Professional Documents
Culture Documents
This is a partial list of the world's indigenous / aboriginal / native people. Indigenous peoples are any ethnic group of peoples who
are considered to fall under one of the internationally recognized definitions of Indigenous peoples, such as United Nations,
the International Labour Organization and the World Bank, i.e. "those ethnic groups that were indigenous to a territory prior to being
incorporated into a national state, and who are politically and culturally separate from the majority ethnic identity of the state that they
are a part of".[1]
Note that this is a listing of peoples, groups and communities. Many of the names are externally imposed, and are not those the people
identify within their cultures. As John Trudell observed, "They change our name and treat us the same." Basic to the unethical
treatment of indigenous peoples is an insistence that the original inhabitants of the land are not permitted to name themselves. Many
tribal groups have reasserted their traditional self-identifying names in recent times, [2] in a process of geographical renaming where
"The place-name changes herald a new era, in which Aboriginal people have increasing control over the right to name and govern
their homelands."[3]
In this list, native ethnonyms (autonyms or endonyms) are given in round brackets. In some cases the endonym is the name by which
the ethnic group/people is called by other peoples. However, in most cases, exonymspredominate.
This list is grouped by region, and sub-region. Note that a particular group may warrant listing under more than one region, either
because the group is distributed in more than one region (example: Inuit in North America and eastern Russia), or there may be some
overlap of the regions themselves (that is, the boundaries of each region are not always clear and some locations may commonly be
associated with more than one region).
Contents
[hide]
1Definition
2Africa
2.1North Africa
2.2Central Africa
2.3East Africa
2.4West Africa
2.5Southern Africa
3Asia
3.1Central Asia
3.2East Asia
3.3North Asia
1
3.4South Asia
3.5Southeast Asia
3.6Southwest Asia
3.7Caucasus
4Europe
5Oceania
5.1Australia
5.1.1North
5.1.2Arnhem
5.1.3Fitzmaurice
5.1.4Kimberley
5.1.5Gulf
5.1.6West Cape
5.1.7East Cape
5.1.8Northeast
5.1.9Southeast
5.1.10Riverine
5.1.11Spencer
5.1.12Eyre
5.1.13Southwest
5.1.14Northwest
5.1.15Desert
5.1.16Torres Strait
5.1.17Rainforest
5.1.18Tasmania
5.2Melanesia
2
5.3Micronesia
5.4Polynesia
6The Americas
6.1North America
6.1.1Arctic
6.1.2Subarctic
6.1.4Northwest Plateau
6.1.5Great Plains
6.1.6Eastern Woodlands
6.1.7California
6.1.8Great Basin
6.1.9Southwest
6.1.10Mesoamerica
6.1.12Caribbean
6.2South America
6.2.2Guianas
6.2.3Amazon
6.2.4Eastern Highlands
6.2.5Gran Chaco
6.2.6Andes
6.2.7Southern Cone
7Circumpolar
8See also
3
9Notes
10References
Definition
Indigenous communities, peoples and nations are those which, having a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial
societies that developed on their territories, consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing on those
territories, or parts of them. They form at present non-dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and
transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity, as the basis of their continued existence as peoples, in
accordance with their own cultural patterns, social institutions and legal system. [4]
This historical continuity may consist of the continuation, for an extended period reaching into the present of one or more of the
following factors:
Culture in general, or in specific manifestations (such as religion, living under a tribal system, membership of an indigenous
community, dress, means of livelihood, lifestyle, etc.)
Language (whether used as the only language, as mother-tongue, as the habitual means of communication at home or in the
family, or as the main, preferred, habitual, general or normal language)
On an individual basis, an indigenous person is one who belongs to these indigenous populations through self-identification
as indigenous (group consciousness) and is recognized and accepted by these populations as one of its members (acceptance
by the group). This preserves for these communities the sovereign right and power to decide who belongs to them, without
external interference.[5]
Africa
North Africa
Afro-Asiatic peoples
Berbers (Imazighen)
Haratin: A mixed Sub-Saharan African (from several peoples) and Berber or Arabic people that speaks either one of
the Berber or Arabic languages: Morocco, Mauritania,Western Sahara, Algeria.
