Folleto CIDE Castigos Irracionales v15 FULL

Colectivo de Estudios Drogas y Derecho
Informe Regional 2017
CASTIGOS IRRACIONALES:
Leyes de Drogas y Encarcelamiento
en Amrica Latina
Sergio Chaparro
Catalina Prez Correa
Coletta Youngers
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Ral Alejandro Corda | Argentina """"""""""""""6&7&'3/$"892:),/";&%)/'*:""
Jorge Vicente Paladines | Ecuador
Intercambios A.C. Defensor Pblico Regional
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Gloria Rose Marie de Ach | Bolivia Catalina Prez Correa | Mxico
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Luciana Boiteux | Brasil Jrme Mangelinckx | Per
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Joo Pedro Padua | Brasil
6&I-3(),)*" Ricardo Sobern Garrido | Per
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Gianella Bardazano
Rodrigo Uprimny Yepes | Colombia
Dejusticia IELSUR
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Sergio Chaparro | Colombia

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Ernesto Corts | Costa Rica
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SOBRE EL CEDD 2
6;B4;1B;3R>4B9"! E9! BT0B1,F! D;0! 1A1>D,;F! Y=1F! :1K4:;! 9,! B;36=>;! 018=,90F! 61!
Resumen
74131! Ejecutivo :4I1013B49,16!
4>D9B7;6! ?! >93741313!13!1,!B@0B=,;!:1,4B745;"! 3
Introduccin
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L=3Y=1! 1,! 32>10;! 7;79,! :1! >=A1016! 13! ,96! .671!:;B=>137;!61X9,9F!9!D90740!:1!154:13B49!
La crcel como primera respuesta 11
BT0B1,16! 16! >=?! 43I104;0! 9! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! 1>D@04B9F! ,9! B04646! D134713B49049! 1V4671371! 13!
Condiciones carcelarias en las Amricas yL>S04B9!
>96B=,439F!,;6!3451,16!:1!13B90B1,9>4137;!:1! derechos fundamentales
E97439F! :10459:9! :1! ,;6! 1I1B7;6! 15
,96! >=A1016! D;0! :1,47;6!
Encarcelamiento :1! :0;896!
por delitos 167T3!
de drogas 9:5106;6! Y=1! ,96! 9B7=9,16! ,1?16! :1! :0;896! 18
9=>13793:;! 9! =3! 047>;! 9,90>9371! ?F! C93! 7134:;! 6;K01! ,9! 647=9B4R3! D134713B49049!
Los vicios de la poltica de drogas en el proceso penal 18
813109,>1371F! 6;3! D106;396! Y=1! C93! 39B4;39,"! .,! :;B=>137;! >=16709F! 9:1>T6F!
Criminalizacin
;B=D9:;! ,;6! 0938;6! >T6!primaria
K9A;6! :1! ,9! B9:139! Y=1! ,9! 9D,4B9B4R3! :1! ,9! D;,@74B9! :1! :0;896! Z?! 18
:1,!318;B4;!:1!,96!:0;896"!E9!8093!>9?;0@9!:1!
Criminalizacin secundaria (punicin en la 6=6!etapa
1I1B7;6! 3189745;6Z! 3;! 6;3! 01D9074:;6! :1! 20
judicial)
16796!>=A1016!741313!D;B9!1:=B9B4R3!?!54513! 48=9,! I;0>9! 13! ,9! 6;B41:9:! 643;! Y=1!
Criminalizacin terciaria: delitos de drogas y obligatoriedad de la crcel 23
13! B;3:4B4;316! :1! D;K01U9[! >=BC96! 6;3! D10A=:4B93! 9! B4107;6! 61B7;016! Y=1! ?9! 61!
El encarcelamiento
>9:016! por drogas: una
6;,71096"! .,! 13B90B1,9>4137;! :1! de las13B;3709K93!
principales causas
13! =39! de la 647=9B4R3!
crisis :1!
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penitenciaria 25
D=1:1! 71310! B;361B=13B496! :159679:;096! 7;>93:;! 13! B=1379! 1,! 709K9A;! :1! ,;6!
La poltica
D909! de encarcelamiento
6=6! I9>4,496"! en cifras
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Quines sonY=1!
:46B04>439B4;316! las personas encarceladas ,96!
