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ABSTRACT- The present investigation on the impact of fungicides on the growth and development of Spodoptera litura
was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, SKUAST- Jammu, during the year 2012-13. Base-line
toxicity of two fungicides viz., mancozeb and ridomil MZ were evaluated against S. litura in the laboratory. The results
showed that fungicides significantly influenced the growth and development of S. litura. The larval development duration
was significantly short, and it was an average (14.61 0.30), (16.280.66) days, when treated with ridomil, and mancozeb
respectively. The results show that fungicides can serve a practical tool to reduce the S.litura and may assume a greater
role in integrated programs showed to manage insect pests and pathogens.
Key-words- Spodoptera litura, Fungicides, Bioassay, Growth and development
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INTRODUCTION
Spodoptera litura Fabricius commonly known as tobacco Therefore, keeping the things in view, the present studies
caterpillar is a polyphagous pest and cause considerable were contemplated to explore the possibilities of fungicides
damage to soybean, cotton and vegetables [1-3]. Use of against tobacco caterpillar, S. litura to reduce pesticide
insecticides for controlling this pest is on the rise and it has load.
the ability to develop resistance to many insecticides [4-5].
Further, various pesticides viz., herbicides, fungicides have MATERIALS AND METHODS
been reported to have detrimental effects on different The larvae and egg patches of S. litura were collected from
aspects of a life cycle of the S. litura [6-7]. castor plant and reared in laboratory at the Department of
In addition, to understand the influence of fungicides on Entomology, SKUAST- Jammu, J&K, India. The bioassays
expression of resistance in plants against insects, it is also were kept at a temperature of 262oC, 60-705% relative
essential to complete a database on the direct and indirect humidity and 16:8 (Light: Dark) photoperiod. These
effect of fungicides on insect pests [6]. Therefore, it is laboratory-reared larvae were used for bioassays and the
essential to know the role of fungicides on the cultures were maintained throughout the study period.
developmental profile of Spodoptera litura. Such Castor leaves were collected from unsprayed plants,
observations will help to understand the shifts in insect pest washed and air-dried and made 5 cm diameter leaf discs
population on a crop influenced by these fungicides. with the help of a leaf cutter. A stock solution of each
Information on this interesting area of pest management is tested fungicide was made from the available formulation
scanty. and different concentrations were prepared. The leaf disc
was dipped in each concentration for 20 seconds [7-8] and
Access this article online allowed to dry at ambient temperature for about 15-20 min
Quick Response Code in a fume hood. Air- dried leaf discs were then placed in
Website: individual plastic petri dishes (5 cm diameter) containing
www.ijlssr.com moistened filter paper. Each treatment (concentration)
including controls was replicated three times. Ten larvae of
S. litura (2nd instar), of uniform age, were exposed to
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.2.5
different concentrations. The larvae were fed on treated
leaves for 48 hrs, thereafter fresh leaves were provided ad
libitum. Observations were recorded on larval period, pupal
period, adult emergence, for all test chemicals. From these
observations, growth index and success index were also
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Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., VOL 3, ISSUE 2
125 2.660 2.660.3 3.00 2.330 3.660 14.33 8.660.2 60.005.7 60.005.77 2.720. 0.550.04a
.33a 3ab 0.00a .33ab .33b 0.33b 8b 7b b 27c
