1.0(D.L+EQ-X)

8 1.2(D.L+L.L+EQ-X) 17 1.0(D.L+EQ+Z)

9 1.2(D.L+L.L+EQ+Z) 18 1.0(D.L+EQ-Z)

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The outcomes by analyzing all 32 panels are mentioned in Figure 3-10. The details of maximum
self-weight of structure are mentioned in Figure 11.

Figure 3 Storey drift with aspect ratio 1

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 G Sri Lakshmi and J D Chaitanya Kumar

Figure 4 Storey drift with aspect ratio 2

Figure 5 Storey drift with aspect ratio 3

Figure 6 Storey drift with aspect ratio 4

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 Influence of Optimal Column Spacing For G+11 Storey RC Moment Resisting Frame

Figure 7 Case 2 storey drift with aspect ratio 1

Figure 8 Case 2 storey drift with aspect ratio 0.6

Figure 9 Case 2 storey drift with aspect ratio 0.5

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 G Sri Lakshmi and J D Chaitanya Kumar

Figure 10 Storey drift with aspect ratio 0.4

Figure 11 Self weight of the structure

4. CONCLUSION
The following are the conclusion obtained for 32 cases analyzed:
By analyzing the cases for plot areas and calculating the storey drift values there are many
undulations in the graph for case 1 the aspect ratio for plot area 50mx50m is 1 and maximum storey
drift values are:
Cases 21 31 41 51
Max. storey drift (mm) 8.3348 2.626 2.809 7.043

By analyzing the cases for plot areas and calculating the storey drift values there are many
undulations in the graph in case 1 the aspect ratio for plot area 50mx50m is 2 and maximum storey
drift values are:
Cases 22 32 42 52
Max. storey drift (mm) 3.441 2.575 2.25 2.626
By analyzing the cases for plot areas and calculating the storey drift values there are many
undulations in the graph in case 1 the aspect ratio for plot area 50mx50m is 3 and maximum storey
drift values are:
Cases 23 33 43 53
Max. storey drift (mm) 2.575 2.4711 5.2117 3.2411

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 Influence of Optimal Column Spacing For G+11 Storey RC Moment Resisting Frame

By analyzing the cases for plot areas and calculating the storey drift values there are many
undulations in the graph in case 1 the aspect ratio for plot area 50mx50m is 4 and maximum storey
drift values are:
Cases 24 34 44 54
Max. storey drift (mm) 2.572 2.828 2.0879 4.567

By analyzing the cases for plot areas and calculating the storey drift values there are many
undulations in the graph in case 2 the aspect ratio for plot area 50mx50m is 1 and maximum storey
drift values are:
Cases 21 31 41 51
Max. storey drift (mm) 8.5301 3.243 2.809 7.043
By analyzing the cases for plot areas and calculating the storey drift values there are many
undulations in the graph in case 2 the aspect ratio for plot area 50mx30m is 0.6 and maximum storey
drift values are:
Cases 22 32 42 52
Max. storey drift (mm) 8.5301 4.5674 2.254 7.043
By analyzing the cases for plot areas and calculating the storey drift values there are many
undulations in the graph in case 2 the aspect ratio for plot area 50mx25m is 0.5 and maximum storey
drift values are:
Cases 23 33 43 53
Max. storey drift (mm) 7.5511 6.1156 6.3848 2.2933
By analyzing the cases for plot areas and calculating the storey drift values there are many
undulations in the graph in case 2 the aspect ratio for plot area 50mx20m is 0.4 and maximum storey
drift values are:
Cases 24 34 44 54
Max. storey drift (mm) 7.5511 6.1148 2.2549 6.3848
By analyzing the self-weight of the structure with different panel sizes and maximum self-weight
is as follows:
Panel size 50x50 50x50(case 2) 50x30 50x25 50x20

Self weight 735141.653 63030.41 232525.668 229483.181 50446.732

5. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors sincerely place gratitude to their parents and teachers, for their support and guidance for
completing this project. These authors wish to extend their thanks to Dr. A. Siva Sankar, Associate
Professor, K L University, Vaddeswaram , Andhra Pradesh for their valuable input to complete this
study.

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 G Sri Lakshmi and J D Chaitanya Kumar

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