6=I013! D106;396! por648=413716!
delitos de01B;>13:9B4;316!
drogas? :1! D;,@74B9! 30
D107131B413716! 9! 80=D;6! D;K,9B4;39,16! D2K,4B9F! ,96! B=9,16! 741313! D;0! ;KA17;! ,;8090!
Pobreza y oportunidades en la ilegalidad: persecucin y encarcelamiento de los
709:4B4;39,>1371!>908439:;6!D;0!I=109!:1!,9! =39!D;,@74B9!:1!:0;896!>T6!A=679F!016D17=;69!
ms 6=1,13!
D0464R3F! dbiles7096,9:9061! ?! 1V9B10K9061! :1!,;6!:101BC;6!I=3:9>1379,16!?!13I;B9:9!9! 31
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Delitos y sustancias de las personas privadas D0;71810!
de la,9!libertad
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,9743;9>104B9396"!
-;3!Usuarios
016D1B7;!de 9! drogas: criminalizacin
,;6],96! AR51316! ?! ,;6],96! y encarcelamiento 37
9:;,16B13716!
Poblaciones 435;,=B09:;6!
especficas 13! :1,47;6! :1! Recomendaciones 47
:0;896F! D161! 9! Y=1! 6;3! D0;B169:;6! 13!
Mujeres Reformas Legales: 47
64671>96! D139,16! :4I1013716F! 6=1,13! 71310!
Mujeres con
B909B710@674B96! hijos en prisin
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LA=6790! ,9! 01D=1679! D139,! D909! Y=1! 619!
64671>9! :1! 9:=,7;6"! ^39! :1! 1,,96! 16! Y=1! 34!
Jvenes y adolescentes D0;D;0B4;39,! 9,! :9X;! ;B964;39:;! ?! 01I;0>90! 57
9:;,16B13716! 34! AR51316! 6=1,13! D107131B10! 9!
Extranjeros
,;6! 3451,16! :1! ,4:109U8;! :1! ,96! >9I496!
,96! ,1?16! :1! :0;896! D909! :467438=40! 13701! 59
:1,47;6! :1! >13;0F! >1:49! ?! 9,79! 16B9,9[! 13701!
Otras poblaciones
390B;709I4B93716F! 643;! 610! D9071! :1! ,;6! 62
3451,16!:1!,4:109U8;!13!,96!01:16!B04>439,16F!?!
16,9K;316! 011>D,9U9K,16! :1,! 318;B4;"! W43!
Conclusiones y Recomendaciones 13701!:1,47;6!54;,137;6!?!3;!54;,137;6"! 63
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Bibliografa
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,;6! I9B7;016! D043B4D9,16! Y=1! 1VD,4B9! 1,! 01B=06;6! ?! B;3:4B4;316! 1V701>96! :1!
B01B4>4137;! :1! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! B90B1,9049#! .3! 54;,13B49#! E9! I9,79! :1! C484131F! :1! 98=9!
7;:;6! ,;6! D9@616! 167=:49:;6F! ,96! D;79K,1F! 1361016! KT64B;6! ?! 16D9B4;6!
435167489B4;316! :1,! -.//! >=167093! =3! 8093! 6=I4B413716!B;3704K=?13!9!Y=1!1V4679!=39!9,79!
32>10;! :1! D106;396! 13B90B1,9:96! D;0! D0159,13B49! :1! 13I10>1:9:16! B;37984;696!
:1,47;6! :1! :0;896! >13;016! ?! 3;! 54;,137;6F! Y=1!D;313!13!04168;!,9!69,=:!:1!,;6!437103;6F!
Y=41316! D;:0@93! 610! K131I4B490496! :1! :1! 6=6! I9>4,49016! ?! :1! ,;6! 1>D,19:;6! :1! ,;6!
9,7103974596!9,!13B90B1,9>4137;F!13713:413:;! B1370;6! :1! 01B,=64R3#! .,! =6;! :1! ,96! BT0B1,16!
Y=1!!,9!D0459B4R3!:1!,9!,4K1079:!13!167;6!B96;6! D909!9713:10!1,!D0;K,1>9!:1!,96!:0;896F!,1A;6!
016=,79!:16D0;D;0B4;39:9#!! :1!D0;71810!,9!69,=:F!,9!5=,3109#!/46>43=40!1,!
=6;! M;! 9K=6;N! :1! 1679! C1009>41379! D139,!
