ANATOMY OF THE EYE

Dr.sophal HENG
Friday, March 07, 2014
12:06 AM Ophthalmologist at Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital
088 886 8836 | dr.sophal@gmail.com

I. External of the eye ball

i. Orbital bone
ii. Lacrimal system (lacrimal apperatus)
iii. Eyelids
iv. Conjunctiva
v. External ocular muscles

II. The eye ball

1. anterior segment
- cornea
- sclera
- anterior / posterior chamber
- uvea tract (iris, ciliary body, choroid)
- lens
2. posterior segment
- vitreous
- retina
- optic nerve head
III. Other
1. Innervation
2. Blood supply
3. Tear flirm
4. Accommodation / Refraction

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I. External of the eye ball

1. orbital bone
1. Frontal
2. Zygomatic
3. Maxillary
4. Ethmoidal
5. Sphenoid
6. Lacrimal

Anatomy Page 1
 6. Lacrimal
7. Palatine
2. lacrimal system (lacrimal apperatus)
1. Decretory system:
- Lacrimal gland
- Accessory lacrimal glands
2. Excretory system:
Puntum
Canaliculus
Common canaliculus
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
3. Eyelids (Cranial nerve innervation - Motor nerve)
Anterior lamella
1. Skin
2. Orbicularis muscle (CN7th)
Posterior lamella
3. Tarsus + Levator muscle (CN3th)
4. Conjunctiva(Sensory nerve CN5th)
Palpebral conjunctiva
Fornix conjunctiva
Bulbar conjunctiva
4. 6 - Extraocular Muscles (Cranial nerve innervation - Motor nerve)
4 rectus Muscles
Medial Rectus (CN3th)
Lateral Rectus (CN6th)
Superior Rectus (CN3th)
Inferior Rectus (CN3th)
2 Oblique Muscles
Superior oblique (CN4th)
Inferior oblique (CN3th)

II. The eye ball

1. anterior segment
- cornea : have 5 layer (Sensory nerve CN5th)
1. Epithelium
2. Bowman's layer
3. Stroma
4. Descemet's membrane
5. Endothelium

Anatomy Page 2
 5. Endothelium

- sclera
The white, opaque cover of the eye.
Covers 80% of the eyes outer layer.
Contains thick elastic collagen.

- anterior / posterior chamber

anterior chamber = between cornea and iris = angle irido-cornea
> READ MORE ON OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA AND ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
Posterior chamber = between iris and lens

- uvea tract (iris, ciliary body, choroid)

Iris = pupil = aperture for light / image pass through
Ciliary body = secretion of aqueous humus for maintain sharp of the eye ball
Choroid = blood supply O2 to 1/3 in outer part of the retina

- lens = transparent in middle part of the eye.

Changed size and sharp while Ciliary Body contraction = Accommodation
> READ MORE ON CATARACT
4 part of lens
Lens capsule
Lens epithelium
Epi-cortex and cortex
Nucleus

2. posterior segment
- vitreous = jelly for maintain sharp of the eye ball
- retina
Peripheral retina
Macular (1500um in diameter from the center of Feveola)
Fovea (350um in diameter from the center of Feveola)
Foveola (the central depression of Fovea)
Layer of the retina :
1.Inner limiting membrane
2.Nerve fibers
3.Ganglion cells
4.Inner plexiform layer
5.Inner nuclear layer

Anatomy Page 3
 5.Inner nuclear layer
6. Outer plexiform layer
7. Outer nuclear layer
8.Outer limiting membrane
9.Photo receptor (Rods and cones cells)
10. Retina pigment epithelium ( RPE )
- optic nerve head (Cranial nerve innervation - sensory nerve CN2nd)
Central retinal artery and vein - GO IN
Nerve Fiber of the retinal signal - SENT OUT through the optic nerve into THE BRAIN.
4 parts of optic nerve ~50mm in length
1. Intraocular - in the eye ball (1mm)
2. Intraorbital - in orbital (25mm)
3. Intracanalicular - in optic canal (9mm)
4. Intracranial - in cranial space (15mm)

Anatomy Page 4