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The

Practice of Management

[]F.Peter F.Drucker

ISBN978-111-28074-3

2009

+ 86-10-68995265

service@bbbvip.com

www.bbbvip.com

@bbb-vip


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19 IBM
IBM

20




21





22





23




24

25



26


27






28






29




(19092005)

130

19091931
1937


IBM

2038

30600

72002620

20802004

2005111195

60

1999118

1954

90%

1954

40

1954116

1985

2000929


2001954
20051128

1973

36power(authority)


2004101,21CEO

CEO
CEO
CEO

2002620

92

1954

18

21

50
1946
19541964


196419731980

2001

50
819978
,SA8000(Social Accountability 8000)SA8000
SA8000

200611

100
20

1954116"management"
20


20

IBM

19541946
(Concept of the Corporation,New York:John Day)(Chester
I.Barnard)The Functions of the Executive,Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University
Press1938

Mary Parker Follett2020301941


(Dynamic Administration,New York:Harper & Brothers)

(Elton Mayo)19331945
(The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization
New York:Macmillan)

(The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilization, Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press)

(Henry Fayol)(Industrial and General


Administration,London,England:Pitman)19161930

(Frederick W.Taylor)(Scientific Management,New York:Harper & Brothers)


1911


28

13

30

10

1942Future
of Industrial Man

1943
19451946


(Managing for Results,1964)(The Effective
Executive,1966)
(Management:Tasks,Responsibilities,Practices,1973)

(Managing in Turbulent Times,1980)

30

1985
1

1952

20

Jonathan Swift250

1950
1880

"management"
1"management"

"management"
"management"

20

Henry
Gantt 2020


19

Sir John Fortescue

1012
5


50
1550
190010
1012

(time-squeeze)


2030



98

20

20
20

T.V.

Emmet Jeuck
Catalogues and Counters:a History of SearsRoebuck & Co.Chicago:University of Chicago Press
1950

20

1018951905

20


19035

2020
E.

2020

25

T.V.


1015

2030



700

2030

20202030

30

1954T.V.

20
40

50

5025


Managerial Economics(New York:Prentice-Hall,1951),page 28.

Cyrus McCormick

1850
50

190050

10

1952

18

Simon
Kuznets

2/3

190010058

1520
50

(The New Society (New


York:Harper & Bros.,1950)page 52)

(Theodore N.Vail)50

101905


10


4000

(Packard Motor Car Company)


12

2030

25
5

510


1943

1950

1949

20

4/5

7
8

25

1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

6.

7.

600200

1218

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


25

10


103/4

1000

1.

2.

Crown-Zellerbach

50
2000

50

Joel Dean(
Capital BudgetingNew YorkColumbia University Press1951
Measuring the Productivity of Capital19541
)


(New SocietyNew YorkHarper&Bros.1950
4)


25
25


(Most effectively in the Harvard Business Review article
mentioned above.)

25
25
401225

4050
20

25

1.511.3311.251

(Leif Erickson)


1920119501

13

(New
Society)

1520

50

10
1951

200
9105

(Nicholas Dreystadt)

10

19441945

25


1520

192919321937
19388


19371943

1943

1937

20

1944

1015
20

1.

2.

1.

2.


40

1034004060
12001/3
220010

2200
440
11
5

5060


3618


3/4

20

50


10


2050


200
1750


20501/10


1020301965
11

10

5000

1015


Allan Nevins
FordNew YorkScribners19541915

15
10

20202/315
20
15

(Edsel Ford)
20


1/6

10

Harry Bennett


18

secretary


15
1/3
10


Henry
Ford1944

Ernest R.Breech

150

15

The Concept of the CorporationNew YorkJohn Day,1946

10

11

200

15 000
50


10


20

15
25

1 0000.1


125 000

3/4

12

Dr.H.H.Race

68

100

James C.Worthy

14

William
B.Given,Bottom-up Management,(New York:Harper & Brothers,1949 ).


IBM

13

Lord Beveridge

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

40

Pitt20


50 00075 000
5

2050
1929

Aeschylus525456
Xenophon431350
(Kyropaidaia)3000

14

2001000

25

52


20001000400

41


24

(Professor Sune Carlsson)

Executive Behavior(Stockholm:Stromberg,1952)
12
1220

Rolf NordlingIn his speech accepting the


1954 Wallace Clark Award for Distinguished Contribution to Scientific Management ,given before the
Council for International Progress in Management (USA) on January 13,1954.