E9! 43I;0>9B4R3! D0161379:9! 13! 1671! 43I;0>1! 9?=:90@9! 9! >1A;090! ,96! B;3:4B4;316! B90B1Z
>=16709! BR>;! ,96! D1396! :16D0;D;0B4;39:9Z ,90496F!9,!,4K1090!,;6!01B=06;6!Y=1!1V46713#!
>1371! 9,796F! 1,! =6;! :1! 613713B496! >@34>96!
;K,4897;0496F! 1,! =6;! ;K,4897;04;! :1! ,9! D0464R3!
!
RESUMEN
"#$%&#'!!EJECUTIVO "! 3
!
!
!
E9! 16748>974U9B4R3! ?! ,9! BT0B1,! 9I1B793! :1! 9=613B49! :1,! .679:;! 13! >971049! D015137459! ?!
I;0>9! :4674379! 9! ,96! D106;396! 01B,=4:96! D;0! ,9! I9,79! :1! D;64K4,4:9:16! :1! 9BB16;! 9!
:1,47;6!:1!:0;896!?!9!6=6!I9>4,496F!:1!9B=10:;! 70979>4137;! ?! 01C9K4,479B4R3! :1,! =6;! :1!
9!B047104;6!B;>;!1,!61V;F!,9!4:1374:9:!61V=9,F! :0;896!D909!9Y=1,,;6!AR51316!?!9:;,16B13716!
,9! B;3:4B4R3! S734B9! ?! ,9! 647=9B4R3! Y=1F! :1K4:;! 9,! B;36=>;! 018=,90F! 61!
6;B4;1B;3R>4B9#! E9! BT0B1,F! D;0! 1A1>D,;F! >93741313!13!1,!B@0B=,;!:1,4B745;#!
74131! 4>D9B7;6! :4I1013B49,16! ?! :16D0;D;0Z !
B4;39:;6! 6;K01! ,96! >=A1016#! L=3Y=1! 1,! .671!:;B=>137;!61X9,9F!9!D90740!:1!154:13B49!
32>10;! 7;79,! :1! >=A1016! 13! ,96! BT0B1,16! 16! 1>D@04B9F! ,9! B04646! D134713B49049! 1V4671371! 13!
>=?! 43I104;0! 9! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! >96B=,439F! ,;6! L>S04B9! E97439F! :10459:9! :1! ,;6! 1I1B7;6!
3451,16! :1! 13B90B1,9>4137;! :1! ,96! >=A1016! 9:5106;6! Y=1! ,96! 9B7=9,16! ,1?16! :1! :0;896!
D;0!:1,47;6!:1!:0;896!167T3!9=>13793:;!9!=3! C93! 7134:;! 6;K01! ,9! 647=9B4R3! D134713B49049!
047>;! 9,90>9371! ?F! 813109,>1371F! 6;3! :1! B9:9! D9@6#! .,! :;B=>137;! >=16709F!
D106;396! Y=1! C93! ;B=D9:;! ,;6! 0938;6! >T6! 9:1>T6F! Y=1! ,9! 9D,4B9B4R3! :1! ,9! D;,@74B9! :1!
K9A;6!:1!,9!B9:139!:1,!318;B4;!:1!,96!:0;896#! :0;896! <?! 6=6! 1I1B7;6! 3189745;6<! 3;! 6;3!
E9! 8093! >9?;0@9! :1! 16796! >=A1016! 741313! 01D9074:;6!:1!48=9,!I;0>9!13!,9!6;B41:9:!643;!
D;B9! 1:=B9B4R3! ?! 54513! 13! B;3:4B4;316! :1! Y=1! D10A=:4B93! 9! B4107;6! 61B7;016! Y=1! ?9! 61!
D;K01U9[! >=BC96! 6;3! >9:016! 6;,71096#! .,! 13B;3709K93! 13! =39! 647=9B4R3! :1!
13B90B1,9>4137;! :1! >=A1016! >9:016! ?! 5=,3109K4,4:9:! 6;B49,#! ! L371! 1679! 019,4:9:F! ?!
B=4:9:;096! 13! D9074B=,90F! D=1:1! 71310! 7;>93:;! 13! B=1379! 1,! 709K9A;! :1! ,;6!
B;361B=13B496! :159679:;096! D909! 6=6! 43I;0>16!43:454:=9,16!:1,!-.//F!61!D0;D;313!
I9>4,496#! \;0! ;709! D9071F! ,96! :46B04>439B4;316! ,96! 648=413716! 01B;>13:9B4;316! :1! D;,@74B9!