Nilo-Saharan peoples
4
Eastern Sudanic peoples
Niger-Congo peoples
Central Africa
Pygmy peoples:
Mbenga:
Aka (Bayaka)
Baka (Bebayaka): Cameroon, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, and Central African Republic
Bongo (Babongo):
Gyele (Bagyele):
Kola (Bakola):
Mbuti (Bambuti):
Kango/Sua:
Mbuti:
Wochua:
Twa
5
Mongo Twa/Ntomba Twa: Western Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tumba, Lake Mai-Ndombe
East Africa
Nilo-Saharan peoples
Nilotic peoples
Dinka-Nuer peoples
Dinka (Jieng): mainly in Lakes, Warrap and Unity States, Upper Nile
river course, Central and North South Sudan.
Nuer (Naadh): mainly in Jonglei State, East of Upper Nile river course, East
Central South Sudan.
Luo peoples
Anuak (Anywaa): mainly East Jonglei State, East South Sudan, and also mainly
in Gambela Region, Lowlands of Far Southwest Ethiopia(border areas
between South Sudan and Ethiopia).
Shilluk (Chollo/Cll): mainly in North South Sudan, west of the Upper Nile
river course, Upper Nile State, South Sudan (Kodok orKothok, formerly known
as Fashoda is in their territory).
Surmic peoples
South
Southeast
Surma
Hadza (Hadzabe): Tanzania, Singida region: southeast, south and northwest of Lake Eyashi.
Sandawe: Tanzania, Dodoma region: Kondoa district, between Bubu and Mponde rivers, Singida region.
Pygmy peoples:
Twa
6
Great Lakes Twa: Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo
West Africa
Afro-Asiatic peoples
Tuareg (or Imuhagh): southern Sahara and Sahel regions of Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso
Niger-Congo peoples
Benue-Congo peoples
Ogoni: Nigeria
Ijo peoples
Kwa peoples
Potou-Tano peoples
Ashanti: Ghana
Senegambian peoples
Fula-Serer peoples
Volta-Niger peoples
YEAI
Nilo-Saharan peoples
Saharan peoples
Western Saharan
7
Toubou/Tibu: Central and southern Sahara
Southern Africa
Khoikhoi
Damara
Haiom
Gu and Gana
Naro
Tsoa/Tshwa/Kua
Kx'a/JuHoan
Kung/Juu
Amkoe
Kxao-ae (Auen)
Tuu
Kwi (!Ui)
Xam
Khomani (Nu)
Taa
Xooake/Numde
Bantu peoples
8
Asia
Central Asia
Indo-European peoples
Iranian peoples
Mongolic peoples
Khoid: Mongolia
Sino-Tibetan peoples
Turkic peoples
East Asia
Ainu (Aynu): Hokkaido, Japan and (until the end of World War II) on Sakhalin Island, Russia
Hmong-Mien peoples
Miao (Hmong)
Yao (Mien)
Japonic peoples
9
Ryukyuans: Ryky Kingdom, now Japan
Austronesian peoples
Amis peoples
Amis (Pangcah/Amis)
Sakizaya (Sakuzaya)
Bunun
Kavalan (Kbaran)
Atayal/Tayal/Tayan
Saisiyat
Seediq
Truku
Yami (Tao)
Thao/Ngan
Paiwan
Puyuma/Pinuyumayan
Tsou-Rukai peoples
Rukai
Tsou
Turkic peoples
SiberianTurks
Oghuz Turks
10
North Asia
Northern indigenous peoples of Russia: Over 40 distinct peoples, each with their own language and culture in the Asiatic part
of Russia (Siberia).
