Food Science

Acid & Base Titration lab report

16 January 2016

Group Members

- (Field) Phatsakorn Rodphol 5961175

- (Ing) Ingkarat Wachapatthana 5961118

- (Fahlan) Thanawin Ungkananuchat

5961021

- (Tawan) Samaphoo Assametankul

5961068
Introduction
 Acid is a chemical substance that is corrosive or sour-tasting liquid. Examples
of everyday uses that are acidic are vinegar, coffee, lemon juice, and soda. On
the other hand, base is a chemical substance that is slippery to touch and have a
bitter taste. Common examples of base products used daily are soap, bleach, and
baking soda. The most common method to determine whether a substance is
basic or acidic is using the pH scale. The pH scale is a logarithmic measurement
of the concentration of hydrogen ions. According to the Oxford English
Dictionary (n.d) the p stands for the German word for power, so pH is an
observation for power of hydrogen. The scale ranges from 1 to 14, the less the
number it has, the more hydrogen ion it has. An acidic solution releases
hydrogen ions when it ionizes, therefore it situates in the pH scale below 7.
Whereas, basic solutions, release hydroxide ions when it ionizes, hence it has a
pH above 7. A very strong acid would have a pH of 1, and a very strong base
would have a pH of 14.
Neutralization is the process of mixing a base and an acid to become a
neutral solution. A neutral solution would have a pH of 7. It is neither acidic or
basic. This happens because the number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions
are at an equilibrium. Titration is a common method used to determine the
concentration of base or acid by neutralization. In this method an acidic solution
is poured in an erlenmeyer flask, whereas the basic solution is filled in a buret.
The base is slowly added to the acidic solution to reach a point of equilibrium.
The indicator phenolphthalein is added to the acidic solution to determine the
approximate pH of the solution. If the color is clear, it is considered to be acid.
If the color is pink, then it would be considered as a base. The color for a neutral
solution would be at a light pink. Once the base is dropped into the solution, the
drop turns pink then turns clear since the concentration of acid is still superior.
The base should be cautiously added until the drops stop turing clear and stay
pink; however, one drop could be crucial in shifting a solution off from being a
neutral.

Purpose : To learn on how neutralization works

Materials
- 2 burets
-Erlenmeyer flask
-Phenolphthalein solution - as an indicator
-Safety goggles, gloves, lab coat
-2 ring stands with clamps to hold the burets
-An acid
-A base

Procedure
1. Put on lab coat, gloves, and safety goggles (to be worn throughout
the whole experiment.)
2. Obtain one 50ml buret on a ring stand that is filled with NaOH.
(sodium hydroxide)
3. Obtain two erlenmeyer flasks filled with 15ml different
concentations of vinegar.
4. Add 3-5 drops of the indicator phenolphthalein to the vinegar.
Place the flask under the tip of the buret containing NaOH.
5. Slowly add the NaOH to the vinegar. A pink color appears where
the base first contacts the acid. Swirl the the flask until the color
disappears.
6. Add the base, drop by drop, while swirling after each drop, until
the base turn the solution to a pale pink color(not bright pink) that doesnt
disappear.
7. Record the volumn of the base NaOH used from the buret.
8. Repeat procedure with the other three flasks.
9. Average for each concentration the amount of base required.
Data Table + Observations

Comparison of volume of Base used in Neutralization

Samples Base Used (ml) Average of Base pH value

12.0 ml 8
Sample 1 12.1 ml
12.1 ml 8
14.0 ml 8.5
Sample 2 14.0 ml
14.0 ml 8

Observation

At first, when the NaOH is dropped in the vinegar it turned into pink colour for
a while then disappeared. After repeated many times the pink colour remain
longer before disappearing. Until the last drop the pink colour remained there.
The pH of the solution after titration is is about around 7-8. The sample 2 is
more acidic than sample 1 because it takes more drops to neutralized.

Discussion Question

1.What was the function of the indicator in this experiment? How does it work?
Ans. The function of the indicator is to let the experimenter know when the
solution reaches more of neutralization. The indicator reacted in color changed
to be light pink when arrived approximately 7.5 in pH value.

2.Which sample of vinegar was more concentrated? Explain.

Ans. Sample 2, since more base is added in order to neutralize the sample.
Sample 2 used an addition of base at an average of 14.4 ml, whereas in sample
1, only approximately 12.05 ml added to the solution.

3. If a neutralization reaction produces salt and water, first write the chemical
equation for this experiment. What salt is produced?
Ans. Vinegar (CH3COOH) + Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) = CH3COONa
(Sodium acetate) + H2O.

4. What are some functions of the salt produced in this experiment?

Ans. It is used to add as food seasonings often used to give potato chips a salt
and vinegar flavor. Moreover, it was also used in heating pods and concrete
sealant.

5.The human body has a process for maintaining pH and regulating the amount
of acid and base present in the body. What is this process called and briefly
explain some of its functions and how it works.
Ans. According to our research, the following process is called acid-base
buffering. It resists the change of solution, It uses to help of hydrogen and
hydroxide ions to maintain a pH of 7.4 . Our blood uses the help from the
carbonic acid and the bicarbonate ion. Due to Khan Academy (n.d) when any
acidic substance enters the bloodstream, the bicarbonate ions neutralize the
hydronium ions forming carbonic acid and water. Carbonic acid is already a
component of the buffering system of blood. Thus hydronium ions are removed,
preventing the pH of blood from becoming acidic.On the other hand, when a
basic substance enters the bloodstream, carbonic acid reacts with the hydroxide
ions producing bicarbonate ions and water. Bicarbonate ions are already a
component of the buffer. In this manner, the hydroxide ions are removed from
blood, preventing the pH of blood from becoming basic. This function occurs
in the blood, which the buffer in blood regulates the pH of the blood in order for
the body to function properly.

Conclusion
From working on our experiment, we get to be more familiar with the use of
phenolphthalein with neutralization by using the method of titration. We get to
observe on how a base and acid reacts together contributing to know more on
the function and process of neutralization.

Reference Page
LibreTexts, C. (2013, October 2). Buffers. Retrieved January 24, 2017, from
http://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Acids_and
_Bases/Buffers

Khan academy. Retrieved January 24, 2017, from

https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/chemical-processes/acid-base-
equilibria/a/chemistry-of-buffers-and-buffers-in-blood

4SeneseComments, F., & fsenese @frostburg, questions to. (1997). General

chemistry online: FAQ: Acids and bases: What is pH? Retrieved January 24,
2017, from http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/acidbase/faq/what-is-
pH.shtml

Work Log
-Field - Title Page, Procedure, Discussion Question (2,5).
-Ing - Introduction, Discussion Question (3,4, and 5),APA.
-Tawan - Materials, Discussion Question (1,5), Conclusion, APA.
-Fahlan - Data Table, Observation, Procedure.