Y=1!6=I013!D106;396!D107131B413716!9!80=D;6! D2K,4B9F! ,96! B=9,16! 741313! D;0! ;KA17;! ,;8090!
D;K,9B4;39,16! 709:4B4;39,>1371! >908439:;6! =39!D;,@74B9!:1!:0;896!>T6!A=679F!016D17=;69!
D;0! I=109! :1! ,9! D0464R3F! 6=1,13! 7096,9:9061! ?! :1!,;6!:101BC;6!I=3:9>1379,16!?!13I;B9:9!9!
1V9B10K9061!:1370;!:1!1,,9#!! D0;71810! ,9! 69,=:! D2K,4B9! :1! ,96! 6;B41:9:16!
,9743;9>104B9396#!
-;3! 016D1B7;! 9! ,;6],96! AR51316! ?! ,;6],96!
9:;,16B13716! 435;,=B09:;6! 13! :1,47;6! :1! Recomendaciones
:0;896F! D161! 9! Y=1! 6;3! D0;B169:;6! 13!
64671>96! D139,16! :4I1013716F! 6=1,13! 71310! Reformas Legales:
B909B710@674B96! ?! D0;K,1>96! B;>=316! 9,!
LA=6790! ,9! 01D=1679! D139,! D909! Y=1! 619!
64671>9! :1! 9:=,7;6#! ^39! :1! 1,,96! 16! Y=1! 34!
D0;D;0B4;39,! 9,! :9X;! ;B964;39:;! ?! 01I;0>90!
9:;,16B13716! 34! AR51316! 6=1,13! D107131B10! 9!
,96! ,1?16! :1! :0;896! D909! :467438=40! 13701!
,;6! 3451,16! :1! ,4:109U8;! :1! ,96! >9I496!
:1,47;6! :1! >13;0F! >1:49! ?! 9,79! 16B9,9[! 13701!
390B;709I4B93716F! 643;! 610! D9071! :1! ,;6!
3451,16!:1!,4:109U8;!13!,96!01:16!B04>439,16F!?!
16,9K;316! 011>D,9U9K,16! :1,! 318;B4;#! W43!
13701!:1,47;6!54;,137;6!?!3;!54;,137;6#!
1>K908;F!9!D1690!:1!169!D9074B4D9B4R3!>13;0!
61! 13B=137093! 13701! ,;6! 80=D;6! Y=1! >T6! W=D04>40! ,96! D1396! >@34>96! ;K,4897;0496F!
D9:1B13!,;6!4>D9B7;6!:1!,9!B9089!D=347459!:1! 154790! ,9! :1713B4R3! D015137459! 13! 1,! B96;! :1!
,96!D;,@74B96!:1!:0;896#!O9>K4S3!61!;K61059!,9!
!
4 "#$%&#'!! RESUMEN EJECUTIVO "!
!
!
!
:1,47;6! :1! :0;896! >13;016! ?! D10>4740! 1,! HI01B10!61054B4;6!:1!70979>4137;!5;,=37904;!?!
9BB16;! 9! ,;6! K131I4B4;6! D0;B169,16F! 96@! B;>;! 8097=47;! 9! ,96! D106;396! Y=1! D01613793! =6;!
9!,96!;D;07=34:9:16!:1!D1396!9,7103974596#!! D0;K,1>T74B;! :1! :0;896F! 7937;! B=93:;!
B;>1713!;70;6!:1,47;6!B;>;!B=93:;!3;#!.671!
-;364:1090! ,9! 9D,4B9B4R3! :1! 9>3467@96!
70979>4137;! 3;! :1K1! 16790! 6=A17;! 9! ,9!
16D1B49,16! M43:=,7;6NF! D909! ,96! D106;396! 9>139U9!:1!=39!693B4R3!D139,!;!4371039B4R3!
613713B49:96!D;0!:1,47;6!>13;016!:1!:0;896F!
B;>D=,6459#! /4BC;6! 70979>4137;6! :1K13!!
D;0! :1,47;6! 3;! 54;,137;6F! 96@! B;>;! D909!
6=671379061! 13! 154:13B49! B4137@I4B9F! ! B;3! =3!
D106;396! 643! 9371B1:13716! D139,16! ;! 13I;Y=1!:1!01:=BB4R3!:1!:9X;6F!?!:1K13!610!
613713B49:96!6;,9>1371!D;0!:1,47;6!>13;016!