Chukchi-Kamchatkan peoples
Chukotkan peoples
Eskimo-Aleut peoples
Mongolic peoples
Tungusic peoples
Turkic peoples
Siberian Turks
Khakas (Tadarlar):
Kipchak Turks
Siberian Tatars
Baraba Tatars
11
Uralic peoples
Finno-Ugric peoples
Samoyedic Peoples
Northern Samoyedic peoples: West Siberia and Far Northern European Russia
Nenets (Neney Neneche): Far Northern Western Siberia and Far Northern European
Russia
Yeniseian peoples
Ket (Deng)
South Asia
Veddha chief Uruwarige Wannila Aththo, leader of the indigenous people Sri Lanka
Adivasi: collective term for many indigenous peoples in India (see also List of Scheduled Tribes in India)
Austroasiatic peoples
12
Juang:
Kharia (Sabar):
Korku (Koruku):
Sora (Sora/Saora/Savara):
Dravidian peoples
Indo-European peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples
Sino-Tibetan peoples
Bodish peoples
Bodo-Koch
13
Konyak peoples
Kukish peoples
Raji-Raute peoples
Digaro peoples
Sino-Tibetan peoples
Bodish peoples
Bhutia (Denzongpa)
Dravidian peoples
Indo-European peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples
Kalasha of Chitral (Kaaa): Ancient pre-Muslim polytheistic pagan ethnic minority in Chitral
District, Northern Pakistan
14
Kashmiri Hindus: India
Gujarati: India
Sino-Tibetan peoples
Lolo-Burmese peoples
Burmish peoples
Marma: Bangladesh
Southeast Asia
Austroasiatic peoples
Aslian peoples
Senoi (Senoi/Sengoi/Sng'oi) (a people of the ethnic groups called by the generic word Orang Asli - Original
People): in Peninsular Malaysia)
Khmuic groups:
Palaungic peoples
Wa (Vx): One of the hill tribes of Burma and China's Yunnan Province
Zomi (Zo Pau): One of the indigenous people in Southeast Asia. The word Zomi is the collective name
given to many tribes who traced their descends to a common ancestor. Through history they have been
known under various appellation, such as--Chin, Kuki and Mizo--but the expression was disliked by them,
and they insist that the term was a misnomer given by others and by which they have been recorded in
certain documents designate their ancient origins as a race.
Austronesian peoples
Malayo-Polynesian peoples
15
Chamic peoples
Proto-Malay (a people of the ethnic groups called by the generic word Orang Asli - Original People):
in Peninsular Malaysia
Hmong-Mien peoples
Montagnards (Degar): an umbrella term for several Pre-Vietnamese peoples that dwell in the plateaus and mountains of the
southern regions of Vietnam
Austroasiatic peoples
Bahnaric peoples
Sedang
Bahnar
Mnong
Stieng
Katuic peoples
Katu
Katu
West
Bru (Bruu)
Austronesian peoples
Malayo-Polynesian peoples
Chamic peoples
Rade-Jarai
16
Jarai
Rhade
ChruNorthern
Northern Cham
Raglai
Negrito:
Semang (a group of several peoples of the ethnic groups called by the generic word Orang Asli - Original People):
in Peninsular Malaysia
Batek
Sino-Tibetan peoples
Karenic peoples
Karen (Per Ploan Poe/Ploan/Pwa Ka Nyaw/Kanyaw): an alliance of hill tribes of Burma and Thailand
Lolo-Burmese peoples
Akha a.k.a. Aini or Aini-Akha: One of the hill tribes of Thailand, Laos, Burma and China's Yunnan
Province
Lahu (Ladhulsi/Kawzhawd): One of the hill tribes of Thailand, Burma, Laos and Yunnan.
