The Joy of Drafting by alan linklater

WALLS 1 TYPES & HATCHING

Drawing walls in plan and section requires a drafting language to be used.

For ALL elements cut through in section (as are plans and sections), the outline of the elements must be
drawn in BOLD, DARK lines to indicate the cut.

material representation using HATCH patterns

PRESENTATION or DESIGN DRAWINGS:
Fill in the walls in plan and section with dark solid colour (even black)

CONSTRUCTION or TECHNICAL, BUILDING DRAWINGS

Fill in the walls in plan and section with LINE PATTERNS (hatching) to represent the materials used
HATCHING is the process of applying specific line patterns to represent different materials used.
Note the different hatch patterns for BRICK, CONCRETE BLOCK, CONCRETE, TIMBER & STONE in the examples below.

BRICK CONCRETE BLOCK CONCRETE

show diagonal lines across

END-SECTION of each
framing timber piece
STONE TIMBER
110
Sawn or Framing timber only
extrusion core

76
"frog" holes may also
be lattice
0 pattern
TIMBER
3
2

DRESSED or furniture timber only

DRY-PRESSED EXTRUDED

WALL TYPES COMMON BRICK SIZES

mortar bed adds 10mm more to height
110
230

270
50

110

"SOLID" brickwork being 2 attached CAVITY brickwork being 2 separate, free-standing

or bonded skins of bricks.
This type of wall is typically restricted
to OLD houses before the 1900s
These will leak if not protected by
cement or lime render, painted
300
skins of bricks tied together with stainless steel WALL TIES.
This type of wall is now typically used in all "solid brick" houses
since the 1900s as it makes the wall waterproof
The outer skin is wet and by not touching the inner skin,
it remains dry
200

typical thickness typical thickness

STONE WALL usually a single leaf of wall CONCRETE BLOCKS

Rarely used today but stone can be used Block walls can be 100, 150 and 200 thick
as an outer OR inner wall skin in a cavity wall 100 & 150 blocks for internal wall skins used in a cavity wall
for visual and textual effect configuration & 200 for external single wall skins
100 110

250
40

may also be 240 overall

100

TIMBER STUD WALL being single framed wall BRICK VENEER being 2 separate, free-standing
needs external cladding of boards, skins with outer skin of bricks, inner skin timber STUD framing,
fibre-cement etc tied together with stainless steel WALL TIES.
needs internal lining of plasterboard,
plywood, fibre-cement etc This type of wall is now typically used in nearly all new houses
but is often erroneously called "a brick house"
White ant treatment is essential
 The Joy of Drafting by alan linklater

WALLS 2 DRAWING WALLS (with window)

The DETAIL needed to be shown when drawing walls in plan and section varies with the scale used.
For large scaled details such as 1:20 much more detail is shown than the diagrammatic representation
at scale 1:100.

Examples of the degree of detail needed are shown below

1:100 scale walls

bare, DARK outlines. Hatch optional.

cavity shown in LIGHT lines

BRICK VENEER window in a wall CAVITY BRICK with window in a wall

note the outer sill and inner opening lines are note there must be CLEAR differentiation
MEDIUM LINES (not cut-through) between CUT WALL and not-cut SILLS

Window detail is a single line approx centred on the window

REVEAL (wall return into the window frame)

TIMBER-FRAMED wall with window

1:50 scale walls

DARK outlines. Hatch shown

cavity shown in LIGHT lines
individual studs optional in light lines

BRICK VENEER window in a wall CAVITY BRICK with window in a wall

again outer and inner opening lines and window detail are note there must be CLEAR differentiation
MEDIUM LINES (not cut-through) between CUT WALL and not-cut SILLS

OK! I know! The studs and window jamb are really cut
through but by showing them dark only gets to confuse the drawing.
Remember that CONTRAST is required for the drawing to "READ"

TIMBER-FRAMED wall with window

1:20 scale walls

brick sill seen below brick sill seen below

brickwork storm NOTE projection past brickwork storm NOTE projection past
mould wall face mould wall face

window in detail window in detail

reveal

reveal

stud wall cover mould sill edge below

plasterboard sill edge below
architrave architrave below cement render opening sill below

CAVITY BRICK window in a wall

BRICK VENEER window in a wall
same detail as brick veneer but smaller
again outer and inner opening lines window frame is used and cement render
and window detail including architrave are
MEDIUM LINES (not cut-through) wall lining returns into opening reveal to meet frame
and timber cover mould used to cover joint
storm NOTE window frame shown about 10-20 clear of wall frame
mould to allow tolerance for installation
weatherboard
in all cases...line weight chosen is to allow good definition between
window in detail cut-through and "seen below" objects
stud wall
if your window frame objects are all shown dark, the drawing
plasterboard becomes harder to read...so your own judgement is to be applied
architrave architrave below

TIMBER-FRAMED wall with window always ask me if you are unsure

of anything on these sheets
The Joy of Drafting by alan linklater

WALLS 3 CONSTRUCTION scale 1:10

weep holes are open

vertical brick joints
(perpends) to allow
water to be flashed
flashing timber beam sized to suit
to the outside face
span with 50x50 blocking
of wall above all
to face of wall
openings

galvanised steel
angle across head
to support bricks head and storm mould similar
above
to jamb sections

NOTE

this is an example of a "break line"

where the repeated elements are cut
leaving only the important details, in
this case, SILL & HEAD

150x75 sill rebated for sash & ploughed

sash on underside to resist warping and with
sloping sill rebate and drip grooves
tilted brick sill

architrave

plasterboard wall lining on

flashing from timber stud wall frame
back of sill,
run under sill

& tucked
into mortar
bed

section through window scale: 1:10 NOTE:

this detail is for your information

BRICK VENEER
and will be explained in later
CAVITY BRICK SIMILAR construction classes