Problems on Modulation

techniques

Quote of the day

Any man who reads too much and uses his
own brain too little falls into lazy habits of
thinking.
Albert Einstein
 Important formulae to solve AM problems
e(t ) Ec cos(c t ) where c 2f c
Em
em (t ) Em cosm t m
Ec
Emax Emin
Emax Ec Em Emin Ec Em m
Emax Emin

E 2c2 2
Bandwidth 2 f m E E
Pc 2 c Pc c for R 1
R 2R 2

E 2c m2 m2 m 2 E 2c m 2
Pt (total ) 1 1 Pc PLSB PUSB Pc
2 2 2 8 4

transmission efficiency
/ 2 Pc

m
m2 2


1 m 2 Pc 2 m 2
2

For an AM, amplitude of modulating signal is 0.5 V and
carrier amplitude is 1V.Find Modulation Index.
Solution: Ec = 1 V and Em = 0.5 V
We know that

Em
m
Ec

0.5
m
1

m 0.5
When the modulation percentage is 75%, an AM transmitter
radiates 10KW Power. How much of this is carrier Power?

Solution: Pt = 10 KW and m=0.75

We know that
Pt (total )
m 2
Pc
Pt (total ) 1 Pc m2
2 1
2

10 103
Pc
0.752 Pc 7.8 103W
1
2

Pc 7.8KW
An AM transmitter radiates 20KW. If the modulation Index is
0.7. Find the carrier Power.(June-July2009(2002 scheme))

Solution: Pt = 20 KW and m=0.7

We know that
Pt (total )
m 2
Pc
Pt (total ) 1 Pc m2
2 1
2

20 103
Pc
0.7 2 Pc 16.064103W
1
2

Pc 16.064KW
 The total Power content of an AM signal is 1000W.
Determine the power being transmitted at carrier
frequency and at each side bands when modulation
percentage is 100%. .(Dec 2014-Jan 2015)
Solution: Pt = 1000 W and m=1
We know that
m2 Pt (total )
Pt (total ) 1 Pc Pc
2 m2
1
1103 2
Pc
12 Pc 666.67W
1
2
1
m2 PUSB PLSB 666.67
PUSB PLSB Pc 4
4
Pc 166.67W
A500W, 100KHz carrier is modulated to a depth of 60% by
modulating frequency of 1KHz. Calculate the total power
transmitted. What are the sideband components of AM
Wave?(Dec Jan 2010(2006 scheme))
Solution: Pc = 500 W, fc =100 KHz, m = 60% = .6 and fm =1 KHz
We know that
m2 0.6 2
Pt (total ) 1 Pc Pt (total ) 1 500
2 2

Pt (total ) 590 W

We know that
fUSB f c f m f LSB f c f m

fUSB 101 KHz f LSB 99 KHz

 A400W, 1MHz carrier is amplitude-modulated with a sinusoidal
signal 0f 2500Hz. The depth of modulation is 75%. Calculate the
sideband frequencies, bandwidth, and power in sidebands and
the total power in modulated wave. (June-July2008(2006 scheme))
Solution: Pc = 400 W, fc =1 MHz, m = 75% = .75 and fm =2.5 KHz
We know that
fUSB fc fm f LSB fc fm BW 2 f m
fUSB 1002.5 KHz f LSB 997.5 KHz BW 2 2.5KHz 5KHz
We know that
m2 0.752
Pt (total ) 1 Pc Pt (total ) 1 400
2 2

Pt (total ) 512.5 W

m2 0.752
PUSB PLSB Pc PUSB PLSB 400 56.25 W
4 4
 A Carrier of 750 W,1MHz is amplitude modulated by sinusoidal
signal of 2 KHz to a depth of 50%. Calculate Bandwidth, Power in
side band and total power transmitted.
Solution: Pc = 750 W, fc =1 MHz, m = 50% = .5 and fm =2 KHz
We know that
fUSB f c f m f LSB f c f m
fUSB 1002 KHz f LSB 998 KHz BW
BW
fUSB
2f LSB
f m 44 KHz
KHz
We know that
m2 0.52
Pt (total ) 1 Pc Pt (total ) 1 750
2 2

Pt (total ) 843.75 W

m2 0.52
PUSB PLSB Pc PUSB PLSB 750 46.875 W
4 4
 Calculate the percentage power saving when one side
band and carrier is suppressed in an AM signal with
modulation index equal to 1.(VTU Model QP-2014)
Solution: m = 1
We know that
m2 3
Pt (total ) 1 Pc Pc Psuppressed Pc PLSB
2 2

m2 1 5
Psuppressed Pc Pc Psuppressed Pc Pc Pc
4 4 4

Psuppressed
Amount of power saved
Ptotal
5
Pc 10
Amount of power saved
4
0.833 83.3%
3
Pc 12 2
 Calculate the percentage power saving when one side
band and carrier is suppressed in an AM signal if
percentage of modulation is 50%.
Solution: m = 0.5
We know that
m2 9
Pt (total ) 1 Pc Pc Psuppressed Pc PLSB
2 8

m2 P 1 17
Psuppressed Pc Pc suppressed Pc Pc Pc
4 16 16

Psuppressed
Amount of power saved
Ptotal
9
Amount of power saved
Pc 9 16

8
0.944 94.4%
17
16 Pc 8 17
A Sinusoidal carrier frequency of 1.2MHz is amplitude modulated by a
sinusoidal voltage of frequency 20KHz resulting in maximum and
minimum modulated carrier amplitude of 110V & 90V respectively.
Calculate
I. frequency of lower and upper side bands
II. unmodulated carrier amplitude
III. Modulation index IV. Amplitude of each side band.
Solution: fc =1.2 MHz, Emax = 110V, Emin = 90V and fm =20 KHz
We know that
fUSB f c f m f LSB f c f m

fUSB 1220 KHz f LSB 1180 KHz

We also know that

Emax Emin Emax Emin E max E min
Ec & Em also m
2 2 E max E min
110 90 110 90 m 110
.90
EEc c 100V
E E 10V
m m m 0 1
2 2 110 90
 An audio frequency signal 10 sin(2500t) is used to amplitude
modulate a carrier of 50 sin(2105t).Calculate. (JAN2015)
I.frequency of side bands IV. Amplitude of each side band.
II. Bandwidth V. Transmission efficiency
III. Modulation index VI. Total power delivered to a load of 600.
Solution: fm =500 Hz , Em = 10V, fc =100 KHz and Ec = 50V.
We know that fUSB f c f m f LSB f c f m BW 2 f m

fUSB 100.5 KHz f LSB 99.5 KHz BW 2 500Hz 1KHz

E 10
We also know that m m m m 0.2 50%
Ec 50 Transmission
mEc 0.2 50 5V Efficiency
Amplitude of side band
2 2 m2
2 eff.
Ec 2 m 2
also carrier power Pc Pc
2500
2.08
2 R 2 600 0.2 2
eff.
m 2
2 0.2 2
and total power Pt 1
Pc Pt 2.125
2 eff. 0.196 1.96%