Lisu: One of the hill tribes of Burma, Thailand, Arunachal Pradesh, India & Yunnan and Sichuan, China
Phu Thai
Tai Dam
Tai Lu
Tai Na
17
Maritime Southeast Asia
Austroasiatic peoples
Austronesian peoples
Malayo-Polynesian peoples
Barito peoples
Bajau (Sama/Samah/Samal): Borneo and the Sulu Archipelago (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines)
Malayic peoples
Philippine peoples
Tausug (Tausg/Suluk/Sulug)
Maguindanao
Maranao (Iranon/Iranun)
Negrito:
18
Great Andamanese: formerly at least 10 distinct groups living throughout Great Andaman, now confined to
a single community on Strait Island, Andaman Is.
Southwest Asia
Afro-Asiatic peoples
Semitic peoples
Arabic peoples
Canaanite peoples
Mandaeans (Mandeynye/Mandanye):
Southern Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq) spoke a variety of Aramaic,
practices a unique gnostic religion, Mandaeism. Originally they came
from the east Jordan Valley (Peraea) and many seem to have a common
origin with ancient Jews, however they radically changed their ethnic
identity and beliefs and turned into a different ethnic group.
Bathari people: Dhofar, Southern Oman. Descendants from the original people
of Dhofar before Arabization.
Harasis: Jiddat al-Harasis, Central Oman. Descendants from the original people
of South Arabia before Arabization.
Hobyt people: Dhofar, Southern Oman, Far Eastern Yemen. Descendants from
the original people of Dhofar before Arabization.
20
Shehri people/Jibbali people: Dhofar, Southern Oman. Descendants from the
original people of Dhofar before Arabization.
Indo-European peoples
Armenians (Hayer): The Christian Armenian people were the original inhabitants of what is now modern Eastern
Turkey, specifically around Lake Van and the biblical mountain of Ararat and spoke the Western
Armenian language. Since the Armenian Genocide in which up to 1,500,000 people perished, the number of the
original Armenian inhabitants is almost non-existent and they have since been replaced with ethnic Turks and Kurds.
Iranian peoples
Gilaks: Gilan, North Iran, South Caspian Sea coast and Elburz Mountains
Northwestern I
Zaza-Gorani peoples
Northwestern II
LarestaniGulf peoples
Persian peoples
Hazara: a mixed Mongol and Iranian people that speaks an Iranian language
(Hazaragi) in Central Afghanistan, Central Hindu Kush Mountains.
Caucasus
Indo-European peoples
Armenians (Hayer):
Iranian peoples
Persian peoples
Zan
Avar-Andic peoples
Avar people (Caucasus) (Magharulal/Avaral): Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
Andic peoples
Akhvakh (Ashvado/Atluatii)
Andis (Qhvannal/Khivannal)
Bagvalals/Bagulals (Bagval)
Botlikhs (Buykhal'ida/Buykhalyi)
Chamalals (Chamalaldu)
Godoberis (Giybdiridi)
Karatas (Khkhiridi)
Tindis (Idarab)
Lak people (Dagestan) (Lak): Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
Lezgic peoples
Archins (Arshishttib)
Budukh (Budad)
Jeks (Cekad/Dzhekad)
Kryts (Kh'rytsha'/Kyrtuar)
23
Tabasarans: Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains
Nakh peoples
Bats (Batsbi)
Vainakh peoples
Bezhtas
Hinukh (Hinuqes)
Hunzibs (Hunzib)
Khwarshi (Khuani)
Tsez/Dido people
Abkhaz-Abaza peoples
Abazins (Abaza)
Abkhazians (Aphsua): Abkhazia (Aphsny) - a De Jure autonomous region of Georgia (Sakartvelo), self-
proclaimed sovereign country.
Circassian peoples
Ubykh (Ta): were indigenous to the mountains of West Caucasus, Sochi area, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, later
migrated to Turkey.
24
Europe
Basques (Euskaldunak): Northern Spain and Southern France, Western Pyrenees Mountains
Indo-European peoples
Balto-Slavic peoples
Baltic peoples
Slavic peoples
Celtic peoples
Goidelic peoples
Manx (Ny Manninee): Isle of Man, Irish Sea/Manx Sea, Northwestern part of Great
Britain
Brythonic peoples
Welsh (Cymry): Wales, Western United Kingdom, who along with the Cornish, form the
Brythonic peoples, the natives of the entire of the island of Great Britain, descendents of
the original settlers of the British Isles.[20]
25
Germanic peoples
Anglo-Frisian peoples
Iranian peoples
Italics: Italy, progenitors of the modern day Romance peoples, as well as a whole plethora of now extinct
tribes.
