Antti Hakala-Ranta Enhanced protection

functionality with
Power and productivity for a IEC 61850 and GOOSE
better world
Singapore, Sept 22-23.9.2008
 Introduction

Background for IEC 61850

Goals and key thoughts of IEC 61850
Modeling of information and services
New type of communication services
Horizontal communication - GOOSE
Sampled measured values - SMV
Engineering support
System integration
Application examples
Future outlook
ABB Ltd. - Page 2
 Background why IEC 61850
Global markets
DA users (Utility, industries) becoming more and more international ->
global standards needed
Flexible communication structures
Communication systems must be capable of fulfilling world-wide
requirements
Rapid changes in communication state-of-the-art technology, but long
life cycles of communication standards
Increasing economical and operational demands on utility
companies
Modern substation systems produce lots of data
Data need to be converted into information
Communication networks provide access from anywhere
Communication in substations has to support:
ABB Ltd. - Page 3

Guaranteed and fast real time system responses

High resistance against harsh environmental conditions
 History
Standards/de facto standards for substation automation
communication
IEC60870-5-103
Master slave serial protocol, SA semantics defined!, no controls (only with
spec. extension), no horizontal communication, too restricted to give easy
interoperability
Used in Europe and some far east countries
UCA2.0
Predecessor of IEC61850 by US vendors & utilities (an EPRI project)
Modeling & semantic ideas, horizontal communication
Never really accepted by customers, due to a lot of promises given but
Officially and publicly to be replaced by IEC61850
Modbus
Well known but: no information semantics (signal engineering), no events,
no time-synch
Used world-wide, especially in US
Master slave serial, also variant running over TCP
DNP3.0
and many other proprietary ones
ABB Ltd. - Page 4
 How and what?

An IEC project group of about 60 members from different countries

worked in three IEC working groups from 1995
Objectives:
A single protocol for complete substation considering modeling of
different data required for substation
Definition of basic services required to transfer data so that the entire
mapping to communication protocol can be made future proof
Promotion of high interoperability between systems from different
vendors
A common method/format for storing complete configuration data
Define complete testing required for the equipments which confirms to
the standard
1st parts of IEC 61850 standard were published 2004
Now, 2008, widely accepted and in use, both by utilities and industries
ABB Ltd. - Page 5
 Background What is IEC 61850?
IEC 61850 is a global standard
for
Communication Networks and
Systems in Substations
How to make different devices
AND tools from different vendors
work together (=interoperability)

YES, WE
DO!

DO YOU
UNDERSTAND
ME?
ABB Ltd. - Page 6
 Application area of IEC 61850
Electrical substations, also in industrial plants
to NCC / DCS
HMI

Station Station Engineering

Station Level computer gateway station

Station or interbaybus (LAN)

Control Protection Protection Control Protection

Bay Level & Control

Process bus (LAN)

ABB Ltd. - Page 7

Process Level Process Interface Process Interface Process Interface

 Goals and key thoughts of IEC 61850
It specifies an expandable data model and services for
substation automation
It does not specify protection or control functionality, but it
specifies how they will expose their information
It supports free allocation of functions to devices
It is open for different system philosophies
It defines a description language for substation automation
systems
This facilitates efficient device integration
It supports comprehensive consistent system definition and
engineering
This makes not only the devices, but also their tools & systems
interoperable
It uses Ethernet and TCP/IP for communication
Provides the broad range of features of mainstream
communication
ABB Ltd. - Page 8

High performance
It is open for future new communication concepts
 Structure of the IEC 61850 standard
Introduction and overview Part 1
Impact on Glossary Part 2
tenders and

implementation
product mgmt.

Direct impact
General requirements Part 3

System and Project management Part 4

Communication requirements Part 5

Communication model (Data model and Services) Part 7

Substation Configuration Language (SCL) Part 6

Impact on
Conformance testing Part 10
engineering
Part 8-1 : Mapping for Part 9-1 : Mapping to point-
MMS-TCP/IP-Ethernet to-point connections
Part 8 Part 9
part 9-2 : Mapping for bus
Part 8-x : for Future Use
connections
Station bus
ABB Ltd. - Page 9

Process bus

Impacts not only on communication !