250 4.000 3.000.0 3.00 2.660 3.660 16.33 9.260.6 46.666.6 46.666.66 1.850. 0.800.04b
.00bc 0b 0.33a .33ab .33b 0.33c 3b 6ab ab 26b
500 5.000 3.000.0 3.66 2.660 3.660 18.00 10.700. 46.663.3 46.663.33 1.630. 0.620.04a
.57c 0b 0.33a .33ab .33ab 1.15cd 20c 3ab ab 16ab b
1000 4.660 4.000.5 3.00 3.660 4.330 19.33 11.130. 33.333.3 33.333.33 1.090. 0.540.04a
.66c 7bc 0.00a .33bc .33bc 0.88de 18c 3a a 14a
2000 4.330 3.330.3 3.66 4.000 5.000 20.33 12.760. 30.0011. 30.0011.5 0.910. 0.470.08a
.33 3c 0.33a .33c .57c 0.33e 12d 54a 4a 35a
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Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., VOL 3, ISSUE 2
Ridomil MZ
The insecticidal activity of ridomil MZ was directly A significant decrease in pupal percentage (10.00+ 5.77%)
proportional to the concentration of the fungicide (Table 2). at 1000ppm compared with control (86.66+ 3.33%) was
This fungicide did not affect the growth and development recorded. The increase in fungicide concentration showed
of S. litura larvae except at higher concentrations. The the marked decrease in adult emergence indicating a
larval duration and its mortality increased with increase in significant correlation between adult emergence (%) and
the level of fungicide. The result revealed that larval concentration. The adult emergence ranged from
duration was significantly prolonged for all larval stages, 6.66+ 3.33 to 53.33+ 3.33 percent at 1000 and 31.25ppm
the maximum prolongation (17.00+ 0.57 days) being concentration. At all the concentrations, adult emergence
recorded at 200ppm till pupation comparing with occurred in all those insects pupated. The growth and
13.33+ 0.33 days for control larvae. A significant reduction success indices indicated that diets fortified with fungicides
in pupal duration and the pupal percentage was recorded have some detrimental effect on the growth and
when larvae reared at 200ppm as compared with other development of S. litura. Nasreen et al. [15] assessed the
treatments. No significant difference in the pupal duration toxicity level of some fungicides against Chrysoperla
was observed at a concentration of 31.25, 62.50, and carnea (Stephens) larvae and reported that Ridomil caused
125ppm. Significantly increased pupal duration (15.33+ 4.44 % mortality of 1st and 3rd instars larvae after 24 and 72
0.33 days) was recorded at 1000ppm as comparison with hrs. The lowest pupation rate (89.32 %), adult emergence,
those recorded at lower concentrations including control the longevity of adults and fecundity was recorded in
(9.66+ 0.33). ridomil treated larvae.
Table 2: Effect of ridomil MZ on the developmental behavior of different instar of Spodoptera litura
Conc. 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Larval Pupal Pupation Adult Growth Success
(ppm) instar instar instar instar instar period period (%) emergence index index
(days) (days) (%) (G.I) (S.I.)
Control 3.00 2.330 2.330 2.670 3.000 13.330 9.660. 86.663.3 86.663.33d 3.760. 1.000.
0.00a .33ab .33 .33ab .00b .33a 33a 3c 14d 00c
31.25 2.67 2.670 2.670 2.670 3.000 14.330 10.000 53.333.3 53.333.33c 2.180. 0.630.
0.33a .33ab .33a .33ab .00b .33ab .57ab 3b 10c 09ab
62.5 3.33 2.330 2.332 3.000 2.330 13.670 10.330 33.336.6 30.005.77b 1.250. 0.490.
0.33a .33ab .67a .00b .33a .67a .33ab 6ab 25b 04a
125 3.67 2.000 2.670 3.330 2.670 14.000 10.660 26.668.8 23.333.33b 1.020. 0.700.
0.33a .00a .33a .33b .33b .57a .66ab 1ab 23b 03b
250 3.33 3.000 3.330 2.000 2.670 14.330 11.330 23.333.3 23.333.33 0.730. 0.570.
0.33a .57ab .67a .00a .33b .33ab .33b 3ab 39ab 01ab
500 3.33 3.330 3.670 3.000 2.330 15.670 13.000 23.333.3 16.668.81a 0.670. 0.670.
0.33a .33b .33a .00b .33a .33bc .57c 3ab 21ab 05b
1000 5.00 2.670 3.670 2.670 3.330 17.000 15.330 10.005.7 6.663.33 0.200. 0.490.
0.57b .33ab .33a .33ab .33b .57c .33d 7a 10a 04a
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