GRAMMAR

Adverb Clause
Adverb clause merupakan salah satu bentuk dari dependent clause yang dihubungkan oleh kata
penghubung subordinate conjunction.

a. I will sign the contract before you live.

b. Before you live, I will sign the contract.
c. Before You Live. I will sign the contract. (Salah)
You live merupakan adverb clause yang dihubungkan oleh kata before (subordinate
conjunction). Untuk contoh kalimat c salah karena adverb clause (before you live) tidak boleh
berpisah dari kalimat lain. Perhatikan juga pemakaian komanya ketika adverb clause berada di
depan kaliamat.

Berikut kata-kata penghubung subordinate conjunction yang biasa digunakan dalam adverb
clause:
1. Time: when, whenever (kapanpun), while (selagi/ketika), since, after, before, until, as
(selagi), once, as soon as (segera setelah), as/so long as (sepanjang), every time, the next time
dll
a. Mary had wanted to be a nurse since he was young.
b. He maintained his interest in law until he was assassinated.
c. We worked as long as we could.
d. The people danced as the music played.

2. Contrast: although, though, even though, while, whereas dll.

a. Even though the weather is cold, I went swimming.
b. I went swimming although the weather is cold.
c. Paul is rich, while John is poor.
d. Whereas Paul is rich, John is poor.

3. Cause and effect (reason): as, because, since, now that, so that, such that dll.
a. Because I felt so sleepy, I went to bed earlier.
b. As you have already read the reading, you will be able to answer the questions.
c. Now that the semester is over, Im going to rest a few days and then take a trip.
(Karena sekarang
d. It was such nice coffee that I had another cup.
e. The coffee is so hot that I cant drink it.
f. The native spoke so fast that I couldnt understand him.
Perhatikan cara penggunaan kata so that dan such that:
Such + adjective +noun + that
So + adjective/adverb + that

4. Purpose: so (that), in order that, dll.

a. He wrote that memo in order that there would be no misunderstandings.
b. I always bring a book so that I can read it when I have free time.
5. Manner: as, as if, as though, like dll.
a. I will do as I have been instructed.
b. Betty looks as if something is wrong.
c. He acted as if he was the owner.

6. Place: where, wherever, everywhere dll.

a. I will meet you wherever you choose.
b. I have always lived where I was born.
c. Everywhere he goes, people admire him.

7. Condition: if, even if, only if, if only, even if, provided, unless, whether or not,
a. If the salary were high, I would sign the contract.
b. If only I had wings.
c. I will marry her only if she is dead.
d. I cant attend the meeting unless I find a baby-sitter.
e. I wont go swimming whether the weather is nice or not.

Pengertian Adverbial Clause

Adverbial clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai adverb (kata keterangan) dan
memberikan informasi tentang verb, adjective, atau adverb yang berada pada independent
clause dengan kapasitasnya menjawab pertanyaan: how, when, where, why, atau to what degree.

Adverbial clause dimulai dengan suatu kata yang disebut subordinate conjunction (when, after,
because, though, etc). Kata ini berguna untuk menjembatani hubungan dengan independent
clause yang diterangkan. Gabungan klausa ini dengan independent clause dinamakan
dengan complex sentence (kalimat kompleks), yaitu kalimat yang terdiri dari independent dan
satu atau lebih dependent clause.

Macam-macam adverbial clause antara lain: adverbial clause of time (waktu), place (tempat),
cause & effect (sebab & akibat), purpose & result (tujuan & hasil), condition (pengandaian),
contrast/consession (pertentangan), manner (cara), dan reason (alasan).

Contoh Adverbial Clause:

Complex Sentence Keterangan

When he cleaned the kitchen, he found a lot of When= subordinate conjunction;

expired food. When he cleaned the kitchen=
(Dia membersihkan dapur ketika dia menemukan adverbial clause;
banyak makanan kadaluarsa.) he found a lot of expired food=
 independent clause

Rumus Adverbial Clause

Rumus complex sentence dan adverbial clause adalah sebagai berikut.