 Concept 1: Split of application and communication
Future Proof Design Aspects - Independence of actual technology

Application Long-term definition

Slow Application
Domain Safe-guarding investments
Objects
Substation Services

Abstract Interface

Adaptation
Mapping
per selected stack

Stack Interface
7
6 MMS*
5
4 TCP/IP Stack selection
3
Communication 2 following state-of-art
Fast Technology 1
Ethernet Communication technology

ISO/OSI Approach of
ABB Ltd. - Page 10

seven layer stack IEC61850

The data model is mapped unambiguously to an existing stack

*) Manufacturing Message Specification
 Concept 2: Take care of the engineering
Additionally to the communication make the tools interoperable

Making it possible to efficiently manage the configuration data in a

system even if the products are from different vendors

Substation Configuration Language (SCL) allows describing in a

standardised way
IEDs, their configuration and their functional and communication capabilities
Concrete communication structure of a SA system
Allocation of devices to the substation primary equipment.
These descriptions can be exchanged between engineering tools of
different manufacturers
Common approach to system engineering without the need of time
consuming, error prone human conversion of engineering data
ABB Ltd. - Page 11
 IEC 61850 Data Model, logical nodes
"#$% " # &$ ' %( - $ . .# . /
# #$% # # &$ ' %(
)# * ' +

%
, ' '

$ $ + '

$
ABB Ltd. - Page 12
 Example: Modbus and IEC 61850

Modbus
Position QA1 DA:12, 1x2347, latch reset 0x2454
Trip Ovecurrent. DA:12, 1x1827, CD bit 1x1828
Frequency DA: 12, 4x0488
Close CB DA: 12, select 0x4096, close 0x4098

IEC 61850
Position QA1 E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/QA1CSWI1.Pos.stVal
Trip Overcurrent. E1Q1FA1.Prot/PHPTOC1.Op.general
Frequency E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/MMXU1.Hz.mag.f
ABB Ltd. - Page 13

Close CB E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/QA1CSWI1.Pos.ctVal

Voltage Level Bay IED Log. Device Log. Node Data/Attribute

 Data access and transfer (Services)

read a value / attribute

write configuration attributes
control a device (direct operate / select before operate)
event oriented communication with reporting
local storage of time-stamped events in a log
get directory information
file transfer for e.g.
parameter and software download
upload from monitoring information like travel curves or history of gas
density values
Transfer of generic object oriented system events
(GOOSE)
ABB Ltd. - Page 14

Transfer of sampled (analog) values (SV)

 IEC 61850 - GOOSE
GOOSE real time sharing of information between devices in a
substation
NCC

Switch Switch

Control & Control & Control & Control & Control & Control & Control & Control & Control & Control &
Protection Protection Protection Protection Protection Protection Protection Protection Protection Protection

Based on publisher/subscriber model where any device can publish data

and other subscribe it if needed
User first decides in configuration what is needed to be published and
those IEDs interested of that data subscribe to it
ABB Ltd. - Page 15

Mission is real-time data transmission IED to IED 100ms / 10ms / 3ms

Uses low-level Ethernet layer and priority tagging to get priority in network
and devices
 IEC 61850 GOOSE

IEC 61850 GOOSE, What?

GOOSE = Generic Object Oriented Substation Event
Generic = Any data
Object Oriented = Data from IED 61850 data model
Substation = Whole substation sees the data
Event = Event based sending
GOOSE is used for transmit data to peer devices in substation
Can in principle transmit any kind of process data between IEDs
Ethernet technology offers fast and reliable way to transmit the
data
Similar kind of functionality ABB have in existing LON platform
and it is already used for a decade successfully
ABB Ltd. - Page 16
 IEC 61850 GOOSE

GOOSE, Why?
Reduce interpanel wiring with between IEDs
Performance faster than IO wiring
Supervised connections
Actions can taken in application if peer IED stops communication
Quality information is sent to peer IEDs with data for validation
More (virtual) I/O for IEDs, without hardware changes
Possibilities:
Expandability
In IED retrofit cases minimised wiring changes
Chance to introduce new functionality
Due to more IO capacity and higher performance
Flexibility
Possibility to add easily functionality afterwards no rewiring
ABB Ltd. - Page 17
 Arc protection and GOOSE with REF615

3. Both relay A (incoming feeder)

and relay B (outgoing feeder) are
Relay A
equipped with three arc sensors
Relay B detects an arc in the
2.
busbar compartment via sensor 1
1.
and sends a related GOOSE
message to relay A
Conventional wiring: <37ms
2. 1.
With GOOSE: <23ms
After receiving the GOOSE
GOOSE message
message relay A checks the
current level and issues a trip
Relay B
command to breaker A
3.
-> GOOSE communication
enables fast and station wide
ABB Ltd. - Page 18

supervised arc protection

schemes
 IEC 61850 - Blocking based busbar protection

Delay setting with inst. O/C prot.

