Chapter 7

""""

:
1
2
3

l


(1)

(2)

2

3


(1)
(2)
(3)

(sociobiology)
 (kinship selection)

(selfish gene)

(learning perspective)
(reward)
(self-rewards)

- (empathy-altruism hypothesis)
Batson (1981)
:

(empathy)


Batson et al. (1981)

2 vs.X 2 vs.

(negative-state relief model)

Cialdini (1981)




Batson




(1)
(2)
(3)

(Darley & Latan, 1968)

()(noticing)

Darley Batson1973

i.e.,

(Darley & Latan, 1968)
()(interpreting)

Darley Latan1968


75%
38%


(Darley & Latan, 1968)
() (taking responsibility)

Darley Latan1968


85%

62%
31%

(bystander effect)

(Darley & Latan, 1968)

()(knowing how to help)


()(deciding to help)

(Darley & Latan, 1968)

(ex)

(urban-overload hypothesis)

role
model



Phemister,1987

 (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

()(empathy)

()(moral reasoning)

(altruistic personality)


-
- (belief-in-a-just-word)
- (social responsibility)
- (ego centrism)
- (internal locus of control)

()

(good mood effect)

(mood maintenance hypothesis)

()

(focus)
(self-focused)

 (other-focused)

(1)
(2)

(similar others)
(similar others)






(the person who deserves help)


Weiner (1996)
--(attribution-affect-action theory)

 Pillaging 1981 :-(arousal:
cost-reward model)
arousal


cost analysis

()

( Piliavin & Piliavin, 1972)

: - (arousal: cost-reward model)

direct
intervention


indirect intervention
cognitive
defensesredefine



perceived norms


(equity theory)--



Worchel, 1984a



*

(threat-to-self-esteem model)

Nadler Fisher1986

close othersimilar other
social
comparison


(threat-to-self-esteem model)

Nadler (2003)
(curvilinear relationship)