Tower

Elizabeth Evers

Justine Hickey

9C GAT

Scot Acre

6-1-15
Introduction:
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Dear Mrs. Copeland,

When you think of tower many images may flash through your head. You may

see the Eiffel Tower, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, or many other iconic towers. But since

you picked TowerTec to build your custom tower my business partner Elizabeth and I

want you to imagine one of our custom towers, specifically the underwater themed

tower you requested. Since you are such a high priority client, Elizabeth and I will be

handling all of your specific dimensions, math, and the construction of your tower. We

will now in detail go over all of the specifics of your tower so you can better understand

the method to our madness. If you have any further questions please e-mail us at

TowerTec@build.com. Once more thank you for picking our company for your tower

needs.

Area of Base Polygons:

The first thing we must do to start your tower is find the best way to maximize the

plot of 23 by 23 with our 14 sided polygon. But since the city we are building in requires

any structure must be at least 3 feet away from any property lines it becomes a little

more difficult. So we now took 23 and subtracted 6 from it to get out new plot size of 17

by 17. Now to maximize the plot, we started in the exact center of it and went until we

hit a side, but since we have a hexagonal polygon we had to make sure the other sides

did not touch the property lines. The next steps are finding the central angle of the 14-

gon, the length of of one side and the height of the triangle used to find area. Then we

must find the area of every polygon to help with any further calculations.
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Figure 1. Plots and Polygons

The figure above shows all four polygons put together in the base and it also

shows them separated out into their individual polygons. Also each individual polygon is

1 foot smaller than the previous one.

Central angle of any polygon= 360/number of sides

=360/14
=25.71
Figure 2. Finding the Central Angle

Now that we found the interior angle of the 14-gon to be 25.71

Area of Polygon 1:

Finding the area of polygon one is done by creating a triangle inside of the

polygon like the ones seen above in figure 1. Next you drop a height down the middle

and label it Y then label the other legX the full base will be 2X. Then label the

hypotenuse 8.5 because if you divide 17 by 2 you will get 8.5. Also label the half

angle 12.86 since that is 25.71 divided by two.

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cos(12.86)=X/8.5
8.5*cos(12.86)=X/8.5*8.5
8.5*cos(12.86)=X
1.82=X

2X=One side of polygon

2*1.82=3.78
Figure 3. One Side of Polygon 1

Now to find the height of this triangle we must use the hypotenuse and our angle

of 12.86.

sin(12.86)=Y/8.5
8.5*sin(12.86)=Y/8.5*8.5
8.5*sin(12.86)=Y
8.29=Y
Figure 4. Height of Polygon 1

Now with all this new information, you must find the area of the triangle and

multiply it by 14 to get the total area of polygon 1.

Area of Full Polygon=14(1/2*b*h)

=14(1/2*3.78*8.29)
=14(15.67)
=219.44ft2
Figure 5. Area of Polygon 1

We got the overall area of polygon 1 to be 219.44ft 2.

Area of Polygon 2:

Finding the area of polygon 2 is quite similar to finding the area of polygon 1, so

let us get started. Remember the angle remains the same for each triangle. We first

found the height by just subtracting one from the height of polygon 1 because each

polygon is 1 foot smaller than the previous.

Height of Previous Polygon-1=New Height

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8.29-1=7.29
Figure 6. Height of Polygon 2

Now that the height of 7.29 has been found we next found the side length of

polygon 2. This is done by using the basic trig functions.

tan(12.86)=X/7.29
7.29*tan(12.86)=X/7.29*7.29
7.29*tan(12.86)=X
1.66=X

2X=One side of polygon

2*1.66=3.33
Figure 7. Side Length of Polygon 2

Now that we have the height of the helper triangle and its base/side length of

polygon 2, we can now find the area of polygon 2 using the same formula as polygon 1.

Area of Full Polygon=14(1/2*b*h)

=14(1/2*3.66*7.29)
=14(13.24)
=169.67ft2
Figure 8. Area of Polygon 2

We got the overall area of polygon 2 to be 169.67ft 2.

Area of Polygon 3:

Honestly, to find the area of polygon 3 all we had to do was the same thing as

polygon 2 just with the new numbers.

