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Skoog, D.A.; West, D.M.; Holler, F.J.; Crouch, F.R. Fundamentals of Analytical
Chemistry, 9th ed,; Brooks/Cole: USA, 2014; pp 305
3. Discuss the basic components of the unknown soda ash sample based
on the volume relationship at the phenolphthalein and methyl orange
endpoints.
Table 1. Components of Soda Ash Based on the Volume of HCl Added Until
Endpoints
The solution is needed to boil before reaching the methyl orange endpoint to
know if it is over titrated or not. If the solution turns red after boiling then it is over
titrated, if it stayed in the range of yellow-orange then the titration is a success.
9. Discuss the cause of carbonate error and its effect on the calculated
values obtained in standardization and sample analysis.