Rocket

Nile Bank Tle Bright Junior 1101

Objective
To create the rocket from daily life used items and launch it 20 meters away into the target. The rocket should
be well designed in both aerodynamics and decoration. The fuel of the rocket is required to be vinegar and baking
soda reaction with the minimized amount for the best distance covered.
Materials
Vinegar(5%) CH3COOH
Baking Soda NaHCO3
PVC (2 x 4m, 6 x 90degree joint, 2 x 3 cross joint)
Duct Tape
Color Spray (For decoration)
Tissue Paper
Plastic Bottle (Around 1.5 liters)
Stone (Small size for the head)
Cork (Recommended Rubber)
Polypropylene Board
Glue Gun
Methods
Drew the wrapped sketch of our rocket for preparing the materials and design.
Building the rocket
We emptied the bottle and labeled 3 sides for the wings
Wings with length of 15 centimeters and 6 centimeters width, also we used interior angle of 135
degree for parallelogram
We put two pieces of PP board together and wrapped them round with duct tape
Used glue gun to stick the wing to the labelled point. Side would stretch out like an airplane wing. After
the glue was dried, we sticked them with duct tape for strength.
Put some rock on top of the rocket and wrapped with duct tape
Building Launcher
4 meters PVC 2 pipes, 6 90 degrees joints ,and 2 3 cross joints.
How to Launch
Set the launch base into position
Aimed the base into direction we needed
Poured 300 ml of vinegar into the rocket
Created the actual fuel for the experiment
Used two pieces of tissue paper and put overlapped for a little in vertical way
Wrapped to connect and avoid leaking.
Slowly inserted the fuel into the bottle.
Introduction
The rocket is pushed for the length of time that the cork pushes into the ground and then a few more inches
after it comes off. After that there is no more push. So really it is less like a rocket and more like a bullet or a ball
being thrown. Projectiles that dont have their own energy source accelerate only while they are in contact with
their launcher. This is an example of Newtons second law: an object will accelerate according to how much force
is put on it, and when the force is no longer there, it will no longer accelerate. The stomp rocket is going as fast as it
will ever go just as it comes off the end of the tube.
Measurements
Chemical amount from several trials: 300ml of vinegar and 20g of baking soada
At first 230g mass but later minimize to 170g

Linear Motion (Freefall)

Linear Motion doesnt take much impact on this experiment due to existence of air resistance and horizontal
movement.
Newtons Laws of Motion
Newton's First Law of Motion
The rocket was acted on by gravity as the non zero net force so that the rocket didnt fly forever.
Newtons Second Law of Motion
Rocket will accelerate according to how much force is put on it, and when the force is no longer there, it
will no longer accelerate. It cant goes faster than when it accelerates.
For Newton's Third Law of Motion
The reaction gas causes pressure to build inside the soda bottle, eventually pushing the cork from its
mouth. A result of this action is the movement of the soda bottle in the opposite direction.
Projectile
As soon as the cork leaves the rocket it has no more force pushing it up, but gravity is always pulling it down.
Slowing until it stops at the top of its path.
Begins accelerating again toward the ground, this time powered entirely by gravity.
If there were no air resistance on the rocket, the speed of the rocket when it hits the ground would be exactly
what it was when it left the ground on its way up.
If one were to launch this rocket in space where there is no gravity or air, it would accelerate for the length of
the PVC, attain its maximum speed, and then continue on with that speed until hitting something.
The result of these two different vectors of motion is a curved path called a parabola. Everything thrown up
from the earth follows a parabola .
Impulse and Momentum
Energy (Work, Power, KE, PE)
The total energy should be equal in the entire experiment ,but it is not closed system so some of energy leak
out in different forms.
In this experiment, only three types of energy involved: kinetic energy, potential energy and chemical energy.
Kinetic energy, KE = mv2.
We cannot measure the exact velocity of our rocket system so it is impossible to find the total kinetic
energy in joule as the rocket taking it flight.
Potential energy, PE = mgh.
Potential energy is stored inside the rocket while holding its position above the ground.
When the object is on the ground, the total potential energy will be zero.
It is simply meant the amount of energy can be released from this object above the ground if this object
is falling down.
Work
The work done on the body of object is when the object with certain force of F moving in certain distance or D
,so work done is equal to force multiple by distance. However, the force applies on our rocket are different in the
vary of time but we ensure that the greater force of work done would be occurred longer distance as the following
graph.

Power
The power is the rate at which work is done. So the power of the rocket is the work done amount divided the
time interval, which power is difficult to find due to many problems of measurement in each points.
Discussion of Design
Our first rocket had 4 small wings at the end of the bottle.

Our second rocket was built similarly to an aeroplane. We had 2 long wings and stabilizer at the back.

Lastly, we realized unnecessarily of the wings and stabilizer. So we decided to get it out reducing the mass.
Finally, we created torpedo shape of rocket which was very stable and straight. With a circular shape of our rocket
and high force acted on it, the rocket can be able to move straightly through the air as the torpedo cut through the
water and hit the ship.
Data
No. Rocket Mass(g) Baking Soda(g) Vinegar(ml) Angle Distance(m)

1 230.0 25.2 300 40 14

2 172.5 18.4 300 40 13

3 170.1 20.2 250 40 19

4 170.1 20.1 300 40 20

5 170.1 20.1 300 40 0

6 170.1 20.1 300 40 27

7 170.1 20 250 40 19
Analysis of Data
The perfect amount of baking soda is 20 grams and vinegar is around 250 - 300 ml.
Mass is also very important to the distance of the flight.
We decrease the mass of the rocket and it seems to be effective comparing from first and third experiment, 5
meters are added for the total distance.
Not just the reducing mass but the distribution of mass also impacts the lifting process.
At the second time, we reduce all of the head mass and it results in fewer distance because the rocket has
rectangle face and the body is heavy in the end so the wind can easily destroy the flight.

Conclusion
From this experiment in the aspect of physics, the rocket are able to launch and land ,but we have
several mistake in both design of the rocket and calculation so that the flight are not successfully landing on
the target. Many theories are involved in the design, momentum , aerodynamics and projectile for essential
calculation. With more advanced tools and calculation, we can take this experiment furthermore.
Recommendation
- The chemical amount
- The design of aerodynamics
- The arms of basement
- The external factor: wind

- With more advanced tools, the calculation can be finished for entire theories
References
Marie, A. (n.d.). What Is the Equation for the Reaction Between Baking Soda and Vinegar? Retrieved at 21
February 2017, from http://chemistry.about.com/od/madscientistlab/a/fizzypotion.htm

Nasa(n.d.). Newtons Law of Motion. Retrieved at 26 February 2017, from

https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/newton.html

Carasco, J. (2016). Free fall equation. Retrieved at 26 February 2017, from

http://www.introduction-to-physics.com/free-fall-equations.html

thePhysicsClassroom (2016). What is Projectile?. Retrieved at 26 February 2017, from

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/vectors/u3l2a.cfm
 Boundless(2016).Rocket Propulsion, Changing Mass, and Momentum. Retrieved at 26 February 2017, from
https://www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/boundless-physics-textbook/linear-momentum-and-collisions-7/rocke
t-propulsion-71/rocket-propulsion-changing-mass-and-momentum-302-11258/

Philsrocket.org (2016). Physics of Rocket Flight. Retrieved at 26 February 2017, from

http://www.philsrockets.org.uk/physics.pdf
Thank You, Sir!!!