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Flat head/closure
Flanged only head
Similar to flat head ri= knuckle radius
but there is a Sf = Straight flange length
gradual change in Do = outer dia of vessel
the shape at the
corner to reduce
the local stress
Formed head and their different sections
(1) Central dished section
(2) Corner torus section and
(3) Straight flange section
Ri>Do
RiDo
ri not less than 3t or 6% of Di
According to IS, ri not less than 10 % of Di and Ri not greater than Do
Application: (1)Pressure range- 0.1 to 1.5 MN/m2
(2) Vertical process vessel at low pressure
(3) Horizontal cylindrical storage tank for volatile fluids like naphtha,
gasoline and kerosene, etc.
(4) Large dia storage tank (where flanged only is not sufficient)
.Contd.
Ellipsoidal head
For standard head:
Major to minor axis ratio 2:1
High pressure
2Ri=Do
.Contd. Conical head
Applications:
Bottom of evaporator, spray
drier, crystallizer, settling
tank, etc
where
Deflection in a dished circular plate
and
Then,
Calculation of stress and thickness
Then,