Archimedean property

it is the property of having no infinitely large or infinitely small elements.

Infimum and supremum

Infimum of a subset S of a partially ordered set T is the greatest element in T that is less than or equal to all
elements of S, if such an element exists. Consequently, the term greatest lower bound (abbreviated as GLB).

Supremum of a subset S of a partially ordered set T is the least element in T that is greater than or equal to all
elements of S, if such an element exists. Consequently, the supremum is also referred to as the least upper bound (or
LUB).

a symmetric matrix is a square matrix that is equal to its transpose. ... Because equal matrices have
equal dimensions, only squarematrices can be symmetric.

Singular Matrix. A square matrix that does not have a matrix inverse. A matrix issingular iff its
determinant is 0.

The Mean Value Theorem is one of the most important theoretical tools in Calculus. It states
that if f(x) is defined and continuous on the interval [a,b] and differentiable on (a,b), then there
is at least one number c in the interval (a,b) (that is a < c < b) such that

The special case, when f(a) = f(b) is known as Rolle's Theorem. In this case, we have f '(c)
=0. In other words, there exists a point in the interval (a,b) which has a horizontal tangent. In
fact, the Mean Value Theorem can be stated also in terms of slopes. Indeed, the number

The integral as the area of a region under a curve. A sequence of Riemann sums over a regular
partition of an interval. The number on top is the total area of the rectangles, which converges to
the integral of the function.

In mathematics, more specifically in multivariable calculus, theimplicit function theorem is a tool that
allows relations to be converted to functions of several real variables. It does so by representing the
relation as the graph of a function.
partial derivative
a derivative of a function of two or more variables with respect to one variable, the other(s) being treated as
constant.
In mathematics, a metric space is a set for which distances between all members of the set are defined.
Those distances, taken together, are called a metric on the set. A metric on aspace induces topological
properties like open and closed sets, which lead to the study of more abstract topological spaces.
normed linear space
The generalization of these three properties to more abstract vector spaces leads to the notion of norm.
A vector space on which a norm is defined is then called anormed space or normed vector
space. Normed vector spaces are central to the study of linear algebra and functional analysis.

Limit inferior is also called infimum limit, liminf, inferior limit, lower limit, or inner limit; limit
superior is also known as supremum limit, limit supremum, limsup, superior limit, upper limit, or
outer limit

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Many problems present themselves in terms of an eigenvalue problem:
Av=v
In this equation A is an n-by-n matrix, v is a non-zero n-by-1 vector and is a scalar
(which may be either real or complex). Any value of for which this equation has a
solution is known as an eigenvalue of the matrix A. It is sometimes also called the
characteristic value. The vector, v, which corresponds to this value is called an
eigenvector. The eigenvalue problem can be rewritten as
Av-v=0
Av-Iv=0
(A-I)v=0
If v is non-zero, this equation will only have a solution if
|A-I|=0

Inferential statistics deals with Making conclusion and generalization about population from sample data
If you have -ve Z-Score, it will be below the mean TRUE
Conditional Probability: The probability of falling down stairs
Sampling Distributions: used to calculate confidence intervals.
A sample mean is a POINT estimate.
Error bar charts is type of graph used for confidence intervals.
Sample Distribution tends to be NORMAL
Larger the confidence intervals LONGER the line is through the mean.

In order theory, a Hasse diagram is a type of mathematical diagram used to represent a finite partially
ordered set, in the form of a drawing of its transitive reduction.

A self-complemented, distributive lattice is called Boolean algebra

In mathematics too, probability indicates the same the likelihood of the occurrence
of an event.

Conditional probability
Conditional probability is calculating the probability of an event given that another
event has already occured .
The formula for conditional probability P(A|B), read as P(A given B) is
P(A|B) = P (A and B) / P(B)

Compound probability
Compound probability is when the problem statement asks for the likelihood of the
occurrence of more than one outcome.

Formula for compound probability

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A and B)
where A and B are any two events.
P(A or B) is the probability of the occurrence of atleast one of the events.
P(A and B) is the probability of the occurrence of both A and B at the same time.

Mutually exclusive events:

Mutually exclusive events are those where the occurrence of one indicates the non-
occurrence of the other
OR
When two events cannot occur at the same time, they are considered mutually
exclusive.

Note: For a mutually exclusive event, P(A and B) = 0.