Complex Sentence:

Independent Clause (S + V +/- )* + Adverbial Clause

Adverbial Clause:

Subordinate Conjunction + S + V +/-

*S + V +/- = predicate

Punctuation (Tanda Baca) pada Adverbial Clause

Adverbial clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian diikuti oleh independent clause.
Sebaliknya, independent clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian diikuti oleh adverbial
clause. Jika berada di awal, diujung klausa ini diberi tanda baca koma.

Contoh Complex Sentence:

Di awal: Because I had free time, I visited your house.

Di akhir: I visited your house because I had free time. (Saya mengunjungi rumahmu
karena saya punya waktu luang.)

Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Adverbial Clause

Fungsi dan contoh kalimat adverbial clause adalah sebagai berikut.

Fungsi Contoh Kalimat Adverbial Keterangan

 Clause

You were sleeping when she verb= were sleeping;

memberikan
arrived. subordinate conjunction= when;
informasi tentang
(Dia tiba ketika kamu sedang adverbial clause= when she
verb
tertidur.) arrived

Her face is fresh because she

adjective= fresh;
always does exercise and eats
memberikan subordinate conjunction=
fruits.
informasi tentang because;
(Wajahnya segar karena dia
adjective adverbial clause= because she
selalu berolahraga dan makan
always does exercise and eats fruits
buah-buahan.)

adverb= fast;
He drove fast in order that he
memberikan subordinate conjunction= in order
could arrive on time.
informasi tentang that;
(Dia mengemudi dengan cepat
adverb adverbial clause= in order that he
agar dia dapat tiba tepat waktu.)
could arrive on time

Pengertian, Jenis dan Contoh -contoh Adverbial Clause

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni
menerangkan kata kerja.
Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata
penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata
penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.
Contoh:
Shut the door before you go out.
You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti
where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh:
 They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
The guard stood where he was positioned.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling
berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti
although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh:
As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi.
Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in
that, dll.
Contoh:
He did as I told him.
You may finish it how you like.
They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan
menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that,
lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:
They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause
jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:
Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Contoh:
The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Contoh:
 He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
Contoh:
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided
to stay indoors.
It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book
that he couldn't put it down.
Contoh:
She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
________________________________________
Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat
digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:
Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact
that the weather was cold)
2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as,
inasmuch as
Contoh:
Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take
in a movie.
Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for
peace are still remote.
3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:
Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.
________________________________________
Catatan:
________________________________________

Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:
1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb
Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan
subjek dari main Clause sama.
Contoh:
1. DAPAT DIRUBAH
While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this
country, Mary has made many friends.
2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH
While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.

7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang
berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in
the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only,
suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh:
If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary
information.
C. Jenis-Jenis Adverb Clause

1. Adverb Clause of Reanson

Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebab atau alasan. Adverb
clause of reason di awali dengan konjungsi (penghubungnya) adalah : as/ since/ because/
whereas/ on the ground that.

Example:
- Is I love you, I can do anything for you.
- Since she has a desire to marry, she discontinued her studing.
- I stopped the work because I was tired.
- Whereas I came late, My father punishet me.
- His teacher punishet him on the grand that, he came late.

2. Adverb Clause of Result

Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan hasil perbuatan atau akibat.
Adverb clause of result di awali dengan konjungsi so that, so + adjective + that, so + adverb +
that, so.

Example:
- Nadhavi was so beautiful that I loved her at first sight.
- He studies so hard that many studienst like him.

3. Adverb Clause of Condition

Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan kondisi. Adverb clause of
condition di awali dengan konjungsi if/ unless/ whether/ provided that and so long as.