Latins: Italy.
26
Italo-Western Latin peoples
Italo-Dalmatian peoples
Gallo-Romance peoples
Rhaeto-Romance peoples
Occitano-Romance peoples
Astur-Leonese peoples
Galician-Portuguese peoples
Pyrenean peoples
Common Turks
Kipchak Turks
Oghuz Turks
Oghur Turks
Uralic peoples
Finno-Ugric peoples
Finnic peoples
Baltic Finns
Permians
Sami: Northern and central Norway, Sweden, Finland and Kola peninsula in the Northwest
of Russia
28
Volga Finns
Erzyans (Erzyat)
Moksha (Mokshet)
Samoyedic peoples
Oceania
Oceania includes most islands of the Pacific Ocean, New Guinea and the continent of Australia.
Australia
North
Australian Aborigines
Arnhem
Australian Aborigines
Pama-Nyungan peoples
29
Fitzmaurice
Kimberley
Gulf
West Cape
East Cape
Northeast
Southeast
Riverine
Spencer
Eyre
Southwest
Northwest
Desert
Australian Aborigines
Pama-Nyungan peoples
Spinifex people (Anagu tjuta pila nguru/Pila Nguru): Great Victorian Desert, Western
Australia, Australia.
Torres Strait
Indigenous Australians
Rainforest
Indigenous Australians
Tasmania
Indigenous Australians
30
Palawa (Aboriginal Tasmanians): Tasmania, Australia
Melanesia
Melanesia generally includes New Guinea and other (far-)western Pacific islands from the Arafura Sea out to Fiji. The region is
mostly inhabited by the Melanesian peoples.
Melanesians
Kanak: New-Caledonia
Ni-Vanuatu: Vanuatu
Baining
Papuans: more than 250 distinct tribes or clans, each with their own language and culture. The main island of New
Guinea and surrounding islands (territory forming independent state of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and
the Indonesian provinces of West Papua and Papua. Considered "Indigenous" these people are a subject to many debates.
Sepik peoples
Sepik Hill
Sanio
Bosavi
Kaluli-Kasua
31
Ok
Mountain Ok
Micronesia
Micronesia generally includes the various small island chains of the western and central Pacific. The region is mostly inhabited by
the Micronesian peoples.
Micronesian peoples
Polynesia
Polynesia includes New Zealand and the islands of the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The region is mostly inhabited by
the Polynesian peoples.
Polynesians
ElliceanOutlier
Futunic
Marquesic
32
Samoic
Tokelau: Tokelau
Tahitic
Maohi: Tahiti
Tongic
Niueans: Niue
Tongans: Tonga
Polynesian outliers
Polynesians
ElliceanOutlier
Ontong Java
Sikaiana
Futunic
33
Futuna and Aniwa: Vanuatu
Futuna
Aniwa
Emae: Vanuatu
Makata: Vanuatu
Bellona
Rennel
The Americas
The Americas is the supercontinent comprising North and South America, and associated islands.
North America
North America includes all of the continent and islands east of the Bering Strait and north of the Isthmus of Panama; it
includes Greenland, Canada, United States, Mexico, Central American and Caribbean countries. However a distinction can be made
between a broader North America and a narrower Northern America and Middle America due to ethnic and cultural characteristics.
