Asme y 14.4 3D PDF

Engineering Drawing
and Related
Documentation
Practices
ASME Y14.41-2003
DIGITAL PRODUCT
DEFINITION DATA
PRACTICES
An American National Standard
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ASME Y14.41
ADOPTION NOTICE
ASME Y14.41, Digital Product Definition Data Practices, was adopted on 7 July 2003 for use by the Department
of Defense, (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: Com-
mander, U.S. Army TACOM-ARDEC, ATTN: AMSTA-AR-QAW-E, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000. Copies of
this document may be purchased from The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 22 Law Drive,
PO Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900; http://www.asme.org.
Custodians: Adopting Activity:

Army AR Army AR
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DLA DH
Review Activities:
Army AT, AV, CE, CR, EA, GL, MI, SM, TE
Navy AS, CH, EC, MC, OS, SH, TD, YD
Air Force 11, 13, 19, 68, 70, 71, 84, 99
DLA CC, IS
NSA NS
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AMSC N/A AREA DRPR
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D
DIGITAL PRODUCT
DEFINITION DATA
PRACTICES
ASME Y14.41-2003
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Date of Issuance: August 15, 2003
The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2007. There will be no addenda or
written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard issued to this edition.
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Copyright 2003 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved
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CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Structure of Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.4 Reference to This Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.5 Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.6 Text in Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.7 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.9 Definitions and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Data Set Identification and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2 Related Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Data Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Data Set Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2 General Model Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3 General Method Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4 Management Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.5 Security Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.6 Views on Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4 Design Model Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5 Common Requirements for Product Definition Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5.1 Common Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2 Model Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3 Drawing Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6 Notes and Special Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

7 Model Values and Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

8 Plus and Minus Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

iii
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9 Datum Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10 Geometric Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Figures
2-1 Contents of a Product Definition Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2-2 Contents of a Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3-1 Left-Hand and Right-Hand Model Coordinate Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3-2 Design Model Cutting Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3-3 Design Model With Offset Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5-1 Display Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5-2 Annotation and Model Geometry Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5-3 Tolerance Query Associativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5-4 Simplified Feature Representation and Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5-5 Annotation Planes Relative to Model Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5-6 Graphic Display of Associated Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5-7 Listing of Digital Element Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5-8 Queries for Datum Feature Symbols and Datum Target Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5-9 Queries for Datum Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5-10 Queries for Coordinates and Supplemental Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5-11 Annotated Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5-12 Design Model and Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5-13 Axonometric Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7-1 Placement and Attachment of Basic Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7-2 Placement and Attachment of Size Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8-1 Attachment Techniques: Fillets, Rounds, and Chamfers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
8-2 Attachment Techniques: Reliefs and Step Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8-3 Attachment Techniques: Countersinks and Oblique Surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8-4 Attachment Techniques: Depth, Spotface, Remaining Thickness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8-5 Attachment Techniques: Notches, Flats, and PIN Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9-1 Datum System and Coordinates Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9-2 Datum Feature Symbol Attachments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
9-3 Partial Surface as a Datum Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
9-4 Datum Targets and Symbols Attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
9-5 Equalizing Target Points Establish a Datum Axis on an Internal Cylindrical
Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
9-6 Two Cylindrical Features Establish a Datum Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9-7 Pattern of Features Establish a Datum Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9-8 Two Coaxial Features Establish a Datum Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9-9 Co-Planar Surfaces Establish a Datum Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9-10 Separated Surfaces Establish a Datum Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9-11 Datum Targets and Symbols in an Axonometric View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
10-1 General Application of Geometric Tolerances Coincident or Perpendicular
Annotation Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
10-2 Circularity Sphere, Cylinder, Conical, or Revolved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
10-3 Cylindricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
10-4 Straightness Directed by Line Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
10-5 Straightness Directed by Ordinate Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
10-6 Straightness Cylindrical or Conical Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
10-7 Straightness Median Line or Median Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
10-8 Orientation Planar Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
iv
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10-9 Each Element Orientation Directed by Line Element. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
10-10 Each Element Orientation Directed by Ordinate Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
10-11 Orientation Inclined Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
10-12 Orientation Cylinder or a Set of Opposed Parallel Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
10-13 Orientation of an Axis With a Parallel Planes Tolerance Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
10-14 Profile Planar, Conical, or Revolved Surface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10-15 Profile Mulitple or Co-Planar Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
10-16 Profile Between Basis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
10-17 Profile All-Around Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
10-18 Profile Unilaterally Disposed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
10-19 Profile Unequally Disposed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
10-20 Line Profile Directed By Line Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
10-21 Line Profile Directed By Ordinate Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
10-22 Position Individual Patterns of Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
10-23 Position Projected Tolerance Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
10-24 Position Extremities of Long Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
10-25 Position Elongated Holes (Slots) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
10-26 Bi-directional Position Polar or Rectangular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
10-27 Position Combined with Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
10-28 Concentricity and Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
10-29 Runout Attachments and Associativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
10-30 Runout Perpendicular and Cylindrical Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
10-31 Runout Spherical, Conical, and Revolved Surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
10-32 Axonometric Views Feature Control Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
10-33 Axonometric Views Limited Area Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
10-34 Axonometric Views Straightness, Each Element Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
10-35 Axonometric Views Parallel Planes Tolerance Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
10-36 Axonometric Views Multiple Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
10-37 Axonometric Views Between Basis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
10-38 Axonometric Views Profile Unilaterally Disposed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
10-39 Axonometric Views Profile Unequally Disposed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Tables
7-1 Resolved Dimension Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8-1 Plus and Minus Tolerance Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10-1 Form Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
10-2 Orientation Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
10-3 Profile Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
10-4 Location Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
10-5 Runout Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Mandatory Appendix
I Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
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v
FOREWORD
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The development of this Standard was initiated at the request of industry and the government.
A meeting was held to determine the interest in this subject in January 1997 in Wichita, Kansas,
hosted by The Boeing Company in their facility. A subsequent meeting was held during the
spring ASME meeting in 1997 to enlist membership of those who would be interested in working
this project.
This Standard was largely built using the e-mail systems now available to industry and govern-
ment. This was actually a revolutionary happening, since in some part, the subcommittee was
establishing ground rules for the use of 3D data in new design systems that were not fully tested
or fully developed. The subcommittee understands a need for documented systems and systematic
work. The evolution of the tools available to those that create and produce drawings has enhanced
the capabilities of designers in producing complex hardware. The computer and the computer
graphics design software is at a stage where using the design package to extend the normal
drawing usage to a new level is a real possibility. Those who have chosen to spend the time and
effort in the definition of the product shall see a return on their investments associated with
implementing three-dimensional drawing packages. The accuracy of the product design is unpar-
alleled, and provides the users of the design data the ability to interrogate the digital data that
controls the design. Companies were clamoring for guidelines on how to use these innovative
techniques. There were many issues in using the 3D data for the manufacture and inspection of
the product. This is indeed a first, since digital data was usable in the manufacturing of the
product but was widely disapproved for inspection. The intent of this Standard is to set forth a
logical and manageable system in the use of the new design systems available to manufacturers
both large and small. This advancement is a change in media used in the design, manufacture,
and inspection cycles of the product.
Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcomed. They should be sent to The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Attention: Secretary, Y14 Main Committee, Three
Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
This Standard was approved as an American National Standard on July 7, 2003.
vi
ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE
Y14 Engineering Drawing and Related
Documentation Practices
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
OFFICERS
F. Bakos, Chair
K. E. Wiegandt, Vice Chair
C. J. Gomez, Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
A. R. Anderson, Dimensional Control System, Inc.

F. Bakos, Consultant
J. V. Burleigh, The Boeing Co.
R. A. Chadderdon, Southwest Consultants
M. E. Curtis, Jr., Rexnord Industries, Inc.
D. E. Day, Monroe Community College
C. W. Ferguson, WM Education Services
L. W. Foster, L. W. Foster Associates, Inc.
C. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
B. A. Harding, Purdue University
K. S. King, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division
A. Krulikowski, General Motors Corp.
H. S. Lachut, ABB Combustion Engineering, Inc.
J. G. Liska, Aerojet Propulsion, Division of Gencorp
P. J. McCuistion, Ohio University
P. E. McKim, Caterpillar, Inc.
E. Niemiec, MTD Products, Inc.
R. L. Nieukirk, Alternate, Caterpillar, Inc.
G. H. Whitmire, Gary Whitmire Associates
K. E. Wiegandt, Sandia National Laboratory
B. A. Wilson, The Boeing Co.
P. Wreede, Hutchinson Technology, Inc.
SUBCOMMITTEE 41 DIGITAL MODELING
A. Krulikowski, Chair, General Motors Corp.

N. Smith, Vice Chair, The Boeing Co.
B. Dinardo, Secretary, U.S. Department of the Army, TACOM-ARDEC
D. M. Braun, Rockwell Collins, Inc.
J. L. Cerio, Raytheon Co.
C. Cubeles, Dassault-Systems
D. D. Cunningham, Jr., Thiokol Propulsion
P. E. Damron, The Boeing Co.
K. Dobert, EDS PLM Solutions
D. L. Ellis, General Dynamics Land Systems
L. Holmes, Raytheon Co.
L. F. Irwin, SDRC
J. I. Miles, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co.
T. J. Miller, Ford Motor Co.
M. A. Murphy, General Motors Corp.
G. R. Mussell, CNH Global NV
R. L. Nieukirk, Caterpillar, Inc.
vii
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A. F. Pettenger, DEPCO, Inc.
J. M. Simmons, Rolls-Royce Corp.
J. M. Smith, Caterpillar, Inc.
E. A. Spinelli, Raytheon Co.
T. T. Taylor, Siemens Power Generation
F. A. Tolmie, Rockwell Collins, Inc.
J. C. Weers, The Boeing Co.
Y14/SC 41 SUPPORT GROUP
J. F. Bradshaw, The Boeing Co.

J. V. Burleigh, The Boeing Co.
B. A. Dahl, The Boeing Co.
B. Davis, Ford Motor Co.
B. A. Harding, Purdue University
G. A. Hetland, Hutchinson Technology, Inc.
L. R. Lange, Consultant
C. A. Wearring, EDS PLM Solutions
D. Welever, The Boeing Co.
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viii
ASME Y14.41-2003
DIGITAL PRODUCT DEFINITION DATA PRACTICES
1 GENERAL 1.5 Units

1.1 Scope The International System of Units (SI) is featured in
This Standard establishes requirements and refer- this Standard. United States (U.S.) customary units could
ences documents applicable to the preparation and revi- equally well have been used without prejudice to the
sion of digital product definition data, hereafter referred principles established.
to as data sets. This Standard defines exceptions and 1.6 Text In Figures
additional requirements to existing ASME standards for
using product definition digital data sets or drawings Text in upper case letters used in the figures is in-
in digital format. Where no exception or additional re- tended to appear in data sets. Text in lower case letters
quirements are stated, existing ASME standards shall is explanatory of the figures only and is not intended
apply. to appear in data sets.
1.2 Structure of Standard 1.7 Symbols

This Standard supports two methods of application: The use of symbols to indicate dimensional require-
model only, and model and drawing in digital format. ments does not preclude the use of equivalent terms or
The structure starts with the requirements common to abbreviations in accordance with ASME Y14.38 where
both methods, and then branches to the other sections symbology is considered inappropriate.
that have differing requirements for each method. In
1.8 References
addition, it provides a guide for the many CAD software
packages to develop better modeling and annotation ASME Y14.1-1995 (R2002), Decimal Inch Drawing Sheet
practices for computer aided design and engineering Size and Format
disciplines. ASME Y14.1M-1995 (R2002), Metric Drawing Sheet Size
and Format
1.3 Figures ASME Y14.2M-1992 (R1998), Line Conventions and Let-
The figures in this Standard are intended only as illus- tering
trations to aid the user in understanding the practices ASME Y14.3M-1994 (R1999), Multiview and Sectional
described in the text. In some cases, figures show a level View Drawings
of detail as needed for emphasis; in other cases, figures ASME Y14.4M-1989 (R1999), Pictorial Drawing
are only complete enough to illustrate a concept or facet ASME Y14.5M-1994 (R1999), Dimensioning and Toler-
thereof. The absence of figures has no bearing on the ancing
applicability of the specified requirement or practice. To ASME Y14.8M-1996 (R2002), Castings and Forgings
comply with the requirements of this Standard, actual ASME Y14.35M-1997, Revision of Engineering Drawings
data sets shall meet the content requirements set forth and Associated Documents
in the text. ASME Y14.38-1999, Abbreviations and Acronyms
To assist the users of this Standard, a listing of the ASME Y14.100-2000, Engineering Drawing Practices
paragraph(s) that refer to an illustration appears in the Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engi-
lower right-hand corner of each figure. This listing may neers (ASME International), Three Park Avenue, New
not be all-inclusive. The absence of the listing is not a York, NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law
reason to assume inapplicability. Drive, Box 2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300
Most figures are illustrations of models in a three-
dimensional environment. Figures illustrating drawings IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Standard for Use of the International
in digital format have a border included. System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engi-
1.4 Reference to This Standard neers (IEEE), 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-
When data sets are based on this Standard, this fact 1331
shall be noted in the data set or in a document referenced Publisher: The American Society for Testing and Materi-
by the data set. References to this Standard shall state als (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho-
ASME Y14.41-2003. hocken, PA 19428-2959
1 --``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME Y14.41-2003 DIGITAL PRODUCT DEFINITION DATA PRACTICES
1.9 Definitions and Terminology model coordinate system: a representation of a Cartesian

