Mass FX -

Rigid Body Physics Simulation - Dominoes

In this tutorial we will be looking at the use of the new Mass FX physics simulation software in 3DS Max 2012.
Reactor is no longer included in 3DS after the 2012 version, but we did get a new modifier set for Rigid Body Physics.

Perhaps the most simple of physics simulations is the Domino fall! So first we will have to create a box to represent our
dominoes.

On your create tab, under the geometry button, make sure standard primitives is in the dropdown, and create a box. It
does not matter what size for now, we will adjust the settings in a moment to make sure we are all having the same
results. Draw your box in the Top viewport.

Once your box is made, head to the Modify tab to adjust its settings. Match my settings in the below image:

Like many things in 3DS Max, how big you make your object does matter. If your dominoes are the size of a house, they
will probably fall much slower than if they are closer to real domino sizes. For this tutorial, we don't have to make them
perfect ... but I did make mine fairly small so we can get a more realistic result.

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Now, place your box wherever you wish your path of dominoes to start, then with the move tool. Hold shift and drag
along the axis that faces out from the domino on the widest side until you see 2 dominoes, spaced about as far apart as
you would space a real domino so that if the first is tipped over, the second will be struck by the first.

Like this:

When you let go, a Clone Options dialogue box will appear. Make sure to mark "Copy", and then in the Number of copies
field set it to 19, giving us an even 20 dominoes. Then click ok.

Your dominoes should all be evenly spaced apart, and you should have enough of them now to start our physics
experiment.

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Select the very first domino only for now, and look at the top of your 3DS Max screen. To the right of your render
buttons you should see a series of buttons with green gears on them. If you do not see them, don't worry. Simply right
click in the empty space on the bar, and find "Mass FX Toolbar" in the resulting menu. Make sure it is marked with a
check.

If you see this, you are set... if you don't... do the next step.

If you don't have the mass FX toolbar already shown right click in
the empty space in your main toolbar, and find MassFX Toolbar
in the list.

The buttons with the green gears should appear.

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Now, with your very first domino only selected, click and hold the second button from the left in the Mass FX toolbar, to
see the sub selections. This is the Set Selected As button...

There are three kinds of rigid body objects in MassFX. Dynamic, Kinematic, and Static.

Dynamic means they will be reactionary objects... reacting to things like other rigid bodies and gravity.

Kinematic allows us to begin an animation using traditional keyframes and then having things like gravity take over. Like
tipping over the first in a row of dominoes.

Static refers to an unmoving object that can be collided with, but won't react ... like a solid brick wall vs. a baseball.

For our first domino, we will want to select "Set Selected as Kinematic Rigid Body, because we will want to begin with
our own animation of tipping it over. So with the first domino only selected, click the selection like below:

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You will see an orange outline appear around your first domino, this is the rigid body mesh gizmo. We can adjust it's
settings by either going to the Modify tab, or by using the MassFX tools button, which is the first button with a green
gear on the left side.

Note** - If you wish to adjust the settings of more than one rigid body, you must use the Tools button and not the
modify tab.

The MassFX Tools window will open up with 4 tabs for you to adjust settings on.

Notice the first checkbox in the World tab. "Use Ground Plane" We will leave
this checked for this tutorial, but if you wish rigid body objects to fall below the
ground plane 0,0 - X,Y you will have to uncheck this in the future.

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Click The Edit tab.

On the edit tab you will find all of the main settings for your object. With your
first domino still selected go to the Edit tab and check the first settings.

Kinematic should already be selected in the Rigid Body Type

Put a checkmark in the box next to Until Frame, and then change the field to 5.

In Physical Material dropdown menu, we will use a default setting of concrete

for the first dominoe, making it slightly heavier than the rest and giving us a
solid place to start.

You can adjust these settings like Mass and Density and Bounciness yourself if
you leave None in the dropdown menu, or click the unlock button. The preset
will do us fine this time.

Then Scroll down to view the rest of the Edit Tab settings.

In the Physical Mesh settings, choose Box from the dropdown menu. We choose
box simply because all we are animating are simple boxes. In the future a setting
like Original or Composite may work better if you are animating complex 3D
models.

Original will use the exact polygons as the rigid body cage, and Composite will
attempt to build one that surrounds it for instance.

Box will work just fine for us this time, and not require extra calculations.
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We are finished adjusting the settings for our first domino. Lets animate it tipping over slightly from frame 0 to 5.

With your first domino selected, click your Auto Key button at the bottom of the timeline to turn it on.

Then move your timeline slider to frame 5, and with your rotate tool, simply rotate the domino until it looks like it is just
about to hit the next one in line.

When yours looks like mine, click the Auto Key button again to turn it off. The red on your screen will vanish.

If you do not understand how creating a keyframe works, please go back and try a more basic animation tutorial first.

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Now that we have animated our first domino, we will make the rest of our dominoes reactionary. If you remember that
means we are going to make all the remaining dominoes "Dynamic Rigid Bodies".

Select all the other domino boxes in your scene.

Then using the same button as before, the set selected as button in the MassFX Toolbar, select "Set Selected as Dynamic
Rigid Bodies"

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The remainder of your dominoes will be added to the simulation. Now back in the Mass FX Tools window, notice that
the rigid body type is now set to Dynamic. This means the other dominoes will react to the first one and to gravity, but
our Until Keyframe options are grayed out. No pre animation when using Dynamic rigid bodies.

In the Physical Material Preset dropdown menu, select Cardboard. This will make the rest of the dominoes lighter and
they should react nicely to our heavier first domino.

Scroll down in the Tools dialogue, to see the rest of the Edit tab settings and select
Box from the dropdown...

In the Physical Mesh dropdown, once again Box will work fine for us this time.

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That should do it for our settings, all that's left is to Bake our animation.

Baking an animation means we are going to convert the simulators movements into keyframes. It requires calculating
the simulation only once ... rather than each time you hit play or scrub across the timeline.

In your MassFX Tools dialogue menu, go to the Tools tab now.

On the Tools Tab, we have our Simulation buttons. You can use the play buttons to
see a test run of your animation... but in the end you will want to click the Bake All
button.

If you simulation does not look the way you want, simply hit the Unbake All button
and adjust your settings before trying again.

Your default timeline of 100 frames may not be enough to knock them all down, if that is the case simply click the
Unbake All button and extend your timeline... other than that, you should have a fully animated physics simulation of
dominoes falling down in order. Mine took about 175 frames to get them all down.

http://animation.diclementi.com/tutorials/dominoesmfx.mov - To see the end results click the link!

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