First Nations
Inuit
Mtis
Alaska Natives
34
Indigenous peoples in North America by native cultural regions
Arctic
EskimoAleut
Eskimo/Yupit-Inuit
Inupiat (Iupiat): Alaska's Arctic, North Slope and boroughs and the Bering Strait
Eastern Canadian Inuit: East Canadian Arctic, East Nunavut, Nunavik, Nunatsiavut
Western Canadian Inuit (Inuvialuit): West Canadian Arctic, Inuvialuit Settlement Region,
Arctic coast of Northwest Territories, West Nunavut
Mtis: a mixed First Nations (from several peoples) and European (from several peoples) people of Canada.
Subarctic
Na-Den peoples
Athabaskan peoples
Dene of Yukon, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territory, and Alberta, Canada.
35
Alaskan Athabaskans
Ahtna
Ingalik
Tanana Athabaskans.
Holikachuk
Mtis: a mixed Native American (from several peoples) and European (from several peoples) people of Canada.
Algonquians
Cree of Montana, United States, and Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, Canada.
Annishinabe of Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba, Canada, as well as Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Oklahoma,
and Wisconsin, United States.
36
Tlingit of Alaska, United States.
Northwest Plateau
Great Plains
Sioux of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota, United States, as well as Saskatchewan, and Alberta, Canada.
Plains Apache (see the Southwest section for another category this tribe belongs too) of Texas, and Oklahoma.
Crow of Montana.
Omaha of Nebraska.
Eastern Woodlands
Iroquoian peoples
Seneca of New York, and Oklahoma, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada.
Cayuga of Oklahoma, and New York, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada.
Oneida of Wisconsin and New York, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada.
Wyandot of Kansas, Michigan, and Oklahoma, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada.
Nation du chat of Upstate New York, Ohio, and Northwest Pennsylvania, United States.
37
Susquehannock of Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, United States.
St. Lawrence Iroquoians: St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada, and New York, United States.
Algic peoples
Algonquian peoples
Carolina Algonquian
Wampanoag of Massachusetts.
Wabanaki of Maine, United States, and New Brunswick and Newfoundland, Canada.
Penobscot of Maine.
Peoria (Illiniwek)
Annishinabe
38
Ojibwe of Minnesota, North Dakota, and Michigan, United States, as well
as Ontario, Canada.
Muskogeans
Siouans
Caddoans
39
Southern Plains villagers of Western Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Southeastern Colorado.
California
Yuman-Cochimi peoples
Delta-Californian peoples
Cocopa (Xawi Kwchawaay): Baja California, Mexico, and Arizona, United States.
Athabaskans
Uto-Aztecans
40
Northern Paiute of California and Nevada, United States.
Great Basin
Northern Paiute.
Southern Paiute.
Pais of Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, United States, as well as Baja California, Mexico.
Southwest
Uto-Aztecan peoples
Chitan peoples
Tarahumaran peoples
41
Tarahumara (Rarmuri-Omug): Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico
Tepiman peoples
Puebloan peoples: Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Texas, United States
Southern Athabascans
Apache of Chihuahua, Coahuilla, and Sonora, Mexico, as well as Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma,
and Texas, United States.
Papago of far Northern Sonora, Mexico, and Southern Arizona, United States.
Mesoamerica
42
Maya peoples
Ch'olan peoples
Ch'orti': El Salvador
Mamean peoples
Ixil: Guatemala
Mam: Guatemala
Q'anjobalan peoples
Chuj: Guatemala
Q'anjob'al: Guatemala
Tojolabal: Guatemala
Qichean peoples
Achi': Guatemala
Kaqchikel: Guatemala
K'iche': Guatemala
Poqomchi': Guatemala
Poqomam: Guatemala
Q'eqchi': Guatemala
Tz'utujil: Guatemala
Yucatecan peoples
Itza: Guatemala
43
Lacandn (Hach Winik): Chiapas, Mexico
Yucatec Maya (Maya proper) (Maya): Yucatn, Quintana Roo and Campeche, Mexico
Mixe-Zoquean peoples
Oto-Manguean peoples
Manguean
Mixtecan
Cuicatec:Oaxaca, Mexico
Oto-Pamean peoples
Popolocan peoples
44
Tlapanec (Me'phaa): Guerrero, Mexico
Zapotecan peoples
Totonacan peoples
Uto-Aztecan peoples
Corachol peoples
Chibchan peoples
Guaymi/Waimi peoples
Bokota: Panama
NgbeBugl: Panama
Guaymi: Panama
Talamanca peoples
45
Pech: Honduras
Votic peoples
Rama: Nicaragua
Choc/Embera-Wounaan peoples
Misumalpan peoples
Sumalpan peoples
Tolupan/Jicaque: Honduras
Garfuna: A mixed Sub-Saharan African (from several peoples) and Amerindian people (mainly from the Island
Caribs - Kalhphona) that traditionally speaks anArawakan language in Belize and Honduras.