coordinate system in a product definition data set.
1.9.1 Definitions
model geometry: geometric elements in product definition
annotation: dimensions, tolerances, notes, text, or sym-
data which represent designed product.
bols visible without any manual or external manipu-
lation. model value: the numerical value derived by interrogat-
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ing the model that quantifies the form and spatial rela-
annotation plane: a conceptual plane containing annota-
tionships of the geometry composing a design model or
tion that either perpendicularly intersects, or is coinci-
assembly of models to the precision (number of decimal
dent with one or more surfaces of a feature.
places) of the computer system.
assembly model: a model in which the product described
product definition data: data elements required to com-
is an assembly of two or more items.
pletely define a product.
associated entities: the portion of a product definition to
product definition data set: a collection of one or more
which annotation pertains.
computer file(s) that discloses (directly or by reference),
associated group: a user-defined set of related digital ele- by means of graphic or textual presentations, or combi-
ments. nations of both, the physical and functional require-
associativity: the established relationship between digital ments of an item.
elements. query: a means of interrogating a digital element or the
attribute: a dimension, tolerance, note, text, or symbol relationship between digital elements.
required to complete the product definition or feature represented line element: A supplemental geometry line
of the product that is not visible but available upon or curve segment indicating the orientation of a direction
interrogating the model. dependent tolerance.
data: information represented in a formal manner suit- resolved dimension: a model value that is rounded off to
able for communication, interpretation, or processing the number of decimal places required for the design.
by human beings or computers.
saved view: a stored and retrievable specific orientation
datum system: a partial or complete datum reference and a magnification factor of a model.
frame.
special character: a character not included in the set of
derivative: data duplicated or extracted from the original. letters A-Z, a-z, numerals, and punctuation symbols.
A copy of a derivative is also a derivative.
supplemental geometry: geometric elements included in
design model: the portion of the data set that contains product definition data to communicate design require-
model and supplemental geometry. ments but not intended to represent a portion of the
digital element: geometric element, feature, group of fea- manufactured product.
tures, annotation, associated group, or attribute that ex-
1.9.2 Terminology. When the term feature is used
ists in a data set.
in this Standard in reference to a model or drawing, it
digital element identifier: a label or name used to specify is referring to the digital representation of the feature.
a unique digital element. This differs from its use in ASME Y14.5M where it ap-
direction dependent tolerance: a tolerance that invokes a plies to a physical portion of a part, such as a surface,
zone of parallel lines or curves. pin tab, hole, or slot.
geometric element: a graphic entity used in a data set.
For example, point, line, plane, surface, solid, model 2 DATA SET IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL
coordinate system, or crosshatching.
This Section establishes requirements for a data set
hard copy: a printed or plotted copy of a displayed image identification system.
on a medium such as paper or polyester film.
installation model: a model in which the product de- 2.1 General
scribed is an installation, showing parts or assemblies The current revision of the data and the computer
and a partial or complete representation of the installa- application(s) and version(s) used to develop the data
tion site. set shall be specified with other management data. See
management data: the data required for the release, con- para. 3.4.
trol, and storage of product definition data as well as 2.1.1 Data Set Identifier. The data set identifier shall
other relevant engineering data. be unique and consist of numeric, alpha or special char-
model: a combination of design model, annotation and acters in any combination. Spaces are not permitted
attributes that describes a product. between any of the characters of the data set identifier.
2
DIGITAL PRODUCT DEFINITION DATA PRACTICES ASME Y14.41-2003
PRODUCT DEFINITION DATA SET

A product definition data set discloses (directly or by reference)
the physical and functional requirements for an item by means
of graphic and textual presentations.
Integral Content: [Note (1)]
Model See Fig. 2-2.

The part or identifying number (PIN) for the model and the
product definition data set may be identical.
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Revision history
The product definition data set is the Original.
Drawing [Note (2)] Partial or complete.
Analytical data,
Parts list test requirements
Materials
finishes Notes
processes
Printed Media [Note (3)]

NOTES:
(1) Related data (as applicable) required for complete definition may be integral to or referenced in the product
definition data set. Data not integral to the product definition data set may be revised independently.
(2) A drawing is not required for Model Only data sets.
(3) Related data may be manually or computer generated.
2.2
Fig. 2-1 Contents of a Product Definition Data Set
(a) Data Set Identifier Length. The length of the data (b) Special Characters. Special characters shall be
set identifier may be a direct function of the computer selected in a manner that does not hinder data set identi-
system and the operating system. When the Part or fication or have an adverse affect on the computer sys-
Identifying Number (PIN) is used as the data set identi- tem operation such as dash (-), slash (/), or asterisk (*).
fier, the length shall be compatible with recognized limi- (c) Identifier Prefixes and Suffixes. A recognizable prefix
tations on PIN number length in accordance with ASME or suffix may be included as part of the identifier to
Y14.100M. associate files and sets of related data.
3
MODEL
Annotation Design model Attributes
Model Supplemental
geometry geometry
Geometric
elements
Fig. 2-1
Fig. 2-2 Contents of a Model
2.1.2 Drawing Identification. See ASME Y14.100 for 2.3.4 Revision History. Revision history information,
the description and use of Drawings and Drawing in accordance with ASME Y14.35M, shall be contained
numbers. in the data set.
2.1.3 Part or Identifying Number. See ASME Y14.100
for the description and use of PIN. 3 DATA SET REQUIREMENTS
2.2 Related Data This Section establishes the requirements for a data
set.
Related data shall be integral to or referenced in the
3.1 General
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data set. Related data consists of, but is not limited to the
following: analytical data, parts lists, test requirements, The data set shall provide complete product defini-
material specifications, process and finish require- tion. For example, a design model, its annotation, and
ments in accordance with Fig. 2-1. supporting documentation.
2.3 Data Management 3.1.1 Fundamental Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Requirements. The following describe the fundamental
The following paragraphs describe the structure and
dimensioning and tolerancing requirements that are
control requirements for data management.
applicable to both annotated models and drawings, that
2.3.1 Management System. A data management sys- are specific to annotated models, and that are specific
tem shall provide control and tracking information of to drawings.
the data sets. This system may include work in process, (a) Common to Annotated Models and Drawings
data review status, model checked status, release status, (1) All model values and resolved dimensions shall
design tool and version, libraries, etc. be obtained from the model.
(2) The ability to query the model shall be available.
2.3.2 Approval. The Data Set shall be approved in
See para. 5.2.7.
accordance with ASME Y14.100.
(3) There is no implied 90 deg basic angle rule, as
2.3.3 Storage and Retention. Data sets shall be con- defined in ASME Y14.5M, for a model. All angular val-
trolled and available throughout the life cycle of a ues shall be queried from the model. See para. 7.2.1.
product. Exceptions to this are the model coordinate system(s)
4
and planes associated with a datum reference frame(s) determining the correct reading direction in the view.
and orthographic views. (7) Dimensions and tolerances may be shown to
(4) Direct tolerancing methods, as defined in ASME internal features without the use of a section. See Fig.
Y14.5M, should only be used to define the size of a 8-4(c).
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feature. Geometric tolerancing is the preferred method. (c) Applicable to Drawings Only
(5) When query is required, a notation stating the (1) Dimensions, tolerances, datum specifications,
requirement for query of the model or associated data and notes may be shown in true profile views and refer
shall be added to the drawing or in the general notes. to visible outlines, or appear in axonometric views.
(6) Rounding requirements for resolved dimen- (2) Axonometric Views
sions shall comply with para. 7.1.1(c). (a) The orientation of the annotation shall be par-
(7) When tolerancing features, alignment of the allel to, normal to, or coincident with the surface to
annotation plane to the true profile is not required. which it applies.
(8) Values queried from the model for any feature(s) (b) Annotation shall not overlap other anno-
without any tolerance or datum target specifications tation.
assigned shall be reference dimensions. (c) Annotation shall not overlap the part.
(9) Legibility requirements of ASME Y14.2M shall
apply when the annotation is viewed perpendicular to
3.1.2 Design Model Requirement. A design model is
required and shall be in accordance with para. 3.2 and
the annotation plane.
Section 4.
(10) Annotation in any given annotation plane shall
not overlap other annotation in the same annotation 3.2 General Model Requirements
plane when the model is viewed perpendicular to the
annotation plane. The following paragraphs describe general require-
(11) Annotation text within any given annotation ments for a model.
plane shall not be placed over the design model when 3.2.1 Associativity. The ability to associate digital ele-
the model is viewed perpendicular to the annotation ments shall be available and maintained. Associativity
plane. information shall be electronically accessible.
(12) Visible gaps between extension (projection)
lines and geometry, as defined in ASME Y14.5M, are 3.2.2 Model Coordinate Systems. A design model
not required on models. shall contain one or more model coordinate systems.
(b) Applicable to Models Only A model coordinate system shall be depicted by three
(1) All annotation shall be specified in one or more mutually perpendicular lines segments with its origin
annotation planes. When a CAD software does not sup- located at the intersection of the three axes.
port maintenance of annotation plane orientation rela- Each axis shall be labeled and the positive direction
tive to the model, the model only method shall not be shown. Model coordinate systems shall be right-handed
used. See para. 5.2.3. unless otherwise specified. See Fig. 3-1.
(2) The associated entities, annotation, and attri- 3.2.3 Applications of Supplemental Geometry. When
butes shall be in agreement. See para. 5.2.1. supplemental geometry is used, there shall be a clear
(3) Resolved dimensions created from queried distinction between the supplemental geometry and the
model values are considered the same as values specified design model geometry.
in ASME Y14.5M as expressed dimensions. See Table 7-1. (a) Represented Line Element. The following geometric
(4) The term TRUE, when used with a dimension, tolerances may use a represented line element to clarify
shall not be used on models. the directionality of a two-dimensional tolerance zone
(5) Display of centerlines or center planes for fea- of parallel lines. When a represented line element is
tures of size are optional. used to indicate the direction of a geometric tolerance
(6) To ensure the annotation is being interpreted as application, the leader from the feature control frame
intended (for example the text could be upside down shall terminate on the represented line element in an
or backwards following rotation of the model) one of arrowhead. See Fig. 10-4.
the following techniques shall be used: (1) Straightness applied to the line elements of a
(a) Ensure the reading direction is updated after planar surface. See Table 10-1 and Fig. 10-4.
rotation of a model. (2) Orientation tolerance applied on an Each Ele-
(b) Include a means of determining the correct ment basis. See para. 10.2.2(a) and Fig. 10-9.
reading direction in each annotation plane applied to a (3) Line profile. See para. 10.2.3(g) and Fig. 10-20.
model. (b) Associativity. The represented line element, the fea-
(c) When using saved views, ensure the model ture control frame, and the controlled feature should be
is orientated in the intended view direction. For exam- organized as an associated group. See Figs. 10-4, 10-9,
ple, this may be accomplished by including a means of and 10-20.
5
Y
Le
ft-
X coor hand
din Y
ate
s
Rig
co ht-ha
ord nd
ina
Z tes
X Y
Mirror
transform Z
X
(a) Mirror image relationship
Z
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Right-hand coordinate system:

When observed in the Z direction with positive Y ascending,
positive X is directed to the right-hand side of the observer.
(b) Recognizing the right-hand system.

3.2.2
Fig. 3-1 Left-Hand and Right-Hand Model Coordinate Systems
6
3.2.4 Part Features Not Fully Modeled. A simplified (d) The drawing shall contain a drawing border and
representation of part features such as threads, holes, title block information in accordance with ASME Y14.1
fillets, rounds, and drafts may be shown using partial or ASME Y14.1M.
geometry definition, annotations, attributes, or a combi- (e) The drawing shall reference all applicable models
nation thereof. See Fig. 5-4. and data for the product specified on the drawing.
(f) Minimum drawing hard copy output capability
3.3 General Method Requirements shall be in accordance with ASME Y14.4M, ASME
Data Set Methods. The following paragraphs cover the Y14.3M, or a combination thereof, and ASME Y14.1 or
product definition methods listed below. Each different ASME Y14.1M, and ASME Y14.2M.
method for specifying product definition is used in sup- (g) Annotation displayed on the drawing shall be
port of different industry processes and requirements. interpretable without the use of query.
The data set is the original for all of the methods, and (h) When complete product definition is not con-
any hard copy output is a derivative. tained on the drawing, it shall be noted.
(i) When complete product definition is not contained
3.3.1 Model Only. The following paragraphs describe in the model, it shall be noted.
requirements when complete product definition is con-
tained in the model. 3.4 Management Data
(a) Product definition data, including but not limited
to notes, parts lists, marking requirements, dimensions, Management data that is not placed on a drawing
and tolerances shall be contained or referenced in the shall be placed on the model or in the data set separate
data set. from the model or drawing as follows:
(b) The data elements of a drawing format as defined 3.4.1 Management Data in the Data Set. The follow-
in ASME Y14.1 or ASME Y14.1M are not required, except ing management data shall be contained in the data set:
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for the following, which shall be contained in the (a) application data
data set: (b) approval
(1) name and address of the company or design (c) data set identification
activity corresponding to the Commercial and Govern- (d) design activity transfer
ment Entity (CAGE) code for the data set
(e) revision history for the data set
(2) data set title
(3) data set number 3.4.2 Management Data on a Model. Management
(4) approval indicators and approval dates data placed on a model shall be placed on a management
(5) contract number when required data annotation plane or an equivalent method. The
(6) originators name and date annotation plane shall be available for display with the
(7) CAGE Code when required for identification of model. When displayed, the management data annota-
the design activity whose data set number is used tion plane does not rotate with the model. Management
data placed on a model includes, but is not limited to
(c) When working with a model, the first or third
the following:
angle projection symbol in accordance with ASME
Y14.3M is not required. (a) ASME Y14.41M Note
(b) CAD Maintained Notation
3.3.2 Model and Drawing. The following paragraphs (c) Design Activity Identification
describe requirements when complete product defini- (d) Duplicate Original Notation
tion is contained in the model and drawing. (e) Item Identification
(a) A complete definition of a product shall contain (f) Metric Notation
a model and a drawing that may contain orthographic (g) Navigation Data
views, axonometric views, or a combination thereof.
Annotation may be applied to the model, or on the 3.5 Security Marking
drawing, or a combination thereof.
Security marking shall be placed in the file(s) or in
NOTE: The development of a drawing that provides a complete the referenced document(s) to which it applies. The fol-
product definition is allowed. lowing requirements pertain to models.
(b) Product definition data created or shown in the 3.5.1 Location of Security Marking on Models. Secu-
model and subsequently shown on the drawing shall rity marking shall be placed on an annotation plane, or
be in agreement. equivalent. The annotation plane or equivalent, con-
(c) Product definition data created and shown on the taining this information, shall be available for display
drawing shall not conflict with product definition data with the model. Reproductions of technical data, or any
in the model. portions thereof, subject to asserted restrictions, shall
7
FIG. 3-2(a) & (b)
An identified cutting plane
Y
Z
(a) Design model cutting plane.