Example:
- If you help me, I shall be happy.
- Unless you tell her about your love, she wont know it
- You must do this wheter, you like it or not
- I ean help you provide that you must follow my advice
- So long as you work hard, you have no problem with me

4. Adverb Clause of Contrast

Adverb Clause of Contrast adalah sebuah anak kalimat yang menerangkan bertentangan. Adverb
Clause of Contrast diawali dengan konjungsi: although, eventh ough, though, whet eyer, no
matter, however much, not with standing that.

Example:
a. I still no money although I worked hard
b. Eventhough hehates me, he lend me the bock
c. Though he is rice, he never give me the money
d. Whatever he has done, he is your father
e. No mather what she sald, I still love her
f. She will never succed however much he may try
g. He was not refreshed not with standing that he had spent 2 weeks leave.

Sumber :http://hamikofebria.blogspot.com/2010/11/adverb-clause.html
http://ismailmidi.com/berita-89-adverb-clause.html
Pengertian dan Contoh Adverbial Clause
Pengertian dan Contoh Adverbial Clause Adverbial Clause adalah dependent clause yang
berfungsi sebagai kata keterangan (adverb), yakni menerangkan kata kerja. Kalimat adverbial
clause dimulai dengan subordinatif conjunctions (seperti if, when, because atau altough) dan
biasanya mencakup subjek dan predikat.

Macam-macam dan Contoh Kalimat Adverbial Clause:

Adverb Clause of Time Adverb Clause of Time adalah adverbial clause yang
menyatakan waktu. Untuk menunjukkan adverb clause of time kita bisa menggunakan
subordinating conjunctions, seperti: after, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until,
when, whenever, while.

Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Time:

When I was writing an diary book, my friend came.

Before I read history book, I was read a novel.

The coach met with her players after the game was over.

Adverb Clause of Place Adverb Clause of Place adalah adverbial clause yang
menyatakan tempat, dan dapat menggunakan subordinating conjunction: where,
wherever, anywhere, everywhere.

Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Place:

You may go wherever you want.

Anywhere you go, sports stars are national heroes.

Wherever you are,Ill be able to find you.

Adverb Clause of Reason - Adverb Clause of Reason adalah adverbial clause yang
menyatakan alasan, kita dapat menggunakan subordinating conjunctions: as, because,
since.

Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Reason:

Since its raining so heavily, I cant go out.

Lissa doesnt go to school because she is sick.

He was unable to play in the final games as he had hurt his ankle.
 Adverb Clause of Manner Adverb Clause of Manner adalah adverbial clause yang
menyatakan cara.

Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Manner:

Do as I ask you to do.

Adverb Clause of Contrast / Concession Adverb Clause of Contrast adalah adverbial

clause yang menyatakan perbedaan atau pertentangan. kita dapat menggunakan
subordinating conjunctions: altough, even, though, while, where as untuk menunjukkan
adverb clause of contrast.

Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Contrast:

He is still poor although he has worked so hard.

Even though I dont have much money, I will try to help him.

They won the game, though they didnt really deserve the victory.

Adverb Clause of Condition Adverb Clause of Condition adalah adverbial clause yang
menyatakan syarat, kita dapat menggunakan subordinating conjunctions: if, even if, only
if, unless.

Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Condition

Youll succeed, if you do your best.

If I were a bird, I would fly.

You wont be rich unless you work hard.

You will be comfortable inside the house even if its cold and raining outside.

Adverb Clause of Result Adverb Clause of Result adalah adverbial clause yang
menyatakan akibat.

Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Result:

She is so short that she cant become a stewardess.

She studies so hard that she is successful in her study.

Adverb Clause of Purpose Adverb Clause of Purpose adalah adverbial clause yang
menyatakan tujuan.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Purpose:

Susan takes a computer lesson in order that she can get a job easily.

People eat nutritious food so that they will keep healthy.

Adverb Clause of Comparison Adverb Clause of Comparison adalah adverbial clause

yang menyatakan perbandingan.

Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Comparison:

Johan can speak English as fluently as his teacher.

