Outline

Probability
Set theory
Venn Diagrams
Exercises

Chapter 2 - Lecture 1
Sample Spaces and Events

Andreas Artemiou

September 9th, 2009

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 2 - Lecture 1 Sample Spaces and Events

 Outline
Probability
Set theory
Venn Diagrams
Exercises

Probability
Definition

Set theory
Definition
Examples
Relations

Venn Diagrams

Exercises

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 2 - Lecture 1 Sample Spaces and Events

 Outline
Probability
Set theory Definition
Venn Diagrams
Exercises

Probability

I What is probability?

I Probability refers to the study of uncertainty and randomness

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 2 - Lecture 1 Sample Spaces and Events

 Outline
Probability Definition
Set theory Examples
Venn Diagrams Relations
Exercises

Definitions

I Experiment is any process whose outcome is subject to

uncertainty.
I Sample space of an experiment is the set of all possible
outcomes of the experiment
I Event is any collection of outcomes that are contained in the
sample space
I An event is simple if it consists of exactly one outcome
I An event is compound if it consists of more than one outcome

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 2 - Lecture 1 Sample Spaces and Events

 Outline
Probability Definition
Set theory Examples
Venn Diagrams Relations
Exercises

Examples

I Tossing a coin once

I Rolling a die once

I Tossing a coin three times

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 2 - Lecture 1 Sample Spaces and Events

 Outline
Probability Definition
Set theory Examples
Venn Diagrams Relations
Exercises

Relations in set theory

I The complement of an event A, is the set of all outcomes in
the sample space that are not contained in A and is denoted
with A0 or Ac
I The union of two events A and B, is the set containing all
outcomes that are either in A or in B or in both sets and it is
denoted with A B
I The intersection of two events A and B is the set containing
all outcomes that are in both A and B and is denoted with
AB
I When two sets A and B have no outcome in common then
they are said to be disjoint or mutually exclusive events.
The notation that is used is A B = where denotes the
empty set.
Andreas Artemiou Chapter 2 - Lecture 1 Sample Spaces and Events
 Outline
Probability
Set theory
Venn Diagrams
Exercises

Venn Diagrams

I A Venn Diagram is a pictorial representation of sets.

I Example: I roll a die. I denote with A the event that I get an
odd number as the outcome, with B the event that I get an
even number as an outcome, with C the event that I get a
number less than or equal to 4 and with D the event that I
get a number greater or equal to 2

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 2 - Lecture 1 Sample Spaces and Events

 Outline
Probability
Set theory
Venn Diagrams
Exercises

Exercises

I Section 2.1 page 54

I Exercises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 2 - Lecture 1 Sample Spaces and Events