X
X
SECTION A
(b) Resultant section in a saved view. 3.6(b)(1)
3.6(b)(2)
Fig. 3-2 Design Model Cutting Plane
also reproduce the asserted restrictions. When dis- effect. These include, but are not limited to, the fol-
played, the security data annotation plane does not lowing:
rotate with the model.
Company Proprietary Notes
3.5.2 Government, Department of Defense, and Other Competition Sensitive
Federal Agencies Security Marking. Models containing
The display and control shall be in accordance with
classified information:
company policy.
(a) Shall contain the applicable security markings.
(b) Shall be controlled in accordance with the applica- 3.5.4 Government Notices, Statements, and Legends.
ble security level. Models may require government notices, statements,
(c) The applicable security markings shall be con- and legends. Contractual requirements determine which
stantly displayed for all mediums of viewing. are applicable. These include, but are not limited to:
3.5.3 Company Security Marking. Models containing Copyright Notices
company intellectual property may include notes to this Distribution Statements
8
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FIG. 3-2(c)
(c) Resultant section shown as curves on the model.
Fig. 3-2 Design Model Cutting Plane (Contd)
Export Control Notices (1) Cutting Plane. A representation of a cutting

Rights in Data Legends plane shall be used to indicate the location and viewing
direction of a section. The edges of the cutting plane
3.6 Views On Models
shall be solid or phantom lines. A means to identify all
See ASME Y14.3M for sections and views. The follow- cutting planes in a model shall be available. A visible
ing paragraphs describe exceptions or additions for viewing arrow or arrows shall be included to show the
views on models. direction in which the section is viewed. See Fig. 3-2.
(a) Saved Views. Saved views of a design model may To relate the cutting plane to its section view, upper case
be defined to facilitate presentation of the model and letters such as A, B, C, etc., shall be placed near the
its annotation.
viewing arrow or arrows. The corresponding section
(1) A saved view shall have an identifier.
views are identified as SECTION A, or SECTION A-A
(2) A saved view shall be retrievable on demand.
when two viewing arrows are used. Section letters
(3) A saved view shall contain a model coordinate
should be used in alphabetical order excluding I, O, Q, S,
system that denotes the direction of the view relative
X, Y, and Z. When the alphabet is exhausted, additional
to the model.
sections shall be indicated using double letters in alpha-
(4) A saved view may contain one or more of the
betical order, as in AA, AB, AC, etc., or AA-AA, AB-AB
following:
etc., when two viewing arrows are used.
(a) annotation plane
(b) a selected set of annotation (2) Depiction of Section Cut. The result of the section
(c) a selected set of geometry cut may be shown either by removing material from the
(b) Sections. Saved views may be used to retain sec- part, see Fig. 3-2(b), or by the display of the curves
tions. All sections shall be the same scale as the design overlaid on the model that result from intersecting the
model. cutting plane with the part or both, see Fig. 3-2(c).
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 9
Multiple, connected
cutting planes
E
Z
Y
X
3.6(b)(3)
Fig. 3-3 Design Model With Offset Section
(3) Offset Sections. Multiple, connected cutting (10) Associativity. Section views shall be derivatives
planes shall be used for offset sections. See Fig. 3-3. of the design model. Changes to the design model shall
(4) Aligned Sections. Aligned sections shall not be cause section views to be updated accordingly.
used on design models.
(5) Removed Sections. Removed sections shall not be
used on design models. 4 DESIGN MODEL REQUIREMENTS
(6) Revolved Sections. Revolved sections shall not be
This Section establishes the requirements for a design
used on design models.
model.
(7) Broken-out Sections. Broken-out sections shall be
accomplished as offset sections. See para. 3.6(b)(2).
4.1 General
(8) Foreshortened and Aligned Features. Foreshort-
ened and aligned features shall not be used on design Design models represent ideal geometric constructs;
models. that is, perfect dimensionality and shape aspect of the
(9) Rotation of Features. Rotation of features shall part geometry are assumed. Parts shall be modeled at a
not be used on design models. specified dimensional condition, for example minimum,
10 --``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
maximum, or mean. The dimensional condition shall be 5.1 Common Requirements

specified as a general note. The following paragraphs describe requirements
4.1.1 Geometric Scale, Units, and Precision. The fol- common to models and drawings.
lowing are the requirements concerning the Scale, Units, 5.1.1 Display Management. Display management
and Precision of a design model. shall include the ability to enable or disable the display
(a) Scale. Design models shall be modeled at a scale of all annotation, annotation by type, or selected annota-
of 1:1. tion. See Fig. 5-1.
(b) Units. The units of measure (metric or U.S. custom-
ary) at which the design model is created shall be speci- 5.1.2 Hard Copy. A hard copy of any given visual
fied within the data set. display shall be available on demand. When a hard copy
(c) Precision. The design model precision indicates the is intended to be used as an engineering drawing, it
numeric accuracy required in the production of the part shall meet applicable drawing standards.
in order for it to fulfill the design intent. The number 5.2 Model Requirements
of significant digits of the design model shall be specified
in the data set. The number of decimal places required The following paragraphs describe requirements for
for the design cannot exceed the precision of the design annotation applied to a design model. These are general
model. requirements that apply to all types of annotation. Spe-
cific requirements for particular types of annotation are
4.1.2 Model Completeness. The model shall contain addressed in Sections 6 through 10. See Fig. 5-2 for a
geometry, attributes, and annotation as required to pro- diagram showing the relationship between annotation
vide a complete definition of the part. and model geometry.
(a) Models not fully modeled shall be identified as
such (e.g., partially modeled symmetrical part). 5.2.1 Associativity. The following are general re-
(b) Features that are not fully modeled shall be identi- quirements for defining an associative relationship be-
fied as such (e.g., threaded holes that are only shown tween digital elements.
as holes). (a) Selection of Associated Entities. Annotation may be
associated to a feature, a group of features, or a portion
4.1.3 Assembly Model Completeness. Assembly of an applicable feature. For an example of the associated
model completeness shall be in accordance with para. features for a dimension, see Fig. 5-3.
4.1.2, except part and sub-assembly models shown in (b) Associated Groups. Annotation, model geometry,
the assembly model need only have sufficient detail and supplemental geometry may be placed into associ-
shown to ensure correct identification, orientation, and ated groups to indicate their relationships. For example:
placement. The assembly model may be shown in an (1) Supplemental geometry used to define location,
exploded, partially assembled, or completely assembled orientation, or further clarify the application of annota-
state. The placement of parts and sub-assemblies within tion to a model.
the assembly may alternatively be defined via annota- (2) A model coordinate system for datum symbols
tion, or a combination of annotation and pictorial repre- and datum targets.
sentation of the model. (3) Other Annotation. This could include qualifying
4.1.4 Installation Model Completeness. Installation notes and size limit callouts.
completeness shall be in accordance with paras. 4.1.2 5.2.2 Attributes. Attributes are used to capture addi-
and 4.1.3, except part and assembly models shown in tional information that is not shown using geometry or
the installation model need only be sufficiently detailed in the model annotation. Attributes shall be available
to provide installation and space requirements. The max- on demand. Attributes may be presented using text de-
imum envelope for parts and assemblies may be shown scription, forms, or other techniques. See Fig. 5-4 for
using supplemental geometry, annotation, or a combina- an example of how the attributes of a hole could be
tion of both. Location and orientation of parts and represented. Applications of attributes include, but are
assemblies may be shown by geometric definition, anno- not limited to, coatings, knurling, threaded holes, and
tation, or a combination of both. pins.
5.2.3 Annotation Planes. The orientation of the anno-
5 COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCT tation plane shall be maintained relative to the model
DEFINITION DATA geometry as the model is manipulated in 3D. For exam-
This Section establishes the common requirements ple, as the geometry is rotated, the text rotates corres-
for the application, display management, and query of pondingly. See Fig. 5-5. When a CAD system does not
product definition data. Specific requirements for partic- support maintenance of annotation plane orientation
ular types of product definition data are described in relative to the model, annotation planes shall not be
Sections 6 through 10. used.
11
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIG. 5.1(a)
-4h 0 C
X 0.8 10.0 A
B
5 5 -
M .6 5 M
2X 9 .5-2. .25 C
1 0 A
0.8
G 0.4
A .9
60
B .42
0.1
H 17
5 G 2X
A
B 4
4 0.6 0.1
18
A 3X
6
.1
7.5
10
B .8
17 .45 4-2
.7
Y . 2 5-4 2. C
R3 4 .2 B
.6 3X 7.8-8 A
Z M
0 .13
C H
.1
29
3X
R2 9.2
49 0.1
23 5
.2 A
4
(a) Model with all annotation displayed.

5.1.1
Fig. 5-1 Display Management
5.2.4 Leader Lines. The following paragraphs de- (a) Supplemental geometry is added to the model to
scribe requirements for leader lines in models. show the direction of application. The model geometry
(a) Leader lines directed to represented line elements to which the tolerance applies shall be defined as the
shall terminate with an arrowhead. See Fig. 10-20. associated geometry for the annotation. See Figs. 10-4,
(b) When an indicated element is a surface, the leader 10-9, and 10-20, and para. 3.2.3(a).
shall terminate with a dot within the bounds of the (b) Direction dependent tolerances may use a model
surface. Leader lines may terminate on the rim or edge coordinate system vector to define the direction of appli-
of a feature of size when doing so provides a clearer cation. The model coordinate system vector, associated
understanding of the intention of the annotation. feature of the model, and tolerance shall be organized
(c) Leader Lines for Datum Targets. A solid leader line as an associated group. See Figs. 10-5, 10-10, and 10-21.
shall be used to indicate all datum targets in a design 5.2.6 Indicating Limited Application of a Tolerance.
model. See para. 3.1.1(b)(2). Limited length, area, and location indicators may consist
(d) Leader lines shall be directed to an associated of, but are not limited to, supplemental geometry and
entity. associative annotation. When supplemental geometry is
5.2.5 Direction Dependent Tolerances. When a direc- used, it shall be located on the model geometry. See
tion dependent tolerance (e.g., straightness) is applied Figs. 9-3 and 10-1.
to a design model, the direction shall be explicitly de- 5.2.7 Query. The model shall contain information
fined as described in paragraph (a) or (b). needed to enable the following types of queries.
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
12
FIG. 5.1(b) & (c)

.9
60
42
17.
2X
.64
40
18
3X
.16 7.5
10
X
17.
7 Y
R3
.6
Z
.1
29
3X
R2 9.2
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(b) Model with one type of annotation displayed.
49
23.
2
4
4h C
0 .8- 0.00 A
B
5X -1
M 9.65 .5 M
2X .5-2 0.25
1
.9
60 2
1 7.4
2X
.64
40
.16
10
X
(c) Model with selected annotation displayed.
Fig. 5-1 Display Management (Contd)
13
DESIGN MODEL GEOMETRY: ANNOTATED DESIGN MODEL:

C
B
[F6] A
.1
[F5] [H3] [H2] 0 5 M A
5 0 .2 M
[H4] [F1] 4X 0. 1

[H1] [F2] B
X A C
[F4] 1 A
1
[F3] Y
A
A
Z
25
0.
1
0.
Model geometry: Annotation : C X
Bottom surface [F1] 0.1 A Y B

5
0.1 B
Datum feature A A Z
A 5
0.2
Edge surface [F2] 0.25 A
Datum feature B [F1]
B
Edge surface [F3] 0.25 A B

Datum feature C [F2]
C [F1]
Top surface [F4] 0.15 A

[F1]
Edge surface [F5] 1 A B

[F2]
[F1]
Edge surface [F6] 1 A C

[F3]
[F1]
Internal cylinder [F7]
instance H1 H2 H3 H4 4X 5 0.1
Size 0.25 M A B C
Pattern location
Feature relation 0.1 M A
[F3]
[F2]
[F1]
5.2
Fig. 5-2 Annotation and Model Geometry Relationship
(a) Obtaining Model Values. Model values shall be ob- (2) Graphic Display of Associated Annotation. All an-
tainable from the model. notations associated with selected geometry or features
(b) Annotation to/from Model Geometry. The ability to shall be highlighted, or otherwise distinguished from
traverse the relationship between model geometry and other entities, on demand. See Figs. 5-6 and 10-3(c)
annotation in either order shall be available within the and (d).
model. This includes: (c) Digital Element Identifiers. Digital element identifi-
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(1) Graphic Display of Associated Entities. The associ- ers shall be obtainable from the model. See Fig. 5-7.
ated entities for a piece of annotation shall be high-
(d) Model Geometry and Features
lighted, or otherwise distinguished from other entities
on the display, on demand. See Figs. 5-3 and 9-10(b) (1) Features shall be identifiable by selecting a geo-
through (f). metric element of the feature.
14
FIG. 5.3(a) & (b)

5
0.0 Query
05
0.1 0.1
4 2 2
1.6 A
0
41
0 . 72 A
.08
A
B
Z
Visual response
X
(a) Size tolerance query.

8X
C 5
.4 0.4
0
0
.1
M
C
BM
Query
5
0.0
05
4 0.1 0.1
1.6 2 2
0 A
41
0 .72
.08 A
A
B
Z
X
Visual response
(b) Geometric tolerance query.