Height of Previous Polygon-1=New Height

7.29-1=6.29
Figure 9. Height of Polygon 3

Now we found the base of our helper triangle using the trig function tangent

(NOT tan). Also remember that angle does not change in any of these polygons.
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tan(12.86)=X/6.29
6.29*tan(12.86)=X/6.29*6.29
6.29*tan(12.86)=X
1.44=X

2X=One side of polygon

2*1.44=2.87
Figure 10. Side Length of Polygon 3

Now we need to find the area using the equation 14(1/2*b*h)= area of polygon.

Area of Full Polygon=14(1/2*b*h)

=14(1/2*2.87*6.29)
=14(9.03)
=127.30ft2
Figure 11. Area of Polygon 3

We got the overall area of polygon 3 to be 127.30ft 2 .

Area of Polygon 4:

Once again finding the area is exactly the same just with the new numbers.

So to start we need to find the height of the helper triangle.

Height of Previous Polygon-1=New Height

6.29-1=5.29
Figure 12. Height of Polygon 4

Now that we have the new height we must find the base of the helper triangle or

the side of the 14-gon. This is once again done by using the trig function tangent.

tan(12.86)=X/5.29
5.29*tan(12.86)=X/5.29*5.29
5.29*tan(12.86)=X
1.22=X
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2X=One side of polygon

2*1.22=2.41
Figure 13. Side Length of Polygon 4

Now it is time to find the area of polygon 4 so it may be used in further

calculation in the construction of your custom tower.

Area of Full Polygon=14(1/2*b*h)

=14(1/2*2.41*5.29)
=14(6.37)
=89.32ft2
Figure 14. Area of Polygon 4

We finally found the area of polygon 4 to be 89.32ft 2. We can now move forward

at this point to the other calculations because we now have the area of our 4 polygons.

Concrete Footings Plexiglas and Water, Oh my!:

To have structurally sound building, a concrete footing is need. The footing has to

be 3.5 feet tall, 3 feet wide and goes around that area between Polygon 1 and 4,

therefore being hollow for the Aquarium.

Figure 15. Concrete Footing

Figure 15, shows what the concrete footing looks like. To find the volume use the

formula v=(area of the base)*height and the area of the base is the (area of polygon 1 -

area of polygon 4).

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Area of base = 219.44 - 89.32 = 130.12

Volume = 130.12 * 3.5
V = 455.42 ft3
Figure 16. Volume of the Concrete Footing

Figure 16, show the math done to come with the volume of the footing to be

455.42 ft3. Now that we determined the volume, the amount of concrete need can be

measured. Concrete comes in a bag, $115 per cubic yard. To determine the price and

number of bags we first need to convert the area from feet to yard so the floor is divided

by 27. Since 16.87 is the amount needed we have to round to 17 bags because it can

be ordered to a specific amount.

$115 per cubic yard = 115x

455.42 (area) / 27 = 16.78 yards
115 * 17 = $1,955
Figure 17. Amount and Price of Concrete

Figure 17, shows the calculations done to get the amount of Concrete needed to

be 17 bags and for the price of $1,955.

Above the footing is the floor which extends over Polygon 4. The floor is 4 inches

thick and made out Plexiglas.

Figure 18. Plexiglas Floor

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Figure 18, shows what the floor looks like. First thing is to find volume of the floor.

The same formula will be used as it was used to find the volume of the footing.

V = Area of Polygon 4 * height

V = 89.32 ft *
= 29.77 ft3
Figure 19. Volume of Floor

Figure 19, show how the floors volume was calculated. is used because the

area is originally in feet while the height is in inches, so it has to converted by 4/12

which simplifies down to , therefore the volume is 29.77 ft 3. Second thing to do is to

find the how much Plexiglas is needed and costs. The Plexiglas is sold $1100 per

48 * 96 * 4.

$1100 per= 52177.60 /18432

= 2.83
$1100 * 3 = $3300
Figure 20. Amount and Price of Plexiglas

Figure 20, shows how the amount and price of the Plexiglas was calculated.

52177.60 is the flooring in inches and 18432 is all the dimensions multiplied together.

Those are divided to get an amount of 2.83. Plexiglas cant be bought specifically by an

amount so 2.83 round to 3 sheets of Plexiglas at the Price of $3300. Lastly the amount

of water in the aquarium can be measured. Only 75% of the tank will be filled with water

so the volume of the tank will be multiplied by .75 to find the volume of just to water

needed.