,,159:;6!D;0!D0;I164;39,16!:1!,9!69,=:F!3;!D;0!
:1!:0;896#!
A=1B16!D139,16#!!
\0;>;510! 1,! 1679K,1B4>4137;! :1! >10B9:;6!
Mujeres y encarcelamiento:
,189,16! ?! 018=,9:;6! :1! B9339K46F! 43B,=?13:;!
B,=K16! :1! B9339K46F! ?! 1VD,;090! ;DB4;316! :1! _1:=B40! 64834I4B97459>1371! ,;6! 3451,16! :1!
9BB16;! 018=,9:;! D909! ;7096! 6=6793B496! 13B90B1,9>4137;! :1! >=A1016F! ?9! 619! D;0!
:1B,909:96!4,@B4796#!! >1:4;! :1! ,9! 9D,4B9B4R3! :1,! D043B4D4;! :1!
D0;D;0B4;39,4:9:! ;! D;0! ,9! 9:;DB4R3! :1!
Uso de drogas y la ley: 9,7103974596! :4I1013716! 9,! 13B90B1,9>4137;F!
/16B04>439,4U90! 1,! B;36=>;! :1! :0;896! ?! 7937;! 13! 6=6747=B4R3! :1,! =6;! :1! ,9! D0464R3!
:171310!7;:9!B,961!:1!D1061B=B4R3!B;3709!,;6! D015137459F! B;>;! 13! 1,! B=>D,4>4137;! :1! ,96!
B;36=>4:;016F! 43B,=?13:;! ,9! D;6164R3F! 613713B496#!
641>K09F! B=,745;! ?! B;>D09#! .6! :1B40F! 61! Q;! 13B90B1,90! 9! ,96! >=A1016! 1>K909U9:96! ?!
01B;>413:9! 69B90! :1,! :101BC;! D139,! 7;:96!
>9:016!:1!>13;016!:1!1:9:!B;3:139:96!D;0!
,96!B;3:=B796!31B1690496!D909!,,1590!9!B9K;!1,!
:1,47;6!:1!:0;896!3;!54;,137;6#!.3!1,!B96;!:1!
B;36=>;F! 96@! B;>;! :1A90! :1! =690! 9! ,;6! 16796! >=A1016F! :1K1! B;364:109061! ,9! 9D,4B9Z
B=10D;6! :1! D;,4B@96! M=! ;7096! 436793B496!
B4R3!:1!9,7103974596!9,!13B90B1,9>4137;#!
618=04:9:N! B;>;! D04>1096! 436747=B4;316! :1!
9B10B9>4137;!9!,;6!B;36=>4:;016#!! L618=090! Y=1! ,;6! ;D109:;016! :1! A=674B49!
713893! ,9! I,1V4K4,4:9:! :1! 7;>90! 13! B=1379F!
^690!=>K09,16!D909!I4A90!B9374:9:16!>@34>96F! :=09371! 1,! D0;B16;! ?! :1710>439B4R3! :1! ,9!
K969:96! 13! 9713B4R3! 9! ,96! D0TB74B96! :1! ,;6!
613713B49F! ,;6! I9B7;016! :1! 5=,3109K4,4:9:! ?! 64!
B;36=>4:;016F!D;0!:1K9A;!:1!,96!B=9,16!3;!61!
,9!9B=69:9!74131!:1D13:413716#!!
D=1:9! 1679K,1B10! 9B7454:9:! :1! B;>10B4;F!
D10;! 643! D10>4740! Y=1! D;0! 13B4>9! :1! :4BC96! Jvenes y adolescentes:
B9374:9:16! ,96! D106;396! D=1:93! 610!
693B4;39:96! D;0! :46704K=B4R3! ?! 70TI4B;#! .3! P>D,1>13790! D;,@74B96! D2K,4B96! 4371809,16!
7;:;6!,;6!B96;6F!1,!.679:;!:1K1!D0;K90!Y=1!,9! :40484:96!9!,;6!?!,96!AR51316!?!9:;,16B13716F!?!
43713B4R3! :1! ,9! D;6164R3! 16! ,9! 51379! ;! 9593U90! C9B49! =3! B9>K4;! :1,! 9B7=9,! 13I;Y=1!
:46704K=B4R3! B;>;! B;3:4B4R3! D909! 693B4;390! 16748>974U9:;0! ?! :1! B04>439,4U9B4R3! Y=1!