Miskito Sambu: A mixed Sub-Saharan African (from several peoples) and Amerindian people (mainly from the
original Miskito) that traditionally speaks Miskito, a Misumalpan language, and also Nicaragua Creole
English in Nicaragua and Honduras.
Black Seminoles: Florida, The Bahamas, and Mexico. (Mixed Seminole and African-American).
Caribbean
The Caribbean, or West Indies, generally includes the island chains of the Caribbean.
Arawakan peoples
Northern
Circum-Caribbean/Ta-Arawakan peoples
Eyeri/Igneri: Lesser Antilles. An Arawak people, may have been the Kalinago/Island
Caribs before caribbeanization. (The Island Caribs had the tradition that the Igneri were the older
people of Lesser Antilles but they could have been ancestors of the majority of Island Caribs).
Island Caribs (Carib/Kalinago/Kalhphona): Lesser Antilles. Often called "Island Caribs" (but may
have been an older arawak people with a caribconquering warrior elite or influenced by Mainland
Caribs. Apparently, the majority of the people spoke an arawakan language and not a carib one.)
46
Tano: Amerindians who originally inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean, they are
of Arawakan descent.
Neo-Tano nations Some scholars distinguish between the Tano and Neo-Tano groups.
Neo-Tano groups were also Amerindians of the Antilles islands, but had distinctive
languages and cultural practices that differed from the High Tano.[21] These groups
include:
Macorix: Hispaniola.
Guanahatabey people: Western Cuba island, a Pre-Arawakan and Pre-Island Carib people of the Caribbean Islands.
South America
South America generally includes all of the continent and islands south of the Isthmus of Panama.
Arawakan peoples
Northern
Ta-Arawakan
Wayuu: Venezuela/Colombia
47
Chibchan peoples
ChibchaMotilon
ChibchaTunebo
U'wa: Colombia
KunaColombian
Chocoan peoples
Guianas
Cariban peoples
Venezuelan Carib
PemngPanare
Pemng
Amazon
Arawakan peoples
Southern
Campa
Ashninka: Peru
Barbacoan peoples
Awan
Bora-Witoto peoples
48
Bora: Colombia/Peru
Cahuapanan peoples
Nukak: Colombia
Panoan peoples
Mainline Panoan
Nawa
Chama
Headwaters
Mayoruna
Mayo
Matis: Brazil/Peru
Matss: Brazil/Peru
Ticuna-Yuri peoples
Tucanoan peoples
Eastern
North
Tukano: Colombia
Western
Napo
49
SionaSecoya
Tupian peoples
Tup-Guaran
Cocama-Omagua
Tapirape: Brazil
Wayamp
Guaj
Eastern Highlands
Charruan peoples
Macro-G peoples
Bororoan
Ofaie
Karaj/Iny: Brazil
Tupian peoples
Tup-Guaran
Guaran (I)
Ache: Paraguay
50
Guaran
Cocama-Omagua
Tapirape: Brazil
Wayamp
Guaj
Gran Chaco
Mascoian peoples
Enxet: Paraguay
Matacoan peoples
Zamucoan peoples
Andes
Aymaran peoples
Aymara: Peru/Bolivia/Chile
Nasa: Colombia
Quechuan peoples
Quechua (Nunakuna/Runakuna/Kichwa/Inga)
Southern Cone
Araucanian peoples
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Yaghan (Ymana): Far Southern Chile
Circumpolar
Circumpolar peoples is an umbrella term for the various indigenous peoples of the Arctic. List of peoples by ethnolinguistic grouping:
"Paleosiberian"
Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Tungusic
EskimoAleut
Eskimo/Yupik-Inuit
Yupik: Alaska, United States and the Russian Far East, Siberia
Inuit: Greenland, Northern Canada (Nunavut and Northwest Territories), Alaska, United States
Inupiat (Iupiat): Alaska's Arctic and North Slope boroughs and the Bering Straits
Turkic
Northeast Turks
Uralic
52
Finno-Ugric
Sami (Smi/Saami), formerly known by the exonym Lapps: Northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Kola
Peninsula in Russia
Samoyedic peoples
Northern Samoyedic peoples: West Siberia and Far Northern European Russia
Nenets (Neney Neneche): Far Northern Western Siberia and Far Northern European Russia
See also
Wikimedia Commons
has media related
to Indigenous people.