(conventional approach)
Safety marginal, e.g. delay
in operation due to CT
20ms
saturation.
O/C protection start delay
+ output relays delay
<40ms
Start delay with receiving
relay + retarding time for
<40ms
the blocking signal *)
ALL TOGETHER
100ms

*) if relays are of the same family: <10ms + 2 x relays task time

ABB Ltd. - Page 19
 IEC 61850 - Blocking based busbar protection
Yep, I am!
Ill block the Delay setting with inst. O/C prot.
Inst. O/C
(REF615 GOOSE approach)
block-PHIPTOC
Safety marginal, e.g. delay
in operation due to CT
40ms
saturation.
X O/C protection start delay
IEC 61850-8-1 20ms
Retardation time of inst.
O/C stage blocking
5ms
X GOOSE delay (Class 1)
<3ms
ALL TOGETHER
~70ms

With GOOSE better protection co-

ordination -> more selective busbar
Who is interested?
protection, faster fault clearing time
PHLPTOC-start
ABB Ltd. - Page 20
 Circuit Breaker failure scheme with GOOSE
Relay B (outgoing feeder)
detects a fault, issues
OK, I hear you! opening command to the
REF615 Ill open my Breaker
breaker and starts the
breaker failure
Relay A
The breaker in outgoing
X
feeder fails to open and
after a set time delay the
breaker failure protection
in Relay B sends out back-
X up command as a GOOSE
REF615 message to Relay A
GOOSE message

Relay B
After receiving the GOOSE
message Relay A issues
opening command to the
My Breaker is not incoming feeder breaker
ABB Ltd. - Page 21

opening! and the fault is cleared.

Activate Breaker
failure scheme
 IEC 61850 - 1-of-N Blocking
Local
HMI In this scheme a blocking signal
is sent from selected feeder to
other feeders
Relay A No other controls allowed within
User issues Select timeout period
Select breaker
Command Circuit Breaker control selection
before Operate X is sent by the publisher and in all
from SCS subscriber IEDs this signal is
connected to the blocking input
of the control function block
Breaker
Selected When control sequence is over
X X
subscriber IEDs get new value
change which frees the control
function block
ABB Ltd. - Page 22

Relay C Relay B
 IEC 61850 - Busbar Earthing

Earthing switch In this scheme a blocking signal

Closed -indication
is sent to breakers if the earthing
switch is closed
Relay A Circuit Breaker position is sent
by the publisher and in all
subscriber IEDs this signal is
X connected to the blocking input
of the control function block to
prevent closing of breakers
This schema can be made also
in opposite way where feeders
X X breaker position can block
closing of earthing switch
ABB Ltd. - Page 23

Relay C Relay B
 IEC 61850 Disturbance Recording

In this scheme a fault is detected

in one feeder
Relay A GOOSE can be used to trig the
Detected fault Disturbance Recording in other
and Trip feeders
X Recordings are triggered almost
parallel without delays

X X

Relay C Relay B
ABB Ltd. - Page 24
 IEC 61850 GOOSE Performance issues
Functionality without guaranteed performance?
GOOSE response time requirements from application to
application according the standard (IEC 61850-5) are:
Type 1 (fast messages)
Type 1A (tripping)
Class P2/3: <3ms (P2/3 = transmission S/S)
Class P1: <10ms (P1 = distribution S/S)
Type 1B (others)
Class P2/3: <20ms
Class P1: <100ms
Following IEC 61850 standard means that relay-to-relay signalling
is faster than with traditionally wiring
Reduced wiring with faster response times
Challenge is to guarantee these in all circumstances
ABB Ltd. - Page 25
 Sampled measured values IEC 61850-9-2
IEC 61850-8-1

A method for transmitting

sampled measurements from
transducers IED IED
Enables sharing of analogue I/O
signals among IEDs
Benefits are obvious in high- Sampled
voltage transmission substations Values IEC 61850-9-2
Process bus
How about medium voltage
switchgears?
Remote
BIOs CTs/VTs
ABB Ltd. - Page 26
 The approach: Mapping to communication stacks
Model according to state-of-the-art SA technology
SA specific data model
evolves slowly Data Model (Objects,Services)
Communication technology
changes quickly
Splitting of SA specific Client Server Sampled
data model from GOOSE*
Communication Values
communication technology
Mapping
Abstract
Communication
Services
Interface (ACSI)
MMS Real time
Stack
Interface
Communication
TCP
ISO/OSI Stack
Hierarchical set of IP
Rules how information is coded for
transmission Ethernet Link Layer
According to state-of-the art
ABB Ltd. - Page 27

communication technology Ethernet Physical Layer with Priority tagging

* Generic Object Oriented Stack selection according to the state-of-the-art

Substation Event Communication technology
 IEC61850-6, Engineering with help of SCL

IEC 61850-6 defines an XML based language to describe in a

defined way
Capabilities of the devices (IEDs)
How devices are connected to the primary apparatuses
How devices exchange information
This means and results
Different device and system tools can exhance information
Efficient, automated device integration
Facilitates centrally done system engineering of systems consisting
devices from different vendors
Support top-down engineering
Data entry only once engineering information is preserved and can
be utilized in other product and tools
Demo
ABB Ltd. - Page 28
 Future, updates, related work