:4BC9!B;3:=B79#!! 1V4671!6;K01!1,,;6#!
!
RESUMEN EJECUTIVO
"#$%&#'!! 5
"!
!
!
!
LD,4B90F! 13! ,;6! B96;6! :1! AR51316F! ,;6! /;790! :1! 01B=06;6! 6=I4B413716! 9! ,;6! 64671>96!
K131I4B4;6! ?! ,96! 9,7103974596! Y=1! ,96! ,1?16! :1! :1!`=674B49!\139,!D909!L:;,16B13716F!9!I43!:1!
1A1B=B4R3!:1!D1396F!:1!,;6!:4I1013716!D9@616F! Y=1! I=3B4;313! :1! I;0>9! 16D1B49,4U9:9F! A=679!
1679K,1B13!D909!169!I093A9!179049#! ?! 1I4B41371F! 648=413:;! ,;! 1679K,1B4:;! D;0! ,9!
! -;3513B4R3! 6;K01! ,;6! /101BC;6! :1,! Q4X;! ?!
-=>D,40! B;3! ,96! ,1?16! Y=1! 1679K,1B13! ,;6! ;70;6! 167T3:9016! 4371039B4;39,16! 6;K01! ,9!
64671>96!:1!`=674B49!\139,!D909!L:;,16B13716F! >971049#!
,;6! B=9,16! 018=,93! ,9! 016D=1679! 167979,! D909! !
:1,47;6! B;>174:;6! D;0! D106;396! >13;016! :1! Alternativas al encarcelamiento:
('!9X;6F!?!Y=1!1679K,1B13!Y=1!,9!D0459B4R3!:1!
_19,4U90! ,96! 01I;0>96! 31B1690496! D909! 4>D,1Z
,9!,4K1079:!:1!,;6!9:;,16B13716!:1K1!610!6;,;!
>13790! 9,7103974596! 9,! 13B90B1,9>4137;! B;3!
=39! 1VB1DB4R3[! 9:1>T6F! 61! :1K1! B;364:1090!
16704B7;!9D18;!9!,;6!:101BC;6!:1!,96!D106;396!
Y=1!,96!>1A;016!693B4;316!13!167;6!B96;6!6;3!
435;,=B09:96! 13! ,9! B;>464R3! :1! B;3:=B796!
9Y=1,,96! Y=1! 3;! 4>D,4B93! 13B4100;F! 79,16!
01,9B4;39:96! B;3! :0;896F! D907413:;! :1! =3!
B;>;! ,9! ,4K1079:! 964674:9! ;! ,9! D01679B4R3! :1!
:4983R674B;!9:1B=9:;!6;K01!B=T,16!610@93!,96!
61054B4;6! 9! ,9! B;>=34:9:F! 96@! B;>;! ,;6!
>1:4:96! Y=1! D10>47410;3! ;D74>4U90! ,;6!
:45106;6! 01B=06;6! Y=1! ,96! ,1?16! 1679K,1B13!
01B=06;6!:46D;34K,16!13!B9:9!D9@6F!?!B;3!1,,;!
D909!016;,510!,;6!B96;6!I=109!:1!,9!5@9!A=:4B49,F!
01:=B40! 1,! C9B439>4137;! B90B1,904;F! 96@! B;>;!
?! 9! 7095S6! :1! ,9! A=674B49! 01679=097459#! L64Z
,9!0143B4:13B49!13!,9!B;>464R3!:1!:1,47;6#!
>46>;F! :1K13! 9B;079061! ,96! D1396! >TV4>96!
D909!:1,47;6!B;>174:;6!D;0!>13;016!:1!1:9:F! L618=090F! 13! ,9! >1:4:9! :1! ,;! D;64K,1F! 1,!
?!:1!1679!>93109!3;!1VB1:10!,;6!1679K,1B4:;6! :165@;! 93716! :1! Y=1! ,;6! B96;6! 137013! 13! 1,!
13!43670=>137;6!4371039B4;39,16#! 64671>9! D139,F! ,;! B=9,! D=1:1! D10>4740! =3!
! >1A;0! =6;! :1! ,;6! 01B=06;6! :1,! .679:;! ?!
>9?;016! ;D;07=34:9:16! :1! K41316790! ?!
1>D,1;!D909!Y=41316!61!13B=137093!13!16796!
647=9B4;316#!!
\0;>;510! ,96! 01I;0>96! 31B1690496! D909!

