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L-1: Water and Wastewater

Management
River Yamuna

Earlier

Present
A Brief Overview of Delhi
Topographically:
Basin
Delhi has Aravali ridge on its west and Yamuna basin on its
east thereby providing a downward slope

The topography creates a natural drainage system that carries


rain and storm water from the higher elevations of the west to Ridge
the Yamuna River.

The eastern low-lying side of Delhi was originally part of the


flood plain of the River Yamuna and considered uninhabitable.
Today, however, this eastern part, known as the trans-Yamuna
area, houses about 20% of the total population of Delhi.

Slop
e
Drainage System of Yamuna
in Delhi
Status of
Storm water Drains

The open storm water channels or Nalas as they are referred to, carry all
excess storm water runoff from the city to the river.

During the non-monsoon seasons, the Nalas presently carry untreated


domestic waste which makes them foul smelling and dirty.

The city also dumps some solid wastes into these uncared for wasted
spaces, which further compounds the problem.
About 80-90% of water
used by community
becomes wastewater,
which unless properly
collected, conveyed,
treated and properly
disposed off, may
eventually pollute our
precious water
resources and cause
environmental
degradation.
Understanding the Water Pollution Problem
What are the sources of pollution?

Domestic
Industrial
Institutional
..
..

Quantity and Characteristics?

Average, Minimum, Maximum;


Daily, Weekly and Seasonal variations
Typical Wastewater Analysis Results
S.No Parameter # Sampling Site

A B C D E F G H
1 pH 7.18 7.24 6.97 7.22 7.39 7.30 7.27 7.29
2 Total Solids 11570.0 9212.0 11410.0 37490.0 14492.0 12065.0 15220.0 7998.0
3 Total 4530.0 6362.0 8780.0 6180.0 8652.0 7565.0 6980.0 3788.0
Dissolved
Solids
4 Total 7040.0 2850.0 2630.0 31310.0 5840.0 4500.0 8240.0 4210.0
Suspended
Solids
5 Oil & Grease 83.6 66.8 73.6 79.4 31.6 71.2 63.6 68.0
6 Sulphate 131.81 112.43 73.92 105.00 111.39 139.79 128.22 134.18
7 Ammoniacal 31.93 42.02 39.78 20.64 60.51 50.42 59.95 45.38
Nitrogen
8 BOD 380.0 150.0 240.0 230.0 170.0 220.0 70.0 160.0
9 COD 650.0 470.0 330.0 440.0 360.0 360.0 150.0 470.0

# All the parameters are measured in mg/l, except pH.


Tertiary
Storm-water
Flow
Locational Issues
Drains Carry
Primary
Storm-water
Secondary Flow
Storm-water M
Flow
A
Monsoon flow Non-Monsoon flow
I
(Storm Water)
N
Non-monsoon
flow (Wastewater)

Storm Water Waste Water


Management Treatment
D Techniques
R
A
I Pollution

N
Storm water
treatment
measures
Before

After
Natural Purification through
Continuous Pool-refill and Filtration System
An Overview Of Conventional
Raw Wastewater Influent Wastewater Treatment System
Screens
Preliminary Treatment
(Removal of Solids)
Grit
Chamber
Primary Treatment
Preliminary Residuals (Removal of SS)
(e.g. grit, rags, etc.)
Primary Settling Tank
Secondary Treatment
Biological
Primary Sludge Treatment (Attached Growth System)
For System
Disposal
Tertiary Treatment
Wetland (Constructed Wetland)

Disinfection (selective)

Treated Wastewater Effluent


Discharge to receiving Rivers

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