8X
C 5
.4 0.4
0
0
.1
Visual response M
C
BM
5.2.1(a)
5.2.7(b)(1)
Fig. 5-3 Tolerance Query Associativity
15
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIG. 5.3(c)
5
0.0
0 50
4 0.1 .12
1.6 2
0 A
41
0 . 7 2 A
.08
A
B
Y
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Visual response Z
(all eight associative features)
X
Query
8X
5
.4 0.4
0
C 0
.1
M
C
BM
(c) Pattern of features query.
Fig. 5-3 Tolerance Query Associativity (Contd)
(2) All geometric elements in an associated group (4) Upon selection of a feature control frame, the
of features shall be identifiable by selecting any geomet- portion of the corresponding coordinate system repre-
ric element within the group. senting the partial or complete datum reference frame
(3) All features in a group of features shall be identi- referenced in the feature control frame shall be high-
fiable by selecting one of the features. lighted or otherwise distinguished from other entities
(e) Feature Control Frames, Datum Feature Symbols, and on the display. See Fig. 5-10(a).
Datum Targets (f) Annotation and Supplemental Geometry. Upon selec-
(1) Upon selection of a feature control frame, the tion of annotation, the supplemental geometry used in
datum feature symbols and datum target symbols that the definition of the annotation shall be highlighted or
correspond to the datum references shall be highlighted otherwise distinguished from other entities on the dis-
or otherwise distinguished from other entities on the play. See Fig. 5-10(b).
display. See Fig. 5-8. (g) Associated Groups. Upon selection of one of the
(2) Upon selection of a datum target symbol, all digital elements in an associated group, the members
datum target symbols sharing the same letter shall be of the associated group shall be highlighted or otherwise
highlighted or otherwise distinguished from other enti- distinguished from other entities on the display.
ties on the display. See Fig. 5-9(a).
(3) Upon selection of a datum target symbol or a
5.3 Drawing Requirements
datum feature symbol, other datum target symbols and See ASME Y14.3M for sections and views. The follow-
datum feature symbols that have the same datum letter ing paragraphs describe exceptions or additions for
shall be highlighted or otherwise distinguished from views on drawings. The following paragraphs describe
other entities on the display. See Fig. 5-9(b). general requirements for axonometric views on fully or
16

50
.00
5
0.1 FEATURES
2
0.1 Response SURFACE_4
41 2
.6
0 A HOLE_9
4 A
1.72 HOLE_PATTERN
0.0 HOLE_1
8 HOLE_2
A
HOLE_3
B Y HOLE_4
HOLE_5
HOLE_6
Query
HOLE_7
Z HOLE_8
X Filter:
8X Cancel
5.4 0
.4
0
C 0
.1
M
C
BM
(a) Simplified feature query.
FEATURES DEFINITION
Existing feature.
ID : HOLE_9
Comment : Int_Cyl
Type : Single
Class :
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Diameter 3 0.1
No sub-feature.
Feature Geometry
HOLE_9
*PT340
3.2.4
(b) Feature attributes.
5.2.2
Fig. 5-4 Simplified Feature Representation and Attributes
partially defined drawings. Specific requirements for 5.3.2 Axonometric Views. The following paragraphs
particular types of annotation are addressed in Sections describe requirements for axonometric views.
6 through 10. The relationship between a model and a (a) Methods of Projection for Axonometric Views. The
drawing is illustrated in Figs. 5-11 and 5-12. model coordinate system showing model orientation
5.3.1 Orthographic Views. When orthographic views shall be included in each axonometric view. See Fig.
are used, the model coordinate system may be used to 5-13(a).
indicate view orientation.
17
1.2
20 ES
SU A B AC
RFA D URF
CE C 4S
S
5 S
0. CE
FA
0. A
R
U
A
S
2
4
C
.5
9
Z
9
B B1
.5
C1
.5
Y X 9
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
B2
(a) Initial attitude of model geometry and annotation.

C
B
A
1.2 CES
A
RF
SU
20
Z
Y
D
4S
UR
FA
C ES
B 9 4
.5 SU
B2 RF
0 A
CE
(b) Rotated 90 about the Z axis. 0. .5
2 A S
9 A
.5
B1
5.2.3
Fig. 5-5 Annotation Planes Relative to Model Geometry
18
50.0 Visual
0.1 50 0 response
2 .12 FEATURES
4 A
1.6 HOLE_3
04 A HOLE_4
1.7
0 2 HOLE_5
.08 HOLE_6
Query
A
Y HOLE_7
B HOLE_8
SHAFT_1
Attribute SHAFT_1_END
Z SHAFT_2
X response
SHAFT_2_END
SURF_1
8X Filter:
C 5
0 .4 0.4 Cancel
.1
M 0
C
BM
(a) Individual feature.
50.0
0.1 50 0
2 .12
A FEATURES
4
1.6 HOLE_1
04 A
1 HOLE_2
0 .72
.08 Attribute HOLE_3
A Query HOLE_4
response
Y HOLE_5
B HOLE_6
HOLE_7
Z HOLE_8
X SHAFT_1
Visual SHAFT_1_END
response SHAFT_2
8X Filter:
C 5
0 .4 0.4
.1 Cancel
M 0
C
BM
(b) One feature of a pattern.
50.0
0.1 50 0
4 2 .12
1.6 A
04 FEATURES
1.7 A
0 2 HOLE_PTRN_8X
.08
A Attribute HOLE_1
response HOLE_2
B Y HOLE_3
HOLE_4
HOLE_5
Z HOLE_6
X HOLE_7
Visual response HOLE_8
Query
(All eight associative SHAFT_1
features) SHAFT_1_END
8X
C 5 Filter:
0 .4 0.4
.1
M 0 Cancel
C
BM
(c) Pattern of features.
5.2.7(b)(2)
Fig. 5-6 Graphic Display of Associated Annotation
19 --``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Part Name : CHASSIS

Surface ID : 11
Color : 19-Blue
Surface Type : PLANAR
Associated PMI
FC11 : Valid F10
FC12 Note
F11
DF13 Part Name & Number : CHASSIS 123-4567-001
NT1
Text : Point 19-Blue
Label : NT1
Associated Entities : F9
F10
F11
Validity Status : Valid
5.2.7(c)
Fig. 5-7 Listing of Digital Element Identifiers
Visual response: All datum feature symbols and datum target symbols respond.
Query
2 X
0 5 C2
.16 .922
M 6.1
A 2 Y
B
C

13
A
A2
C1
X A3
B2
A1 13
B1
5.2.7(e)(1)
Fig. 5-8 Queries for Datum Feature Symbols and Datum Target Symbols
20 --``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Query
0.2
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

13
A1
Y
0.4 X
0.2 A
A A Z
Visual
response

A1
13
A2
Visual
C1 response
(a) Targets with the same datum letter.
C2
Visual 0.2 Query

response

13
A1
Y
0.4 X
0.2 A
A A Z
Visual
response

13
A3
A2
Visual
C1 response
C2 5.2.7(e)(2)
(b) Datum feature symbols and datum targets.
5.2.7(e)(3)
Fig. 5-9 Queries for Datum Targets
21
X
C2

25 A
0.
Query
.9
16
2 B
Y
26 C
.1
2

A2 13
A
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
X C1
A3

B2 A1 13
Z
Visual
B1
response
(a) Feature control frame and corresponding coordinate system.

Visual

25
0.
.9
16
response X
2 B
M
26 C
C2
.1
A
Y
Query

A2 13
Visual A
response
Z
X C1
A3
B2
A1 13
Y
Visual
response
Z
5.2.7(e)(4)
B1 (b) Annotation and supplemental geometry.
5.2.7(f)
Fig. 5-10 Queries for Coordinates and Supplemental Geometry
22
1
.6
7
A
3
9
.5
M
7
3
0

X
B
2
A
0.4
M
3s
2
urf A
9.
14
9
0.
ace
8.

s
C
Z
.5
0
R 1.5 Y X
C
2X
9.2
.9 M
8 C
B
A
M
.14 A
0
0.06
Model 123-4567
5.3
Fig. 5-11 Annotated Model
(b) Section Views. Section views may be created from part [see Fig. 5-13(a), (b)], or by display of the curves
axonometric views. A section view may be orthographic overlaid on the view that result from intersecting the
or axonometric. cutting plane with the part [see Fig. 5-13(c)].
(1) Cutting Plane. A representation of a cutting (3) Rotation of a Section Taken from Axonometric
plane shall be used to indicate the location and viewing Views. Sections taken from axonometric views may be
direction of a section. The edges of the cutting plane presented in the same orientation as the parent view or
shall be solid or phantom lines. A visible viewing arrow may be rotated to present the section in the viewing
or arrows shall be included to show the direction in plane of the drawing.
which the section is viewed. See Fig. 5-13. To relate the
(4) Offset Sections. The use of a stepped or offset
cutting plane to its section view, uppercase letters such
cutting line is supported in axonometric views. The re-
as A, B, C, etc., shall be placed near the viewing arrow
sulting section cut geometry may be shown in its true
or arrows. The corresponding section views are identi-
fied as SECTION A, or SECTION A-A when two viewing position on the design model or drawn as if the offsets
arrows are used. Section letters should be used in alpha- were in one plane.
betical order, excluding I, O, Q, S, X, Y, and Z. When (5) Aligned Sections. The use of a cutting plane line
the alphabet is exhausted, additional sections shall be containing angular changes is supported in axonometric
indicated using double letters in alphabetical order, as views. The resulting section may show all features in
in AA, AB, AC, etc., or AA-AA, AB-AB, etc., when two their true position on the design model or be drawn as
viewing arrows are used. if the bent cutting plane and features were rotated into
(2) Depiction of Section Cut. The result of the section a plane perpendicular to the line of sight of the sec-
cut may be shown either by removing material from the tional view.
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
23
Y X
Design Model 123-4567
NOTE:
1. THIS DRAWING SHALL BE USED WITH MODEL 123-4567
FOR COMPLETE PRODUCT DEFINITION.
8.99.2 0.06
1.57
0.14 M A B 1.43
C
0.2 A
2X 37.5937.61
0 M A X X
Z 41.5041.65
B Y
0.14 M B
0.4 A
2X CR 1.50.5
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
8.99.2
0.4 A
0.14 M A B C M
2 SURFACES
1234567
Engineering Drawing 123-4567

5.3
Fig. 5-12 Design Model and Drawing
24
FIG. 5-13(a) & (b)
NOTE:
Z
Y X
Z X
Y
Y
SECTION A
X
1234567
(a) Drawing with axonometric views.
NOTE:
FOR COMPLETE PRODUCT DEFINITION. 1
7.6
93 A
.5
37 0 M
2X
B
.57
Z 31
1.4
B Y X
Y X B
.65
41 1.50 0.12
4
SECTION B
A
5.3.2(a)
1234567
5.3.2(b)(1)
(b) Drawing with axonometric section view.
5.3.2(b)(2)
Fig. 5-13 Axonometric Views
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
25
FIG. 5-13(c)
NOTES:
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Z
B Y X
1234567
(c) Section curves shown in an axonometric view.
Fig. 5-13 Axonometric Views (Contd)
(6) Foreshortened and Aligned Features. Features may 6.2.1 Notes Area Annotation Plane. When general
be shown in their actual position, without foreshorten- notes, flagnotes, and special notations are placed in a
ing or alignment, when the section is made from an model, they shall be placed on a single annotation plane
axonometric view. that does not rotate with the model. This annotation
(7) Rotation of Features. Features may be shown in plane shall be available for display with the annotated
their actual location when shown in a section view cut model.
from an axonometric view. 6.2.2 General Notes. General notes do not require
associativity. General notes may include default toler-
6 NOTES AND SPECIAL NOTATIONS ance(s) for the entire model.
This Section establishes requirements for the applica- 6.2.3 Local Notes. Local notes shall be associative to
tion of notes and special notations used with a model, the applicable digital elements in the model.
a drawing, or a combination of both. 6.2.4 Flagnotes. When a flagnote is placed in a model,
the following shall apply.
6.1 Common Requirements (a) The flagnote symbol, note number, and text shall
There are no common requirements for notes and be placed on the notes area annotation plane.
special notations. (b) The flagnote symbol, note number and text shall
be associative to the digital elements to which it applies.
6.2 Model Requirements (c) The flagnote symbol and note number shall be
The following paragraphs describe requirements for shown adjacent to the applicable digital elements in the
models. model.
26
Table 7-1 Resolved Dimension Examples

ASME Y14.41
Model Value Resolved
ASME Y14.5 [Note (3)] Dimension Application Example
Basic [Note (1)] 88.4100000... 88.4 88.4

7.5

Size [Note (2)] 7.0000000... 7.0 7.0
Linear 19.6666666... 19.67 19.670.12

+0.8
CR 3.2
Radial 3.1500000... 3.2 0
28.60.4
Angular 28.5918273... 28.6
Single Limit [Note (1)] 12.0000000 12 12 MIN

Reference [Note (1)] 21.6018043 21.6 (21.6)
GENERAL NOTE: Table referenced in paras. 3.1.1(b)(3) and 7.1.1.

NOTES:
(1) Linear, radial, angular, diametral, or spherical diameter.
(2) Linear, diametral or spherical diameter.
(3) The values shown are examples. Actual values will reflect the defined precision of the model
and the rounding requirements of each particular application.
(d) The flagnote symbol and note number shown requirements for associativity and dimensions on a
adjacent to the digital elements in the model shall rotate model or drawing. Linear, radial, and angular dimen-
with the model. sions are addressed in Section 8.
6.2.5 Special Notations. When special notations, as
defined in ASME Y14.100, are placed in a model, the 7.1 Common Requirements
following shall apply: The following paragraphs address requirements for
(a) When the special notations are applicable to the model values and resolved dimensions. Model values
entire model, the notation shall be placed on the notes are obtained for one of the following purposes:
area annotation plane. (a) To determine the location and orientation of sur-
(b) When the special notations are applicable only to faces.
a portion of a model, the special notations symbol and (b) To determine the distance or angle between two
its associated text shall be placed on the notes area.
surfaces.
(c) Annotation plane in accordance with para. 6.2.1.
(c) To determine the position (basic location and ori-
The special notations symbol shall be shown adjacent
entation) of features of size.
to the applicable digital elements in the model. The
special notation symbol shall be associative to the digital (d) To determine the feature relation (the basic hole-
elements to which it applies. to-hole spacing and orientation) dimensions within a
pattern of features of size.
6.3 Drawing Requirements (e) To determine the shape (curvature) of surfaces.
The following paragraph describes requirements for (f) To determine the size value for a feature of size or
drawings. a pattern of features of size. Model value queries (a)
6.3.1 Local Notes in Axonometric Views. The local through (d) shall always be conducted in relation to the
note shall have a leader line(s) that clearly indicates the absolute or a user defined model coordinate system of
feature(s) that is related to the note. the design model. For queries (e) and (f), direct interro-
gation of the model surface or feature of size is usually
7 MODEL VALUES AND DIMENSIONS conducted.
This Section establishes the requirements for model 7.1.1 Resolved Dimensions. Dimensions displayed
value query, and resolved, basic, size, and limit dimen- on a model are resolved dimensions. For examples of
sions in a data set. This Section also contains the common resolving model values to displayed dimensions, see
27 --``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
.5
95
R
3.2
5
6.3
3X
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Y
115