Volume = (Area of Polygon 4 * height) * .75

V = (89.32 *3.5) * .75
V = 312.62 * .75
V = 234.45 ft3
Figure 21. Volume of Water In Aquarium
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Figure 21, shows the volume of water in the Aquarium. Therefore the volume is

234.45 ft3.

Lateral face of the Outer Prism:

Figure 22. Polygon 3

Figure 22, above, shows polygon three which is base of our outer prism. In this

section we will explain the lateral surface area of the average side and the lateral

surface area of the two sides that contain the door and window.
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Figure 23. Average Side

This is an image of the average side, finding the dimensions for this were rather

basic. The smaller side is 3.33 because that side is touching polygon 3 which has side

lengths of 3.33. Then the side is 6.65 because you asked for the height of the side to

be twice the length of its shorter counterpart.

LSA of One Average Side=b*h

=3.33 * 6.65
=22.13ft2
Figure 24. LSA of Average Side

Figure 24, above, shows that the lateral surface area of a regular side.
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Figure 25. Side With Door

The figure above shows what the side with the door will look like. we now must

find the lateral surface area of the wall surrounding the door.

Area of The Square Door=b*h

=3*5
=15ft2
Figure 26. Area of The Square Door

The first step to this is finding the area of the square part, shown above, which

we will later add to the area of the half 14-gon.

Area of Half 14-gon=7(1/2*b*h)

=7(1/2 * .67 * 1.45)
=3.4ft2
Figure 27. Area of Half 14-gon

Above is how to find the area of the top of the door. You may be wondering why

we used 7 and that because the top is exactly half of the 14-gon.
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Surface Area of Full Door= Square Door + Half 14-gon

=15+3.4
=18.4ft2
Figure 28. Full Door Area

Now that we have the full doors surface area we must subtract it from the

average sides surface area to the lateral surface area.

Wall Area-Door Area=LSA

=22.13-18.4
=3.78ft2
Figure 29. Lateral Surface Area

We got the lateral surface area of the wall with out the door to be 3.78ft 2.

Figure 30. Wall with Window

The figure above is an image of what the wall would look like if it had a window

on it. We now need to find the surface area of the wall not covered by the window.
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Surface Area of Window=14(1/2*b*h)

=14(1/2 * .67 *1.45)
=6.8ft2
Figure 31. Area of Window

The surface area of the window is 6.8ft2. Now that we have that we must subtract

it from the total side to get the lateral surface area of the side.

Area of Average Side-Area of Window=LSA of Side

=22.18-6.8
=15.38ft2
Figure 32. LSA of Side with WIndow

We eventually found the lateral surface area of the wall without the window to be

15.38ft2. For the final step we found the lateral surface area of the outer prism.

Area Without Window + Area Without Door + (12*Area of Average Side)

=15.38+3.78+(12*22.13)
=15.38+3.78+265.56
=284.72ft2
Figure 33. LSA of Whole Outer Prism

Volume of the Inner Base Prism:

The dimensions of the lateral sides are 3.33 ft by 6.65 ft because the height of

the face is twice the side length of Polygon 2, which is 3.33 ft making the height 6.65 ft.
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Figure 34. Lateral Face of Inner Base Prism

Now that the measures of the lateral sides of have been determined the volume

of the inner base prism can be found. This will also be used to find the whole volume of

this wonderful tower. The volume formula (V = area of the base * height)

Figure 35. Base of Inner Base Prism

Volume = (Area of base * height)

V = (126.37 *6.65)
V = 840.22 ft3
Figure 36. Volume of Bottom Part of Tower
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Figure 36, shows what the base of the Inner Base Prism Looks like and figure 35

shows the math that was done to find the volume. The volume on bottom part of the

tower is 840.22 ft3.

Pyramid Top of Outer Pyramid:

Figure 37. Outer Pyramid

Figure 37, above, indicates what the outer parts and measurements of the

pyramid are. The outer height is 9.99 ft because you, the buyer, asked for the height to

be three times the length of one side which is 3.33 ft. Therefore making the height

9.99 ft.

Next, the slant height measure needs to be found. Since the height (9.99 ft done

above) and the other leg (7.29 ft done in Part 2) is known, the Pythagorean Theorem

can be used to find the slant height.