An elephant is stronger than a rabbit.

ADVERB CLAUSE

Pengertian
Adverb clause adalah anak kalimat yang menjelaskan atau memberi informasi tentang katakerja, kata sifat, dan
kata keterangan dalam kalimat.

Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause

Subject + Be / Verb

Adverb Clause

Mrs. Farida goes to the office

Though
she is still sick

The soldiers keep moving

Although
the weather was worse

That man works hards day and night

In the hope that

he can give goodeducation for his children

That women is so emotional

That
every little thing upsets her

You will meet her

If
you come to the party

ADVERB CLAUSE

Pengertian
Adveb Clause adalah bentuk dari anak kalimat yang dependen. Mereka tidak bisa berdiri sendirisebagai kalimat
dalam bahasa inggris. Mereka harus dihubungkan menjadi independen clause.Ketika adverb clause didahului
dengan independen clause, tanda koma digunakan untukmemisahkan clause, sedangkan ketika adveb clause
kemudian diikuti dengan independenclause, biasanya tidak menggunakan tanda koma.

PENGERTIAN, FUNGSI DAN CONTOH ADVERBIAL

CLAUSE
Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata
kerja. Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata
penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung)
seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.
Contoh:

Shut the door before you go out.

You may begin when(ever) you are ready.

While he was walking home, he saw an accident.

By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.

2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where,
nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh:

They sat down wherever they could find empty seats

The guard stood where he was positioned.

Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling
berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although,
though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh:

Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.

Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.

He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya
dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.
Contoh:

He did as I told him.

 You may finish it how you like.

They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan
kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:

They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.

She bought a book so (that) she could learn English

He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini.
Contoh:

It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. atau It was so hot a day that we decided to
stay indoors.

It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. Atau It was so interesting a book that
he couldn't put it down.

Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan
pola lain, yaitu:
1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:

Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)

Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)

Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact
that the weather was cold)

2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as,
inasmuch as
Contoh:

Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.

Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.

Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for
peace are still remote.
 3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:

Alex failed the test because he didn't study.

Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.

Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.

Catatan:
Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:
1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb
Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari
main Clause sama.
Contoh:
1. DAPAT DIRUBAH

While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep -> While sitting in class, I fell asleep.

While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep -> While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.

Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends -> Since coming to this country,
Mary has made many friends.

2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH

While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.

While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.

7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan.
Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even
that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that),
dll.
Contoh:

If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.

 She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.

Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.

Pengertian Adverb Clause

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan
kata kerja.
Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata
penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:

1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata
penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.
Contoh:
* Shut the door before you go out.
* You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
* While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
* By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
* No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti
where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh:
* They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
* The guard stood where he was positioned.
* Where there is a will, there is a way.
* Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
* Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling
berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti
although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.

Contoh:
* As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
* Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
* Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
* He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi.
Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that,
dll.
Contoh:
* He did as I told him.
* You may finish it how you like.
* They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan
menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest,
in case, dll.
Contoh:
* They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
* She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
* He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
* I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause
jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:
* Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
* It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
* The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
* The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Contoh:
* The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
* I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Contoh:
* He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
* The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
Contoh:
* It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided to
stay indoors.
* It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that
he couldn't put it down.
Contoh:
* She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
* They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
* Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
* This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat
digunakan pola lain, yaitu:

1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:
* Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
* Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
* Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that
the weather was cold)

2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as,
inasmuch as

Contoh:
* Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
* Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
* As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in
a movie.
* Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace
are still remote.

3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.

Contoh:
* Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
* Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
* Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.

Catatan:
Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:

1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).

Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb
Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.

Contoh:

a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.

b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek
dari main Clause sama.
Contoh:
1. DAPAT DIRUBAH
* While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
* While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
* Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this
country, Mary has made many friends.
2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH
* While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
* While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.

7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan.
Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in
even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that),
supposing (that), dll.
Contoh:
* If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
* She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
* Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
* In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
* The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
* We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary
information.