90


1520


An entertaining and shrewd
description of the typical process is given in Cameron Hawley's best-selling novel Executive Suite.It is
realistic except that there are perhaps fewer happy endings in actual business life.

(Ralph J.Cordiner)1953

20

20
40

14
14

2020

James Couzents


19544

210
75%90%10
2.55

Mr.Donaldson Brown

Mr.Swope(Mr.Young)

29


Merck Company

15


15

10
50

1050

1/101/5
9/10


5
5

510


5510
15

16

17

4002050

51015

11

26

3/4

11

17

1225
5
85


20201929

1946
Under the title Concept of the Corporation (New York:John Day,1946).


101923
1920

1.

2.

3.

100
30

4.


1/31/31/35

5
5

20

1/520
1930

5.


5050
4020


1000

50

1.

2.


10001200


200
50

3.

4.

5.


3/4

40
4020

518

15

10

20

18


30300
30003

200

200

7500

757500

Hudson Motor Car CompanyNash-


Kelvinator
3

2030


10102030

1517

Walter P.
Chrysler)

180

21

20


56

20


259000

27

4000

1945


14


20

27

19IBM

IBM

IBM

IBMIBM
Charles R.WalkerF. L. W. RichardsonHuman Relations in an Expanding Company (New
Haven:Yale University Press,1948).IBM

IBM
IBM


IBM
IBM
IBMIBM

IBMIBMJ.Thomas J. Watson

IBM
IBM

IBMIBM

IBM

IBM

IBMIBM

IBM

IBMIBM

IBM1936

IBM

IBM

IBM
1936
IBM


IBM

IBMIBM
IBM
IBM
IBM2030IBM

IBM

IBM20
30
IBM

IBM

IBM
IBM

IBM
20

"Productivity Is an
Attitude"in the April,1952Nations Business

IBM


The New Society(New York:Harper & Brothers,1950)"The Employee Society"
American Journal of Sociology ,January,1953.

L.

15

21

20
"c.a.t."

2300


3520
20

Thomas
Spates2020


26
1928

Douglas McGregor
,Line Management's Responsibility for Human
Relations (American Management Association,Manufacturing Series Number 213,New York,1953)
Douglas McGregor

90
Personnel Administration by Paul Pigors and Charles A.Myers (New
York:McGraw-Hill,1947).
321
301


2030

10
50
IBM


1885


1918901920

30

Harry Hopf

1912Reprinted in Scientific
Management by Frederick Winslow Taylor (a collection of Tayor's most important papers); New
York:Harper & Brothers (latest edition 1947).


3500

24
catcat
catc-a-t


c-a-tcat

19


IBM


500500

IBM

"cat"

20

The Man on the Assembly Line by Charles R.Walker and Robert H. Guest
(Gambridge,Mass.: Harvard University Press,1952).
Joseph
M.JuranIBM

20

22

9030

50

50

Alexander Fleming


IBM

80

"A"1000998

39

302/3

IBM

1/3

IBM

39


30
20

25

IBM46


2030
10
R.As reported in The Man on the Assembly Line
(Cambridge,Mass.,Harvard University Press,1952).

IBM
IBMIBM

9030
9030


90


672
1/4
23

70

IBM
IBM

25

19531114

60

303

1928


25010001500

30

Walter Reuther


20

24

The New Society,page 232 ff.

51945
1946


19541Personnel
Resistoflex Corporation


19371938

1/31/312
80

1/312
10


IBM

100

10
25100

1020

Alexander R.HeronNo Sale,No JobNew


YorkHarper & Brothers1954

2030IBM

25

4000


1880


"Vorarbeiter""charge hand"

2020
3060
2025


"ctivities and Behaviors of Production Supervisors"Report No.946,Personnel Research
Section,PR & P Branch,The Adjutant Generals Office,Department of the Army,Washington,D.C.,1952.
41

IBM
IBM


IBM

1/3
IBM

IBM

IBMIBM

10


IBM
IBM

IBM

IBM

26

19525/6)

50

1.

10
10

2.

3.

4.

5.

27

100
5


15

1.5

28

10


18

10

10

16

24

1/5

20
20
21

1.

2.

3.

4.

29


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

16


10

10

1900

1/5

2030

4
2050

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19

20
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