22 7.2.1(c)
.2
7.2.1(d)
7.2.1(e)
Fig. 7-1 Placement and Attachment of Basic Dimensions
Table 7-1. The requirements for resolved dimensions 7.2.1 Basic Dimensions. Queried model values shall
follow. be interpreted as basic dimensions unless superseded
(a) To obtain a resolved dimension, a model value by a toleranced dimension or defined as a reference
shall be rounded to the number of decimal places dimension. See para. 3.1.1(a)(9).
required for the design. (a) Basic Dimensions. Querying of the model for the
(b) All resolved dimensions shall be absolute values profile, location, and orientation of a feature shall occur
in accordance with ASME Y14.5M. within the appropriate model coordinate system. See
(c) Rounding shall be in accordance with IEEE/ASTM paras. 7.1 and 9.2.1(a).
SI 10. (b) Displaying Basic Dimensions. The display of basic
(d) Resolved Dimension Preservation and Association. A dimensions may be necessary in defining some model
direct and permanent association to the originating
relationships. This is applicable to the location of datum
model value shall be established and maintained for
targets, an inclined datum feature, and features that may
every resolved dimension.
appear to be ninety degrees but the actual model angle
(e) Utilization of Model or Resolved Dimensions. The use
is other than ninety. Displayed basic dimensions shall
of model values or resolved dimensions for analyses
be enclosed in a box in accordance with ASME Y14.5M.
and other processes shall be defined in appropriate doc-
umentation. (c) Placement. Basic dimensions should be placed in
annotation planes that are parallel with one of the planes
7.2 Model Requirements of the absolute or a user-defined model coordinate sys-
Requirements for attaching and displaying basic and tem. An example of an exception is the 3X 6.35 basic
size dimensions on a model are defined in the following dimension shown in Fig. 7-1.
paragraphs. Linear, radial, and angular dimensions are (d) Attachment to Surface Features. Basic dimensions
addressed in Section 8. defining surface curvature or extent, such as fillets,
28
S 4
0
40.15
.00 5H
. 75
2X1
M1
12.
18 0

1 0.0
8
9.8 Z
0 0.22
.05
Y
X
6X
6.05
12 13.5 6.21
0.
2
25
25 .75
.55
7.2.2(b)(3)
Fig. 7-2 Placement and Attachment of Size Dimensions
rounds, or chamfers, shall be directed to the feature (b) Placement and Attachment. The placement and
surface by a leader. See Fig. 7-1. attachment methods for size dimensions are as follows.
(e) Attachment with Dimension and Extension Lines. (1) Spherical Surface. The size dimension and leader
Basic dimensions defining linear distance or angular shall be placed on an annotation plane containing the
relation are shown using dimension and extension lines. feature centerpoint.
See Fig. 7-1. (2) Cylindrical Surface. The size dimension and
NOTE: The use of a rectangular coordinate tabulation chart for leader shall be placed on an annotation plane perpendic-
basic dimensions can reduce or eliminate the need for dimension ular to the feature axis or containing the feature axis.
and extension lines. See ASME Y14.5 for examples. (3) Set of Two Opposed Parallel Surfaces (a width). The
size dimension, dimension, and extension lines shall
7.2.2 Size Dimensions. A displayed feature of size
be placed on an annotation plane perpendicular to or
dimension shall always include a tolerance.
containing the feature center plane. The extension lines
(a) Size Dimension and Model Agreement. A size dimen- shall clearly indicate the surfaces comprising the width.
sion shall agree with the queried model value for the See Fig. 7-2 for examples.
same feature when the model value is rounded to the
same number of decimal places. This agreement shall 7.3 Drawing Requirements
meet one of the following requirements, depending on
Basic dimensions not displayed on a drawing shall
the tolerance expression used.
be obtained by querying of the model.
(1) Bilateral or Unilateral Tolerance. The displayed
size dimension shall equal the resolved model value. 7.3.1 Presentation of Dimensions in Axonometric
(2) Limit Dimensions. The resolved model value may Views. Requirements for dimensions on axonometric
equal one of the limit dimensions, or be any value within views of a drawing are defined in the following para-
the displayed range of limits. graphs.
29
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Table 8-1 Plus and Minus Tolerance Applications

Attachment Technique
Size Directed Extension
General Applications Callout Leader Lines Paragraph Figure
Fillets, Rounds, Chamfers ... D ... 8.2.1 8-1

Reliefs, Step Surfaces ... ... D ... 8-2
Countersinks D ... ... ... 8-3(a)
Oblique Surfaces ... ... D ... 8-3(b)
Entry Depth and Spotface D ... ... 8.2.2 8-4(a)(b)
Remaining Thickness ... ... D 8.2.2 8-4(c)
Notches, Flats, and Pin Height ... ... D ... 8-5
GENERAL NOTE: Table referenced in paras. 8.2 and 8.2.1.
(a) Displayed Dimensions. Axonometric views are true 8.3 Drawing Requirements
dimensions. Dimensions shown in an axonometric view Use existing drawing standards for plus and minus
shall be actual values. tolerances. See para. 1.2.
(b) Displayed Basic Dimensions. Basic dimensions shall
be enclosed in a box in accordance with ASME Y14.5M.
(c) Dimension Leader Lines. Leader lines shall be used 9 DATUM APPLICATIONS
to relate a dimension to a cylindrical feature. The leader This Section establishes practices for organizing, at-
line shall be directed to the intersection of the cylindrical taching, and displaying datum feature symbols, datum
feature and a surface. Leader lines shall terminate with targets, and related information associative with models.
an arrowhead. Requirements and recommendations for correlating da-
tum features to the coordinate axes of the model space
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
are given.
8 PLUS AND MINUS TOLERANCES
This Section establishes the placement, attachment, 9.1 Common Requirements
and display requirements for plus and minus tolerances There are no exceptions or additions to existing stan-
in a data set. dards that are common for datum applications. See
para. 1.2.
8.1 Common Requirements
9.2 Model Requirements
One or more general notes defining plus and minus
tolerances may be specified. The following paragraphs describe requirements ap-
plicable to models.
8.2 Model Requirements 9.2.1 Datum Reference Frames and Model Coordinate
Table 8-1 lists general applications for plus and minus Systems. The following requirements apply to the rela-
tolerance of linear, radial, and angular dimensions. The tionship between the datum reference frames on the
attachment method generally used is shown. model and the model coordinate systems.
NOTE: The features listed in Table 8-1 do not comprise an exhaus-
(a) Datum Reference Frame and Coordinate System Corre-
tive list, and define requirements that are applicable to similar and spondence. Each datum reference frame shall be associ-
other valid applications. The omission of a particular application ated to a corresponding model coordinate system.
is not cause to consider the application invalid. (b) Datum Reference Frame and Coordinate System Asso-
ciativity. A definite visual relationship between any da-
8.2.1 Chamfers. Attachment for 90 deg surface inter-
tum reference frame and the corresponding coordinate
sections with an equally disposed chamfer is indicated
system shall be preserved throughout navigation and
in Table 8-1. Oblique surface intersections, unequally
interrogation of the presented design data.
disposed extents, or chamfers defined using a linear and
(c) Multiple Datum Reference Frame and Coordinate Sys-
angular dimension require the use of dimension and
tems Relationship. When more than one datum reference
extension lines. See Figs. 8-1(d) and (e). The value shall
frame is imposed upon a model, each distinguished
be located and oriented in a manner that is clear.
datum reference frame-to-coordinate system relation-
8.2.2 Depth Specification. When a feature depth is ship shall be clearly presented and maintained. See Figs.
governed by a remaining thickness tolerance, the feature 9-1(a), (b), and (c) for an example of multiple datum
tolerance and the remaining thickness requirement reference frames and coordinate systems organized in
should be an associated group. See Fig. 8-4(c). a single design presentation.
30
Z
0.2
3.2
CR
4X
X
Y
0 1
.5
R0
Z 4X
(a) Fillets and rounds. Z
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
X
Y
X
.5
5 0 Y
X
0.5 2
5 X
45
4X 0.5
5
4X
(b) Chamfer equal offsets.
(c) Chamfer offset and 45degree angle.

Z
Y
15
.
5

8.
0.
5
3
1
5
28
0.
.5
1
.6

0
0.
.3
4
(d) Chamfer unequal offsets.
(e) Chamfer offset and angle. Table 8-1
8.2.1
Fig. 8-1 Attachment Techniques: Fillets, Rounds, and Chamfers
31
Z X
1
6
0.5
CR1
2X (a) Relief.
Y X
4.1
2 0

0.0
5
(b) Step surfaces.
4.3
0.1
0
Table 8-1
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Fig. 8-2 Attachment Techniques: Reliefs and Step Surfaces
32
4X
3
7 .54.
0 0
.2 X
100

1
Y
X
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(a) Countersinks.
45
2

Z
Y
X
(b) Oblique surfaces.

Table 8-1
Fig. 8-3 Attachment Techniques: Countersinks and Oblique Surfaces
9.2.2 Identification of Datum Features. The following (4) Identification of a Set of Two Opposed, Parallel
paragraphs describe requirements for identification of Planes (a width). The datum feature symbol and the di-
datum features on models. mension and extension lines are placed on an annotation
(a) Identification of Datum Features. Fig. 9-2 demon- plane perpendicular to the width centerplane. The size
strates symbol attachment methods for identifying the limits shall be organized and displayed similarly as
datum features of a model. The datum feature symbol shown. See datum C and datum E in Fig. 9-2(a).
should be attached to the surface representing the datum (5) Identification of Limited Area Application. When
feature. Single extension lines of feature outlines should the surface containing a datum feature also contains an
not be used for attachment of datum feature symbols. area of limited application of a geometric tolerance, the
Particular requirements and the preferred methods gov- limited area of application is represented on the model
erning each of the four fundamental datum feature types using supplemental geometry. See Fig. 9-3.
are given in the following paragraphs. (b) Associativity of Datum Features and Design Data. A
(1) Identification of a Planar Surface Datum. The da- query of any datum feature of the model shall permit
tum feature symbol is placed on an annotation plane access to all relevant information for the datum feature.
perpendicular to the surface with the leader attached, This includes the datum feature symbol, the size limits
terminating in a triangle. See datum D in Fig. 9-2(a). (if applicable), any applied geometric tolerance, and the
(2) Identification of a Spherical Surface Datum. The relevant coordinate system.
datum feature symbol is attached as shown to the size
limits imposed upon the feature. See datum F in Fig. 9.2.3 Datum Target Identification and Attachment.
9-2(a). The following paragraphs describe the requirements for
(3) Identification of a Cylindrical Surface Datum. The attaching, associating, and displaying datum targets on
datum feature symbol is attached as shown to the size models.
limits imposed upon the feature. See datum B and datum (a) V-Type Equalizers. When the design requires the
G in Fig. 9-2(a). use of V-type equalizers, the display presentation
33
5 H
0. 7
7
5 0.
4X
M
4X
Y
Z
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(a) Entry depth. Y
8
.1
0.
9

8
15
8.

X
Y
(b) Spotface.
Z
0.1
3
4
0.
(An associative group)

3
.9
4
6 .1
.3 3.1.1(b)(7)
6.7
Table 8-1
(c) Remaining thickness.
8.2.2
Fig. 8-4 Attachment Techniques: Depth, Spotface, Remaining, Thickness
method of Fig. 9-4(a) is created. The V-type equalizers is established by targets on two cylindrical datum fea-
are represented by supplemental geometry tangent to tures. The target for datum A is a cylindrical area, and
the cylindrical datum feature, and the leader of a datum the targets for datum B are three equally spaced points.
target symbol is attached. (e) Establishing a Circular Datum Target Line on a Cylin-
(b) Movable Datum Targets. When a datum target does drical Surface. When the designated target for a cylindri-
not have a fixed location, the target may be represented cal datum feature is a circular line, the display and at-
as supplemental geometry. The movable target symbol tachment method shown in Fig. 9-6(b) is employed,
of ASME Y14.8M shall be attached. See Fig. 9-4(b). The
using supplemental geometry to represent the circular
direction of movement shall be indicated.
datum target line.
(c) Establishing Datum Axis Targets on a Single Interior
Cylindrical Surface. A primary datum axis in Fig. 9-5 is (f) Distinguishing Datum Target Areas. Datum target
established by two sets of three equally spaced target areas shall be shown using shading or crosshatching.
points.
(d) Establishing Datum Axis Targets on Two Exterior 9.2.4 Multiple Features Establishing a Datum. When
Cylindrical Surfaces. The primary datum axis in Fig. 9-6(a) two or more features are combined to establish a datum,
34
.2
0
.6
12
.3
0
8.4 Z
Y X
Y
Z
CR
(a) Notches.
Y
Z
0
Y 1
Z 10 18
.68
0
0
X .03
10
.68 .8
0.
X 0
0 3 0
12
(b) Flats on cylinders.

Z X
(c) Pin heights.
Y
Table 8-1
Fig. 8-5 Attachment Techniques: Notches, Flats, and PIN Heights
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
35
FIG. 9-1 (a) Datum reference

query
C
.05 A B
25
.85 M
24 0.22 A
M
2X 0

H
A
X 0.2
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Y D
X
Z
Y A
Z
Y
B
X C
Z
Visual response
(absolute coordinates)
(a) Absolute coordinates corresponding to a datum system.