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Center for World Indigenous Studies
Indigenous archaeology
Indigenous Dialogues
Indigenous (ecology)
Indigenous knowledge
Indigenous language
Indigenous medicine
Indigenous music
Notes
1. Sanders, Douglas (1999). "Indigenous peoples: Issues of definition". International Journal of Cultural
Property. 8 (1): 413. doi:10.1017/S0940739199770591.
2. Ritzer, G., and Ryan, M.J., eds., The Concise Encyclopedia of Sociology, Wiley, 2011, p.313
3. Alia, V., Names and Nunavut: Culture and Identity in Arctic Canada, Berghahn Books, 2008, p.143
6. "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples Philippines: Overview, 2007", UNHCR | Refworld.
54
7. Hanihara, T (1992). "Negritos, Australian Aborigines, and the proto-sundadont dental pattern: The basic
populations in East Asia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 88 (2): 183
96. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330880206.PMID 1605316.
8. Unrepresented Nations and People Organization | UNPO, Assyrians the Indigenous People of Iraq [1]
11. Mark Smith in "The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel" states "Despite the long
regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now
casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and
Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 1200 1000 BC). The record would suggest that the Israelite culture largely overlapped
with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. Given the information
available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Israelites for the Iron I period." (pp. 67).
Smith, Mark (2002) "The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel" (Eerdman's)
12. Rendsberg, Gary (2008). "Israel without the Bible". In Frederick E. Greenspahn. The Hebrew Bible: New Insights
and Scholarship. NYU Press, pp. 35
14. http://www.khazaria.com/genetics/abstracts.html
15. http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1003316
16. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7303/full/nature09103.html
17. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2010/06/tracing-roots-jewishness
18. The UN Refugee Agency | UNHCR, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples [2]
19. Department of Evolutionary Biology at University of Tartu Estonian Biocentre | Reconstruction of Patrilineages and
Matrilineages of Samaritans and Other Israeli Populations From Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence
Variation, Molecular Anthropology Group [3]
20. [4]
References
Kipuri, Naomi (2007), "Kenya", in Sille Stidsen (compilation and ed.), The Indigenous World 2007 (PDF online edition), International
Work Group for Indigenous Affairs yearbooks (ISSN 1024-0217), Marianne Wiben Jensen (Horn of Africa and East Africa
regional ed.), Copenhagen: IWGIA, distributed by Transaction Publishers, pp. 468476, ISBN 978-87-91563-23-
2, OCLC 30981676
Minority Rights Group International (1997), World Directory of Minorities, London, UK: Minority Rights Group
International, ISBN 978-1-873194-36-2
Rouse, Irving (1992), The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People who greeted Columbus, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University
Press, ISBN 0-300-05181-6, OCLC 24469325
Tubb, Jonathan N. (1998). Canaanites. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3108-X.
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site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation,
Inc., a non-profit organization.
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