After original publishing

Power Quality - Amendment 2 for IEC 61850-7-4
IEC 61850, Amendment 1: miscellaneous corrections
Models for Hydro Power Plants, IEC 61850-7-410
Models and mappings for Wind Turbines, IEC 61400-25-x
Upcoming
Ed.2 to be published during 2009
Updates, clarifications
Models for Distributed Energy Resources (DER), IEC 61850-420
Communication between substations, IEC 61850-90-1
Related work
Communication between substation and control center, IEC 62445-2 (NP)
Information security for TC57 protocols: IEC 62351-5 (published)
IEC 62271-3, old 62010) High Voltage Switchgear and controlgear - digital
interfaces based on IEC 61850, apply 61850 for HV assemblies (published)
IEC 62439, high availability automation networks
UCA Users Group International for maintenance of the standard
ABB Ltd. - Page 29

feedback to IEC
 The whole scope
Distributed generation
(DER) (Hydro) Power Plants

0 5
618
8 50

IE C
6 1
IEC

IEC 62351 (*
ABB Ltd. - Page 30

*) security within TC57, ~5 parts

 Future with IEC 61850
IEC 61850 facilitates a new way of building systems
Location transparency i.e. functions can be freely allocated within the
system, due to the efficient communication
Step 1: Simplifying signal wiring
Usage of GOOSE to replace interbay wiring
Usage of remote I/Os
To share common IO in a substation
To extend IO capabilities of an IED
Step 2: Simplifying measurement wiring and enhancing functionality
Sharing busbar voltages for all devices on a substation with Ethernet ->
more functionality for all bay level devices with same HW
Step 3: Reallocating functionality -> centralizing
Easier maintenance, upgrades, less complicated hardware
Reliability, availability must in focus
ABB Ltd. - Page 31

see next page

 Traditional
Separate interbay signal, time synchronization, external signal
wired

DCS/NCC

Local
SCS
GPS time source

External signals

Station bus (e.g. Modbus TCP) Monitoring, control, settings

Clock synch

IRIG-B

External signals Interlocking, shared voltage signals

ABB Ltd. - Page 32
 IEC 61850, as today
Simplification of interpanel and external signals, by IEC 61850
GOOSE for sharing interpanel and external signals
SNTP time synchronization on station bus

DCS/NCC
Electrical control system
Local
- SCS & GW
HMI
GPS time source

Monitoring, control, settings

Interlocking, shared external signals
Station bus IEC 61850 Time synchronization

External signals
ABB Ltd. - Page 33
 IEC 61850 - possibilities
Simpler, more cost-efficient IEDs
External and secondary IO as remote IO
All signals (including measurements) shared for all components > less wiring
Centralized handling of control, disturbance handling, fault records etc -> easier to
maintain and extend
Complicated applications like fault location, distance protection can be implemented
using the power of centralized computer

Local DCS/NCC
HMI
Station Computer

Redundant looped 100Mbit/s Ethernet, IEC 61850-8-1/9-2

ABB Ltd. - Page 34

External signals
 IEC 61850 extremely centralized
Simplistic IEDs per bay
I/O interface and basic protection (OC, EF)
-> lower complexity: cost-efficient, maintenance, standardization, availability
All other functionality centralized: distance, differential protection, handling
of control, disturbance handling, fault records etc
-> easy to maintain and extend the system
-> online upgrades without affecting the operation, added-value services
DCS/NCC
Service provider for:
- Maintenance
Local
- Fault analysis
HMI Station Computer
- Technical support

WAN
WAN

Redundant looped 100Mbit/s Ethernet, IEC 61850-8-1/9-2

ABB Ltd. - Page 35

External signals
 Summary - Advantages of IEC 61850
Better connectivity and interoperability
between devices and systems from different
vendors
Cost savings on substation automation
systems
Efficient device integration and system level
engineering
Simpler wiring
Support for new type of applications
Standardized high performance
communication between bays
High performance process bus to connect
intelligent sensors reducing system costs
Future-proof applications
Application configuration withstands changes
on communication systems
Standardized, controlled way to define
ABB Ltd. - Page 36

extensions to the system

 Newton Evans Survey 2008, future usage of IEC 61850

International
31% already use it
58% to use IEC 61850 by
2010
Only 9% no plans
27% maybe

International North America

Less then 5% use it
Only 8% have plans to use
it 2010
52% have no plans yet
39% maybe
ABB Ltd. - Page 37

North America
 ABB Ltd. - Page 38