9.2.1(c)
Fig. 9-1 Datum System and Coordinates Relationship
associativity shall be established in the design presenta- feature separates the surfaces being toleranced, the pro-
tion. For several common instances, the following dis- file tolerance shall be attached to one of the surfaces but
play and associativity requirements apply. not both. See Fig. 9-10.
(a) A Pattern of Features Establishing a Datum Axis.
When a pattern of features of size is used to establish 9.3 Drawing Requirements
a datum axis, the involved features of the model and any
applied tolerance for these features shall be organized as Datum features in axonometric views shall be indi-
an associated group. See Fig. 9-7. cated as follows.
(b) Two Coaxial Cylinders Establishing a Single Datum (a) Datum Reference Frame and Model Coordinate System
Axis. When two coaxial and cylindrical datum features Correspondence. The corresponding model coordinate
are used to establish a single, common datum axis, the system shall be displayed in each axonometric view in
involved features of the model and any applied toler- which a datum reference frame is cited.
ance for these features shall be organized as an associ- (b) Identification of Datum Features in Axonometric
ated group. See Fig. 9-8. Views. The following paragraphs describe requirements
(c) Co-planar Surfaces Establishing a Datum Plane. When for identification of datum features in axonometric
two or more coplanar surface features are used to estab- views:
lish a datum plane, the involved model surfaces and any (1) The datum feature symbol should be attached
applied tolerance for these surfaces shall be organized as to the model surface representing the datum feature. A
an associated group. See Fig. 9-9. When an intervening single extension line of a feature of the model outline
36
FIG. 9-1 (b) & (c)

Z
Datum reference
query
B
M
H
.7 A Y
5 M
5.6 0 X
Z
Z
Y C
M
2 E
6.2 D
. 1 2 M
6 1
0.1
X 5X
X
Y 3.5
1
.3 B
13 D C
Visual response
M
(user-defined coordinates) 6
0.1 M D
0

E
(b) Userdefined coordinates corresponding to a datum system.
Z (Absolutes)
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
B
M
H
.7 A Y
5 M
5.6 0 X Datum reference
query
Z
Z
Y C
M
2 E
6.2 D
.1 2 M
6 1
0.1
X 5X
X .5
Y 13
(Userdefined) 3.3 C B
1 D

M
6 Visual response
0.1 M D
0 (userdefined coordinates)

E
(c) Multiple userdefined coordinate systems.
Fig. 9-1 Datum System and Coordinates Relationship (Contd)
37
S
40 +0
.1 F
0 5
6X E

6.0
5
6 .21 15.
1
15. 8
10
G

20
0.2 Z
Y
B X
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(a) Direct attachment. A
C
21
.65
S +
0 0.1
S 40+0.1 .10 5
0.0 0 5
7 M
A
F B

0.
52
6X A
M
G
M
6.
05 C
B

6. M
21
15
.
15 18
.10
0
Z
20 .1
0 M
.2 A
Y 0 M
B X A
B
A E C
9.2.2(a)
0. 9.2.2(a)(1)
12
21 0
(b) Feature control frames. 9.2.2(a)(2)

.6 .16
5
+0 0.1 M
.1 0 A
5
9.2.2(a)(3)
C
9.2.2(a)(4)
B
M
9.3(b)(2)
Fig. 9-2 Datum Feature Symbol Attachments
38
0.2
X Y
5.2.6
9.2.2(a)(5)
Z 10.2.1(a)
Table 10-1
Fig. 9-3 Partial Surface as a Datum Feature
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
should not be used for attachment of datum feature 10.2.1 Form Tolerances. The feature control frame
symbols in an axonometric view. shall be placed on an annotation plane parallel to, per-
(2) Datum feature symbols may be attached to the pendicular to, or coincident with the surface to which
dimension for features of size when the feature is used it applies. See Fig. 10-1. Table 10-1 lists the form toler-
to define a datum. See Fig. 9-2. ances with the type of attachment method used when
(c) V-Type Equalizers Using Axonometric Views. When a single form tolerance is applied.
the design requires the use of V-type equalizers, the (a) Flatness, Limited Area Application. A limited area of
display presentation method of Fig. 9-11(a) is created. application shall be represented on the model using
The V-type equalizers are represented by supplemental supplemental geometry. The leader directed from the
geometry tangent to the cylindrical datum feature, and flatness feature control frame shall be attached within
the leader of a datum target symbol is attached. the represented area. See Fig. 9-3.
(d) Movable Datum Targets Using Axonometric Views. (b) Circularity Applied to a Sphere, Cylinder, Cone, or a
When a datum target does not have a fixed location, Surface of Revolution. The feature control frame shall be
the target may be represented as supplemental geome- placed on an annotation plane perpendicular to the fea-
try. The movable target symbol of ASME Y14.8M shall ture of the model axis, or containing the center point of
be attached. See Fig. 9-11(b). The direction of movement a sphere. See Fig. 10-2.
shall be indicated. (c) Straightness Applied to the Line Elements of a Cylindri-
cal or Conical Surface. The feature control frame shall be
placed on an annotation plane containing the axis of the
10 GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES feature surface. See Fig. 10-6.
This Section establishes the placement, attachment, 10.2.2 Orientation Tolerances. The orientation fea-
and display requirements for geometric tolerances. ture control frame shall be placed on an annotation plane
parallel or perpendicular to the referenced primary
10.1 Common Requirements datum. Table 10-2 lists the orientation tolerances with
the attachment method used when an orientation toler-
A general note defining a geometric tolerance may ance is directly applied.
be specified. More than one tolerance may be specified.
(a) Each Element Directed by Line Element. When using
multiple datum references, the orientation feature con-
10.2 Model Requirements
trol frame and the EACH ELEMENT qualifier shall be
The following paragraphs address the placement, placed on an annotation plane containing the repre-
attachment, and display requirements for geometric tol- sented line element indicating the direction of applica-
erances associated with the features of a model. tion. See Fig. 10-9.
39
B2 Y
B1
(a) Vtype equalizer datum target planes.
0.2
1
13
A
0.4 X
0.2 A Z
A A
2
13
A
A
3
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
C1
C2 (b) Datum targets and symbols. 9.2.3(a)
9.2.3(b)
Fig. 9-4 Datum Targets and Symbols Attachment
40
A4
0.0 A5
5
A
A1
Z
X A6
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A2
B
A3
9.2.3(c)
Fig. 9-5 Equalizing Target Points Establish a Datum Axis on an Internal Cylindrical Surface
(b) Each Element Directed by Ordinate Axis. The orienta- plane parallel or perpendicular to the referenced pri-
tion feature control frame and the EACH ELEMENT mary datum. See Fig. 10-15.
qualifier shall be placed on an annotation plane parallel (c) Between Basis. When the associated geometry is
and perpendicular with the absolute coordinate system not sufficient to indicate the application, labeled supple-
or an established user defined coordinate system. See mental geometry may be added to indicate the boundary
Fig. 10-10. of application. The between symbol may be used to
(c) Orienting an Axis within a Parallel Planes Tolerance clarify the requirement. See Fig. 10-16.
Zone. The orientation feature control frame shall be (d) All-Around Application. When the all-around sym-
attached to the diametral size and any other geometric bol is used, query shall be used to identify the controlled
tolerance requirement. The orientation of the extension surfaces. See Fig. 10-17.
lines defines the orientation of the tolerance zone. See (e) Unilaterally Disposed. When a profile tolerance is
Fig. 10-13. unilaterally disposed, a modifier shall be added to the
10.2.3 Profile Tolerances. When an individual profile feature control frame immediately following the toler-
requirement is specified, it shall be attached using a ance value. A value shall be added after the modifier to
directed leader. Table 10-3 lists individual profile appli- show the amount of the tolerance zone outward from
cations. the surface. When the tolerance zone is outward, the
(a) Conical Surface or a Surface of Revolution. The feature value following the modifier will be identical to the
control frame shall be placed on an annotation plane tolerance value. When the tolerance zone is inward, the
perpendicular to or containing the feature axis. See Fig. value following the modifier will be zero. See Fig 10-18
10-14(b). and Mandatory Appendix I.
(b) Multiple or Co-Planar Surfaces. When a profile toler- (f) Unequally Disposed. When a profile tolerance is
ance applies to multiple surfaces, the features of the unequally disposed, a modifier shall be added to the
model shall be combined into an associated group. The feature control frame immediately following the toler-
feature control frame shall be placed on an annotation ance value. A value shall be added after the modifier to
41
0.0
5
A Cylindrical datum target area
B
B1
Y
A1
Z
X
B2
B3
(a) Target points and cylindrical target area.
0.0
5
A
B
B1
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A1
Z
X
(b) Circular target line and cylindrical target area.
Circular datum target line 9.2.3(d)
9.2.3(e)
Fig. 9-6 Two Cylindrical Features Establish a Datum Axis
42
.08 .85 A B
0 0 M 0 6
1
A C 6.6 M
0
M Z 8X
0.04 C

X
Y
.0
117
.5
1 16

(a) Placement and attachment.
B
Visual response
A
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
.08 5
6.8 A
B
0 M 0
10 C 6 .6 M
A 0
M Z 8X
4 C
0.0

X Query
Y
7.0
11
6.5
11

B
(b) Datum feature symbol associativity.

9.2.4(a)
Fig. 9-7 Pattern of Features Establish a Datum Axis
show the amount of the tolerance zone outward from system or an established user-defined coordinate sys-
the surface. The remainder of the tolerance is inward. tem. See Fig. 10-21.
See Fig. 10-19 and Mandatory Appendix I.
(g) Profile of a Line Directed by Line Element. The feature 10.2.4 Location Tolerances. The location feature con-
control frame shall be placed on an annotation plane trol frame shall be placed on an annotation plane parallel
containing the represented line element, parallel and or perpendicular to the referenced primary datum. Table
perpendicular to the absolute coordinate system or an 10-4 identifies location tolerance applications and the
established user-defined coordinate system. See Fig. attachment method used.
10-20. (a) Positioning Feature Patterns Individually to Individual
(h) Profile of a Line Directed by Ordinate Axis. The fea- Datum Features. Each individual pattern of features of
ture control frame shall be placed on an annotation plane the model and the required individual datum feature of
parallel and perpendicular to the absolute coordinate the model shall be collected as an associated group. A
43
5
0.0
0
50
.12
0.0
8
A B
B
Y
3
0.0
0
3 0.1
2
A
Z
X
1
00
.10

0.0 100.
5 21
A
B
9.2.4(b)
Fig. 9-8 Two Coaxial Features Establish a Datum Axis
model coordinate system representing each individual all-around symbol applies to the profile control, and the
datum system shall be established. See Fig. 10-22. tolerance qualification note BOUNDARY applies to the
(b) Projected Tolerance Zones. The leader for a position position control. See Fig. 10-27.
or orientation tolerance applied with a projected toler-
ance zone shall be directed to the surface from which 10.2.5 Runout Tolerances. Table 10-5 lists runout
the tolerance zone projects and terminate with an arrow- applications and the attachment method generally used.
head. The feature control frame shall contain the pro- Applications of circular runout to a spherical, conical,
jected tolerance zone symbol and the required projection or revolved surface are also listed.
value. The use of a chain line to indicate projected toler- (a) Attachment Methods for Runout Tolerances. The use
ance, as described in ASME Y14.5M, is not recom- of multiple leader lines should be avoided when
mended. See Fig. 10-23. assigning runout tolerances. When the same runout con-
(c) Closer Control at One End of a Feature. The size trol with the same tolerance value and datum refer-
dimension and both feature control frames shall be col- ence(s) is applied to multiple features, one of the
lected as an associated group. For a conical tolerance following methods may be used:
zone, the leaders for the positional tolerances shall be (1) Create a single runout feature control frame for
directed to the surface to which it applies. See Fig. 10-24. all identically controlled surfaces, and associate it to all
(d) Bi-Directional Positional Tolerancing for Polar and applicable model surfaces. A note indicating the number
Rectangular Coordinates. The callouts specifying the bi- of surfaces to which the tolerance applies may be
directional requirements shall be placed on the same included for additional associativity emphasis. See Figs.
annotation plane as the size specification for the feature. 10-29(a) and (b).
See Fig. 10-26. (2) Define the geometric tolerance in a general note.
(e) Combined Surface Profile and Position Tolerance for (3) Create and attach a separate runout feature con-
Non-Cylindrical Features. The profile and position feature trol frame to each of the toleranced surfaces. See Fig.
control frames may be combined using one leader. The 10-29(c).
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 44
Y A
4X
X
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
0 5.5
.15 5-5
M .70
A
B Z
4S
UR
FA
B C
4S 0.2 ES
UR A
FA
C ES
0
3 S .6
UR A
FA B
CE (a) Placement and attachment.
S
Y A
4X
X
0 5.5
.15 5-5 Visual
M .70 response
A
B Z
4S
UR
FA
B C
4S 0.2 ES
UR A
FA
CE
S
Query
(b) Datum feature symbol associativity.

3 S 0.6
UR A
FA B
CE
S
9.2.4(c)
Fig. 9-9 Co-Planar Surfaces Establish a Datum Plane
45
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIG. 9-10 (a), (b), & (c)

2S
UR 0.
FA 1
CE
S B
B
A
5
0.1
A
X
Y
2S
UR 0.
FA 1
CE
S B Z (a) Placement and attachment.
B
A
5
0.1
DFS query
A Visual
response
X 2S
UR 0.1
Y FA
CE
S B
B
A DFS query
5
0.1
Visual
A
Z response
X
(b) Datum feature symbol associativity. Y
Z
5.2.7(b)(1)
(c) Datum feature symbol associativity.
9.2.4(c)
Fig. 9-10 Separated Surfaces Establish a Datum Plane
46
FIG. 9-10 (d), (e), & (f) Visual

FCF query
response
2S
UR 0.1
FA
CE
S B
B
A
5
0.1
Visual
response
A
X
Y
Visual
response
2S 0
UR .1
FA
FCF query CE B
S Z
B
A
5 (d) Feature control frame associativity.
0.1
Visual
response
A
X
2S 0
Y UR .1
DRF query FA
CE B
S
B
A
5
0.1
A
Z
X
(e) Feature control frame associativity. Y
Visual
response
(f) Datum reference frame associativity.
Fig. 9-10 Separated Surfaces Establish a Datum Plane (Contd)
47
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
NOTES:
B2 Y
Z
B1
(a) Vtype equalizers and symbols.
NOTES:
0.2
1
13
A
Y
X
0.4
0.2 A
A A Z
2
13
A
A
3
C1
C2
9.3(c)
(b) Datum targets and symbols.
9.3(d)
Fig. 9-11 Datum Targets and Symbols in an Axonometric View
48
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Table 10-1 Form Tolerances

Attachment
Technique
Size Directed
Callout Leader Paragraph Figure
Planar Surface ... D 10.2.1 10-1