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Pythagorean Theorem = a2 + b2 = c2
9.992 + 7.292 = c2
152.94 = c
12.36 = c
Figure 38. Slant Height of a Lateral Face

Figure 38, shows how the slant height was calculated. The slant height is

12.36 ft.

Lastly the angle measure between the pyramid base and the one lateral face of

the pyramid at the slant height can be found. To find the angle measure a trigonometric

function, tan-1, will be used. Tangent is used because the opposite measure and the

adjacent measure is known but any other trigonometric function could have been used.

Also the angle that is being found is called theta .

= tan-1(9.99/7.29)
= 53.86
Figure 39. Angle Measure

Figure 39, shows how the angle measure was found using a trigonometric

function. This angle is 53.86.

One Lateral Face of the Outer Pyramid:

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Figure 40. Lateral Face of Outer Pyramid

Figure 40, above, shows the lengths and angle measures for a face of the outer

pyramid. We will now explain how to find all of those lengths and angle measures.

Well the base of the pyramid is 3.33 because it is connected to polygon 2 which

has side lengths of 3.33. The height of the triangle is 12.37 feet because that is the

slant height which was previously found in part 6. Now it is time to explain how to find

the angle measures.

Figure 41. Triangle For Finding Angles

In this image the larger angle is and the smaller is 2.

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=tan-1(12.37/1.66)
=82.36
Figure 42. Finding The Angle Measure

In Figure 42, above, uses the trig function inverse tangent to find the angle to be

82.36.

2=180-(90+82.36)
=7.64
Figure 43. Finding The Angle Measure

In Figure 43, above, we used our basic knowledge of geometry to find the

answer to be 7.64 which when doubled to fit the whole triangle it comes out to be

15.28. Now it is time to find the lateral surface area for the one triangle.

Area=1/2*b*h
=1/2 * 3.33 * 12.37
=20.55ft2
Figure 44. Area of One Triangle

The figure above shows the area of one triangle at 20.55ft 2, we now need to find

the total lateral surface area.

Area of All Lateral Faces=14(1/2*b*h)

=14(1/2 * 3.33 * 12.37)
=14(20.55)
=287.71ft2
Figure 45. Area of All Lateral Faces

We got the area of all the lateral faces to be 287.71ft 2.

Pyramid Top of the Inner Pyramid

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Figure 46. Inner and Outer Pyramids

Figure 46, shows what the inner and outer pyramids look like put together. The

height of the inner pyramid is 8.61 because, just like in part 6, you, the buyer, would like

the height to be three times one side length the of the base.

Lastly, the volume of the inner pyramid needs to be found to in order to find the

the volume of your whole tower. The volume formula for a pyramid (v = * area of the

base * height) will be used.

Volume of Pyramid - v = * area of base * height

V = * (126.37) * 8.61
=362.46 ft3
Figure 47. Volume of Inner Pyramid

Figure 47, shows the calculations behind finding the volume of of the top inner

pyramid. The volume is 362.46 ft3

My Tower:
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Figure 48. Full Tower

Figure 48, above, shows the whole tower drawn in the Sketchup program. As you

can see if there are dotted lines for side on the far side of the tower. But, in this section

we will show you the total lateral surface area of the outer tower and the volume of the

whole inner tower.

LSA of Outer Tower= 14(total area of side)+14(total area of all triangles)

=14(22.13)+12(20.55)
=597.53ft2
Figure 49. LSA of Outer Tower

The lateral surface area for the whole tower came out to be 597.53ft 2. As you can

see all the measurements were found previously and just reused.

Volume of Inner Tower=Volume of Inner Base+Volume of Inner Pyramid)

=840.62+362.46
=1203.69ft3
Figure 50. Volume of Inner Tower

The volume of the inner tower came out to be 1203.69ft 3. Also please note again

all the measurements above were previously found they are currently just being reused.

Conclusion:
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Thank you again for picking TowerTec for your tower needs. Your custom

underwater tower will soon be completed. The construction is progressing smoothly and

we hope you enjoy your brand new spacious tower. We are completing the finishing

touches and the decorations. We hope you can stop by on June 1st and look at our final

product. Thank you Mrs. Copeland, you were a pleasure to work with.

Sincerly,

Elizabeth Evers and Justine Hickey