Limited Area ... D 10.2.1(a) 9-3
Sphere D ... 10-2.1(b) 10-2(a)
Sphere ... D 10-2.1(b) 10-2(b)
Cylinder D ... 10.2.1(b) 10-2(c)
Cylinder ... D 10-2.1(b) 10-2(d)
Conical Surface ... D 10-2.1(b) 10-2(e)
Surface of Revolution ... D 10-2.1(b) 10-2(f)
Cylinder D ... ... 10-3(a)
Cylinder ... D ... 10-3(b)
Planar Surface ... D ... 10-4
Planar Surface ... D ... 10-5
Cylindrical or Conical Surface ... D 10.2.1(c) 10-6
Median Line or Plane D ... ... 10-7
GENERAL NOTE: Table referenced in paras. 3.2.3(a)(1) and 10.2.1.
(b) Circular Runout Applied to a Spherical or Conical (b) Straightness Applied to Line Elements of a Cylindrical
Surface, or a Surface of a Revolution. The circular runout Surface Using Axonometric Views. Straightness feature
frame shall be placed on an annotation plane perpendic- control frame shall be directed to a represented line
ular to the conical or revolved surface axis, or containing element on the cylindrical surface indicating the direc-
the center point of a sphere. See Fig. 10-31. tion of application. See Fig. 10-34(a).
10.3 Drawing Requirements 10.3.3 Orientation Tolerances. The requirements

When using orthographic views, geometric tolerances described in para. 10.3.1 apply unless otherwise spec-
shall be specified in accordance with ASME Y14.5M ified.
unless otherwise specified. When axonometric views are (a) Specifying Each Element Using Axonometric Views.
used, the following paragraphs provide exceptions and The orientation feature control frame and the notation
additional requirements. EACH ELEMENT shall be directed to the represented
line element indicating the direction of application. See
10.3.1 Requirements Applicable to all Geometric Tol- Fig. 10-34(b).
erances (b) Orienting an Axis with a Parallel Planes Tolerance
(a) Toleranced Features on Axonometric Views. A portion Zone Using Axonometric Views. The orientation feature
of the toleranced feature shall be visible in the view in control frame shall be attached to the diametral size and
which the tolerance is applied.
any other geometric tolerance requirement. The orienta-
(b) Feature Control Frame Applied to a Feature of Size. tion of the extension lines defines the orientation of the
When a geometric tolerance is applied to a feature of
tolerance zone. See Fig. 10-35.
size, the feature control frame shall be placed below the
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
size dimension. See Fig. 10-32(a). 10.3.4 Profile Tolerances. The requirements
(c) Feature Control Frame Applied to a Feature. The described in para. 10.3.1 apply unless otherwise spec-
leader line shall terminate on the surface with a dot. ified.
See Fig. 10-32(b). (a) Profile of a surface may be applied to a feature
10.3.2 Form Tolerances. The requirements described that is not displayed in a profile view.
in para. 10.3.1 apply unless otherwise specified. (b) When an individual profile requirement is speci-
(a) Flatness, Limited Area Application Using Axonometric fied, it shall be attached using a directed leader. Table
Views. A limited area of application shall be represented 10-3 lists individual profile applications.
using supplemental geometry. The leader directed from (c) Profile of a surface applied to multiple surfaces.
the flatness feature control frame shall be attached The tolerance shall be specified using one of the fol-
within the represented area. See Fig. 10-33. lowing.
49
NOTE: The annotation planes shown here as dashed lines are for clarification only,
and are not part of an actual presentation.
0.2
0.
2
X Y X Y
5.2.6
Z Z
Table 10-1
(a) Coincident annotation plane. (b) Perpendicular annotation plane.
10.2.1
Fig. 10-1 General Application of Geometric Tolerances Coincident or Perpendicular Annotation Plane
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(1) The feature control frame shall be directed to all (f) Profile of a Surface, Unequally Disposed. When a pro-
of the toleranced features using one or more leader lines. file tolerance is unequally disposed, a modifier shall be
(2) A qualifying note such as 4 SURFACES INDI- added to the feature control frame immediately follow-
CATED K shall accompany the feature control frame ing the tolerance value. A value shall be added after
and the appropriate features shall be identified. See Fig. the modifier to show the amount of the tolerance zone
10-36. outward from the surface. The remainder of the toler-
(3) The between symbol shall be placed beneath ance is inward. See Fig. 10-39 and Mandatory Appen-
the feature control frame. The features shall be identified dix I.
with two lines to indicate the limits of the area of applica- (g) Profile of a Line Using Axonometric Views. When a
tion. The lines shall be labeled and referred to with the line profile callout is required, it shall be applied to a
between symbol. See Fig. 10-37. represented line element showing the direction of appli-
(d) Profile of a Surface Using the All-Around Symbol. cation.
When the all-around symbol is used with a profile of a (h) General Application of Surface Profile. When a sur-
surface, it shall be shown in an orthographic view that face profile callout is required, it shall be applied using
contains the true profile of the toleranced features. a directed leader.
(e) Profile of a Surface, Unilaterally Disposed. When a 10.3.5 Position Tolerances
profile tolerance is unilaterally disposed, a modifier shall
(a) The requirements described in para. 10.3.1 apply
be added to the feature control frame immediately fol-
unless otherwise specified.
lowing the tolerance value. A value shall be added after
(b) When a boundary control for a non-cylindrical
the modifier to show the amount of the tolerance zone
feature is required, the applicable geometric tolerances
outward from the surface. When the tolerance zone is
shall be shown in an orthographic view that contains
outward, the value following the modifier shall be iden-
the true profile of the toleranced feature.
tical to the tolerance value. When the tolerance zone is
inward, the value following the modifier shall be zero. 10.3.6 Runout Tolerances On a Drawing. Runout toler-
See Fig. 10-38 and Mandatory Appendix I. ances shall be applied as described in para. 10.3.1.
50
Table 10-2 Orientation Tolerances

Attachment
Technique
Callout Leader Lines Paragraph Figure
Planar Surface ... D ... ... 10-8
Each Element ... D ... 10.2.2(a) 10-9

Each Element ... D ... 10.2.2(b) 10-10
Inclined Surface ... D ... 10-11
Cylinder D ... ... ... 10-12(a)

Cylinder ... D ... ... 10-12(b)
Width (Set of Opposed Parallel Surfaces) D ... ... ... 10-12(c)

Width (Set of Opposed Parallel Surfaces) ... ... D ... 10-12(d)
Axis Within a Parallel Planes Tolerance Zone D ... ... 10.2.2(c) 10-13(a)
Axis Within a Parallel Planes Tolerance Zone ... ... D ... 10-13(b)
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) All three symbols are shown for applications that apply equally to perpendicularity, parallalism, and angularity.
(b) Table referenced in para. 10.2.2.
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
51
Query
Query
S
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
50 0.1
51
0.1
Visual
Y response
Y
Visual
response
Z Z
X X
(a) Spheresize attachment. (b) Sphereleader attachment.
Query
Y Y
2
02 0.1
1
0.1 Query
Visual Z Visual Z
response X response X
(c) Cylindersize attachment. (d) Cylinderleader attachment.
Visual
Visual
response
response
Y Query Y
Z Z
0.1
Query
0.5
(e) Conical surface.
X X
Table 10-1
(f) Surface of revolution.
10.2.1(b)
Fig. 10-2 Circularity Sphere, Cylinder, Conical, or Revolved Surface
52
Table 10-3 Profile Tolerances

Directed Leader Paragraph Figure
Planar Surface D ... 10-14(a)
Conical or Revolved Surface D 10.2.3(a) 10-14(b)
Multiple or Co-Planar Surfaces D 10.2.3(b) 10-15
Between Basis D 10.2.3(c) 10-16
All-Around Basis D 10.2.3(d) 10-17
Unilaterally Disposed D 10.2.3(e) 10-18
Unequally Disposed D 10.2.3(f) 10-19
Line Elements D 10.2.3(g) 10-20

Line Elements D 10.2.3(h) 10-21
GENERAL NOTE: Table referenced in paras. 10.2.3 and 10.3.4(b).
Table 10-4 Location Tolerances


Callout Leader Lines Paragraph Figure
Individually, to an Individual Datum D ... ... 10.2.4(a) 10-22 (a)

Individually, to an Individual Datum ... D ... 10.2.4(a) 10-22(b)
Projected Tolerance Zone D ... ... 10-2.4(b) 10-23(a)
Projected Tolerance Zone ... D ... 10-2.4(b) 10-23(b)
Extremities of Long Holes D D ... 10.2.4(c) 10-24
Elongated Holes (Slots) Boundary Basis D ... ... ... 10-25(a)

Elongated Holes (Slots) Boundary Basis ... D ... 10-25(b)
Elongated Holes (Slots) Boundary Basis ... ... D ... 10-25(c)
Bi-Directional, Polar or Rectangular Coordinates ... ... D 10.2.4(d) 10-26
Profile and Boundary Position ... D ... 10.2.4(e) 10-27
Derived Median Line D ... ... ... 10-28(a)

Derived Median Line ... D ... ... 10-28(b)
Derived Median Plane ... ... ... 10-28(c)
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
D
Derived Median Plane ... ... D ... 10-28(d)
GENERAL NOTE: Table referenced in para. 10.2.4.
53

30
.00 0
0 30.0 0.0
M
A
M 5 2
50 0.0 A
.0 2
50 0.0
.1 2
0.0
2
X A X
A
Z Z
Y Y
(a) Size callout attachment. (b) Directed leader attachment.
Query
0 0
M M
0.0 A 0.0 A
2 2
50
.0
50 0.0
.1 2
0.0
2
Visual X A X
response A
Z Z
Y Y Visual
response
Query
5.2.7(b)(2)
(c) Feature associativity. (d) Tolerance associativity.
Table 10-1
Fig. 10-3 Cylindricity
54
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Visual response
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
Query
X Y X Y
Z (a) Placement and attachment. Z (b) Feature associativity.
Query
0.2
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Query 0.2
0.1 0.1
Visual Visual
response response
X Y X Y
3.2.3(a)
3.2.3(a)(1)
3.2.3(b)
Z Z
5.2.5(a)
(c) Tolerance direction associativity. (d) Tolerance direction associativity.
Table 10-1
Fig. 10-4 Straightness Directed by Line Element
55
Table 10-5 Runout Tolerances

Size Directed
Callout Leader Paragraph Figure
10.2.5(a)(1),
Associativity 10-29
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
D D
10.2.5(a)(3)
Surface, Perpendicular to a Datum Axis ... D ... 10-30(a)
Cylindrical Surface D ... ... 10-30(b)

Cylindrical Surface ... D ... 10.30(c)
Spherical Surface D ... ... 10-31(a)

Spherical Surface ... D ... 10.31(b)
Conical or Resolved Surface ... D 10.2.5(b) 10-31(c)
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) Both symbols are shown for applications that apply equally to circular and total runout.
(b) Table referenced in para. 10.2.5.
56
Visual response
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
Query
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
X Y X Y
Z (a) Placement and attachment. Z (b) Feature associativity.
Query
Query 0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
X Y X Y
Visual
response
Visual
response
Z Z
5.2.5(b)
(c) Tolerance direction associativity. (d) Tolerance direction associativity.
Table 10-1
Fig. 10-5 Straightness Directed by Ordinate Axis
57
A
30.
29 0
.8
X
Z
8
0.0 Z Y
X
0.
05
(a) Cylindrical surface.

--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Table 10-1
(b) Conical surface.
10.2.1(c)
Fig. 10-6 Straightness Cylindrical or Conical Surface
Y
30.
0
29.8
0.1
M
Z X
X Y
6.7
7
.1
0.1
M
(a) Median line of a cylinder. (b) Median plane of a width.

Table 10-1
Fig. 10-7 Straightness Median Line or Median Plane
58
X
0.1
5
A Y
B
Z
0.1
B 5
A
C
Table 10-2
Fig. 10-8 Orientation Planar Surfaces
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
59
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Z
B
A
0.1 NT
EME
L
C HE A
EA
30.
29 0
.8
B
Visual
response X
Query
Z
B
1 A T
0 . EN
M
LE
C HE A
EA 3.2.3(a)(2)
3.2.3(b)
30.
29 0 5.2.5(a)
.8
Table 10-2
(b) Tolerance direction associativity.
10.2.2(a)
Fig. 10-9 Each Element Orientation Directed by Line Element
60
Z
B
A
0. 1 NT
E ME
L
C HE A
EA
30.
29 0
.8
B
Visual
response X
Query
Z
B
1 A T
0 . EN
M
LE
CHE A
E A
30.
29 0 5.2.5(b)
.8
Table 10-2
(b) Tolerance direction associativity.
10.2.2(b)
Fig. 10-10 Each Element Orientation Directed by Ordinate Axis

--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
61
A
0.2
A
6X B
5
.55
0 5.70
.3 C
M
A
B
C Y
B
Z
X
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Supplemental geometry
used to represent the
true geometric counterpart.
Y
Query
Z
X
A
0.2 (b) Counterpart representation.
A
6X B
5
.55
0 5.70
.3 C
M Visual
A
B response
C
B Y
Z
X (c) Counterpart associativity.
Table 10-2
Fig. 10-11 Orientation Inclined Surface
62
A
.35 A M
30 M 8
Z
. 0 5 3 8 Z 0.3
A 30 0. A

Y Y
X X
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(a) Cylinder size attachment. (b) Cylinder leader attachment.
A
04
50..92 0 M
49 A
0 M B A
A
B
Y
Y X
Z
X
Z
.4 M
3030.1 B
A
M B B
0.3 M 0
M
0
(d) Width extension lines attachment.

(c) Width size attachment.
Table 10-2
Fig. 10-12 Orientation Cylinder or a Set of Opposed Parallel Surfaces
63
NOTE: The tolerance zones shown here are for clarification only,
.08
28 8.00
2
Y
Z
.15
15 A
.05 .25
15 0 A
07
0.
Parallel planes tolerance zone
The orientation of the extension lines
defines the direction of application
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(a) Size callout attachment.
Y
Z
A
7
0.0
(b) Extension lines attachment. Table 10-2
10.2.2(c)
Fig. 10-13 Orientation of an Axis With a Parallel Planes Tolerance Zone
64
0.
2
A
A
Y X
(a) Planar surface.
Y
Z
0.2
A
B
X 0.4
B
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A
B
A Table 10-3
(b) Conical or revolved surface.
10.2.3(a)
Fig. 10-14 Profile Planar, Conical, or Revolved Surface
65
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1 (Multiple surfaces) (Co-planar surfaces)

20 .2 A
SU A
RF B C 0.5 2 A S
AC
ES 0. ACE
F
UR
4S
Visual response:
Z all 4 co-planar surfaces
C
B
A Y X 1 Query
20 .2 A
SU A
RF B C 0.5 2 A S
(a) Placement and attachment. AC
ES 0. ACE
F
UR
4S
C Z
B
Query
A Y X
1
20 .2 A (b) Co-planar surfaces associativity.
SU A
RF B C 0.5 2 A S
AC
ES 0. ACE
F
UR
4S
Visual response: all 20 surfaces

(four groups of 5 surfaces each)
C Z
B
A Y X
Table 10-3
(c) Multiple surfaces associativity.
10.2.3(b)
Fig. 10-15 Profile Multiple or Co-Planar Surfaces
66
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ES
FAC A
R .2
2 SU 0
J C ES
FA
UR
2S
B
A X
Y
Z
C
B C
A
0.2
T
T
J S
(a) Placement and attachment. CE A
R FA
U 0.2
2S
J ES
AC
U RF
2S
Visual response: B
all surfaces residing
between lines J and T. A X
Y
Query
Z
C
B C
A
0.2
T Table 10-3
J (b) Tolerance associativity. T
10.2.3(c)
Fig. 10-16 Profile Between Basis
67
M
C
BM
B
Z 6A
0.1
Y
C
M A
C
M
B
5 A M
0.2 C
BM
B
Z 6A
0.1
Y
Visual response: X
all contiguous surfaces
in the closed path
C
Query
(b) Tolerance associativity. M A
C
M
B
5A
0.2
M
C
BM
B
Z 6A
0.1 Query
Y
Visual response:
all contiguous surfaces
X
in the closed path
C
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(c) Tolerance associativity.

M A
C
M
B
A
0.25
Table 10-3
10.2.3(d)
Fig. 10-17 Profile All-Around Application
68
NOTE: The exaggerated tolerance zones shown here are for clarification only,
0.3
U 0.3
0.3 U
A 0A
B B
Z Z
Y Y
B X 0.3 mm outward of B X 0.3 mm inward of

the true profile the true profile
A A
Table 10-3
(a) Outward profile tolerance. (b) Inward profile tolerance.
10.2.3(e)
Fig. 10-18 Profile Unilaterally Disposed

--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
69
D
X .95 D
0 6 M
8
6. .22
0
4X
E
EM
1D
U
2.5
Tolerance zone, 2.5 mm total
1 mm outward of
the true profile
1.5 mm inward of
the true profile
Table 10-3
(b) Unequally disposed profile tolerance.
10.2.3(f)
Fig. 10-19 Profile Unequally Disposed
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
70
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Query
0.1 0.1
5 5
A A
B B
B B
Visual 3.2.3(a)(3)
response
A A
3.2.3(b)
Z Z
5.2.4(a)
Y X Y X
5.2.5(a)
Table 10-3
(a) Placement and attachment. (b) Tolerance direction associativity.
10.2.3(g)
Fig. 10-20 Line Profile Directed by Line Element
71
Query
0.1 0.1
5 5
A A
B B
B B
Visual
response
A A
Z Z
Y X Y X
5.2.5(b)
Table 10-3
(a) Placement and attachment. (b) Tolerance direction associativity.
10.2.3(h)
Fig. 10-21 Line Profile Directed by Ordinate Axis
72
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Y
M LL
1 7.0 A H ID UA
.6 DIV
16 .2 M IN
1 X
2X 2
F Z Z
X
Y X
Z Y
D
X
Y
.28
A 2 5 A
4.7 M
0
4X
H
.16
43 D
8
2. F M
Y
4X A LL
M I D UA
0
DIV (a) Size callout attachment.
X IN
2
M LY
H U AL
A VID
M DI
1.2 IN
2X 2X
F
Z Z
X
Y X
Z Y
D
X
Y
8
5.2 A
A . 72
4 M
0
4X
D H
M
F Y
A A LL
0
M IDU
4X DIV (b) Directed leader attachment.
IN Table 10-4
2X
10.2.4(a)
Fig. 10-22 Position Individual Patterns of Features
73
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4X
M 0
3. .4
5X M

0.
A
6 P
7H 9
.3
5
A
B
C
Z
Y
B X C
(a) Size callout attachment.
4X

A 0.
4
M
P
9.
35
A
B
C
Z
Y
B X C
(b) Directed leader attachment. Table 10-4
10.2.4(b)
Fig. 10-23 Position Projected Tolerance Zones
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
74
0
.3
M 4X
A
B
4 C
0 X5
.15 .55
M 5.70
A
B
C
(a) The lesser position tolerance.
Y
X B
Z
.70 C
55 A B C
5.5 B
15 M A
4X 0. M
4X 0.3 C

--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(b) The larger position tolerance.

(Model has been rotated 90
about the Y axis)
Y
B X
C Table 10-4
10.2.4(c)
Fig. 10-24 Position Extremities of Long Holes
75
R 0.5 4X
8X M 9.4
A 1
B 0.0
C
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A
4 C
3.2 B
. 1 8 A
3 M
4X 0.2
X Y
B
C
(a) Elongated holes.
Z
R
8X
4X
9.4
1 C
0.0 B
A
Y
M
R
A
0.2
D
A
N
U
O
B
4X
4
3.2
3 .18
4X
X Y
B
C
(b) Boundary basis, single tolerance.
BO 0
R UN .5 M
8X DA A
RY B
C
9 .7)
1X
A 3.2
(4X C
B
A
M Y
2
0 DAR
.
UN
B
X Y BO
C
(c) Boundary basis, different tolerances.

Z
Table 10-4
Fig. 10-25 Position Elongated Holes (Slots)
76
4X
0.0
4M
A
D
B
4X
0.2
5
A M
A
D
B
Y
X
4X
6.
Z
0 6.7 80
D M 6
B A
(a) Polar coordinate method.

3X
0.8
M
A
B
C
A
B 8.48.0
X
3
Y (b) Rectangular coordinate method.

C X
B
A
M
3X 0.1
C
Table 10-4
Z
10.2.4(d)
Fig. 10-26 Bi-directional Position Polar or Rectangular
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
77
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FM
D EM
D
0.4 M
5 RY
0.1 DA
UN
BO
E
D
Z Y
Table 10-4
F
10.2.4(e)
Fig. 10-27 Position Combined with Profile
78
Y Y
30.
0.1
29 0
A
0.1 .8
A
A A
Z Z
X X
(a) Concentricity size attachment. (b) Concentricity leader attachment.
.04 .04
50.92 50.92
49 M A 49 M A
0 0
B A B A
Y Y
Z X Z X
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
.4
30 0.1 A B
3 8
0.1
B
A
8
0.1
(c) Symmetry size attachment. (d) Symmetry leader attachment.

Table 10-4
Fig. 10-28 Concentricity and Symmetry
79
M M
Y Y
0
3 S .13
UR K K K
FA M
CE
S
Z Z
X X
5
4 6.8
4.5 5 M
3 4 7.1 K
7.6
2
4 .9 0.1 C ES
37 FA
.96 UR
3S
(a) Associated features of size. (b) Associated surfaces.
K
M
K
0.1 M
K Z
0.1 X
M
K
0.1
(c) Separate runout attachments.

56
44 .8
.5 57
37 44 0.1 .1
.62 0.1 . 9 3
3 3 K
7
0.1 .96 M Table 10-5
K
3 M
K
M 10.2.5(a)(1)
10.2.5(a)(3)
Fig. 10-29 Runout Attachments and Associativity
80 --``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Z
0.1
5
Y 0.0 A
5 B
A
B
M
A
56
0.1 .
0.1 857
2 .1
K
M Y
44
.
(a) Perpendicular surfaces.
0.1 544
6 .9
37 K
.62 M

0.1 37.9
K 6 Z
M
M X
K
0.1
2
K
M
0.1 Y
6
K
M (b) Size callout attachment.
0.1
K
M
Z
X
K
(c) Directed leader attachment.
Table 10-5
Fig. 10-30 Runout Perpendicular and Cylindrical Surfaces
81
S
25
Y .4
S S 25
0.1 25 0.0 .5
0.0 5 M .42 8
8 5 A
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A A B .5
M Z B
X
12.7
12 2
A .65
Y 0.0
8
A
(a) Sphere size attachment.
B
Z
X
12.7
12 2
A .65
0.2
2
A
0.3 0.0
8
A A
A (b) Sphere leader attachment.
Y
Z
X
(c) Conical surface and a surface of revolution. Table 10-5
10.2.5(b)
Fig. 10-31 Runout Spherical, Conical, and Revolved Surfaces
82
NOTES:
C
5 B
5.0
52 M A
.8 2
24 A
X 0.2 M
2 0

Y
B X C
(a) Applied to a feature of size.
NOTES:
A
0.2
Y
B X C
10.3.1(b)
(b) Applied to a surface.
10.3.1(c)
Fig. 10-32 Axonometric Views Feature Control Frames
83
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
NOTES:
0.2
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A
X Y
10.3.2(a)
Fig. 10-33 Axonometric Views Limited Area Application
84
NOTES:
Y
A
30.
29 0
.8
X
Z
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
0.
05
(a) Straightness of a cylindrical surface.
NOTES:
Z
B
1 A NT
0 EME
.
L
C HE A
EA
30.
29 0
.8
10.3.2(b)
(b) Each element orientation.
10.3.3(a)
Fig. 10-34 Axonometric Views Straightness, Each Element Applications
85
NOTES:
.08
28 8.00
2
X
Y
Z
5
5.1 A
5 1
.0 .25
15 0 A
07
0.
10.3.3(b)
Fig. 10-35 Axonometric Views Parallel Planes Tolerance Zone
86
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
NOTES:
Y
A
2X X
19
12 K
Z
DK
A ATE
IC
0.2 IND
C ES
RFA
4 SU
10.3.4(c)(2)
Fig. 10-36 Axonometric Views Multiple Surfaces
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 87
NOTES:
J C
A Y
X
Z
C
B B
A
0.2
T T
J
10.3.4(c)(3)
Fig. 10-37 Axonometric Views Between Basis
88
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
NOTES:
0.3
U
0.3
A
B
Z
Y
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
B X
(a) Outward profile tolerance.
NOTES:
0.3
U
0A
B
Z
Y
B X
(b) Inward profile tolerance.

10.3.4(e)
Fig. 10-38 Axonometric Views Profile Unilaterally Disposed
89
NOTES:
D
.5
X 14
4X
5 D
6.9 17
.5
8 0 2 M
6 . 4X
0.2 Y
4X Z
E
E M
1D
U
2.5
Tolerance zone, 2.5 mm total
1 mm outward of
the true profile
1.5 mm inward of
the true profile
(b) Unequally disposed profile tolerance.

10.3.4(f)
Fig. 10-39 Axonometric Views Profile Unequally Disposed
90
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME Y14.41-2003
MANDATORY APPENDIX I
SYMBOLS
Symbol Usage Paragraph Figure
10.2.3(e) 10-18
U 10.2.3(f) 10-19
PROFILE
10.3.4(e) 10-38
10.3.4(f) 10-39
The symbol circle U is introduced in this Standard to specify a

geometrically controlled profile tolerance. The form and proportion
of this symbol is to be the same as the geometric symbols used in
ASME Y14.5M. For example:
2h 1.5h
U 0.8h
Profile
Unequally Disposed
--``,`,,,,,,,,,`,,`,,,,,`,`,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
91
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Engineering Drawing

Custodians: Adopting Activity:

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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

2 Data Set Identification and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3 Data Set Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4 Design Model Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5 Common Requirements for Product Definition Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

6 Notes and Special Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

7 Model Values and Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

8 Plus and Minus Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

A. R. Anderson, Dimensional Control System, Inc.

SUBCOMMITTEE 41 DIGITAL MODELING

A. Krulikowski, Chair, General Motors Corp.

Y14/SC 41 SUPPORT GROUP

J. F. Bradshaw, The Boeing Co.

DIGITAL PRODUCT DEFINITION DATA PRACTICES

1 GENERAL 1.5 Units

1.2 Structure of Standard 1.7 Symbols

1.9 Definitions and Terminology model coordinate system: a representation of a Cartesian

PRODUCT DEFINITION DATA SET

Integral Content: [Note (1)]

Model See Fig. 2-2.

Drawing [Note (2)] Partial or complete.

Printed Media [Note (3)]

Fig. 2-1 Contents of a Product Definition Data Set

Annotation Design model Attributes

Fig. 2-2 Contents of a Model

Right-hand coordinate system:

(b) Recognizing the right-hand system.

Fig. 3-1 Left-Hand and Right-Hand Model Coordinate Systems

FIG. 3-2(a) & (b)

An identified cutting plane

(a) Design model cutting plane.

Fig. 3-2 Design Model Cutting Plane

(c) Resultant section shown as curves on the model.

Fig. 3-2 Design Model Cutting Plane (Contd)

Export Control Notices (1) Cutting Plane. A representation of a cutting

Fig. 3-3 Design Model With Offset Section

maximum, or mean. The dimensional condition shall be 5.1 Common Requirements

(a) Model with all annotation displayed.

Fig. 5-1 Display Management

FIG. 5.1(b) & (c)

(c) Model with selected annotation displayed.

Fig. 5-1 Display Management (Contd)

DESIGN MODEL GEOMETRY: ANNOTATED DESIGN MODEL:

Bottom surface [F1] 0.1 A Y B

Edge surface [F3] 0.25 A B

Top surface [F4] 0.15 A

Edge surface [F5] 1 A B

Edge surface [F6] 1 A C

Fig. 5-2 Annotation and Model Geometry Relationship

FIG. 5.3(a) & (b)

(a) Size tolerance query.

(b) Geometric tolerance query.

Fig. 5-3 Tolerance Query Associativity

(c) Pattern of features query.

Fig. 5-3 Tolerance Query Associativity (Contd)

(a) Simplified feature query.

Fig. 5-4 Simplified Feature Representation and Attributes

(a) Initial attitude of model geometry and annotation.

Fig. 5-5 Annotation Planes Relative to Model Geometry

Fig. 5-6 Graphic Display of Associated Annotation