D10>4740! Y=1! ;I136;016! :1! :1,47;6! >13;016!
:1!:0;896!3;!54;,137;6!6193!:10459:;6!9!=39!
01:! D2K,4B9! :1! 9D;?;! D909! D0151340!
4371809,>1371! ,9! 0143B4:13B49F! 13! 51U! :1! 610!
!
13549:;6! 9! D0464R3F! 9713:413:;! 96@! ,;6!
!
Fotografa: Matas Torres. Fotgrafo de la Unidad de
Comunicaciones, Gendarmera de Chile. I9B7;016! 6;B4;1B;3R>4B;6! Y=1! ,,1590;3! 9! ,9!
! B;>464R3!:1!16796!B;3:=B796#!!
!
!
!
!
!
6 "#$%&#'!! RESUMEN EJECUTIVO "!
!
!
!
Elaboracin y Evaluacin de !
Polticas de Drogas:
!
a909374U90! ?! 9>D,490! ,9! D9074B4D9B4R3! 13! 1,!
!
:461X;F! 4>D,1>1379B4R3! ?! 159,=9B4R3! :1! ,96!
D;,@74B96! :1! :0;896! :1! ,9! 6;B41:9:! B454,! ?F! !
16D1B49,>1371F! :1! ,;6! ?! ,96! =6=904;6! :1!
:0;896! 13B90B1,9:96F! :1! ,96! >=A1016F! !
D106;396! EabOF! 43:@81396F! 9I0;6! ?! ;70;6!
!
61B7;016! :1! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! Y=1! 167T3! 13!
647=9B4;316!:1!5=,3109K4,4:9:!?!Y=1!C93!64:;! !
4>D9B79:;6! :16D0;D;0B4;39,>1371! D;0! ,96!
D;,@74B96!:1!:0;896#! !
E,1590! 9! B9K;! =3! :4983R674B;! 6104;! 13! B9:9! !

D9@6! Y=1! D10>479! 13713:10! ?! 939,4U90! ,;6!
!
4>D9B7;6! ?! ,9! 1I4B9B49! :1! ,96! D;,@74B96! :1!
:0;896! 9B7=9,16F! B;3! 1,! D0;DR647;! :1! !
:16900;,,90! 1! 4>D,1>13790! D;,@74B96! >T6!
C=>9396F!1I4B9B16!?!A=6796#!! !
c1A;090! ?! 9>D,490! ,;6! 64671>96! :1! 01B;Z !

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Fotografa: Ocina de Prensa y Comunicacin. Ministerio! ,9K;0!6=K09?9F!D;0!7937;F!,9!31B164:9:!:1!Y=1!
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!
CASTIGOS
"#$%&#'!!IRRACIONALES "!
11
!
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Fuente: Tasas globales de encarcelamiento por continente tomadas de Coyle, Fair, Jacobson & Walmsley (2016, p. 18).
Tasas por pases basadas en ICPS. World Prison Brief. Junio de 2016.
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CASTIGOS IRRACIONALES
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13
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:46743796! I9616! :1! ,9! B04>439,4U9B4R3! 13! 9374A=04:4B4:9:! >971049,#! -;3I;0>1! 9! 1671!
>971049!:1!:0;896F!:16:1!,9!:1I434B4R3!:1!,;6! D043B4D4;F! 6;,;! D=1:13! 610! B04>439,4U9:96! ?!
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:1!,96!D1396F!1V46713!16796!:467;064;316#! 1I1B7459>1371! 5=,31013! ;! D;3893! 13! 04168;!
K41316!A=0@:4B;6!I=3:9>1379,16F!13!,9!>1:4:9!
/=09371! ,9! I961! :1! e*1)2),$%)3$*)+,# 13!Y=1!D0;71A93!,;6!:101BC;6!?!,4K1079:16!:1!
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.679:;6! :1K13! 016D1790! =39! 61041! :1! :1>;B0T74B;! Y=1! 016D179! 1,! D,=09,46>;! ?! 1,!
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,;6!43670=>137;6!:1!:101BC;6!C=>93;6!?!,96! D=34K,16! B;>D;079>4137;6! Y=1! D=1:13! 610!
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890937@96! B;3741313! ,@>4716! 9,! 1679K,1B4Z ,;6! Y=1! 6193! B;364:109:;6! 43>;09,16! D;0!
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01D01613793! <13! 6@! >46>;6<! =3! B;>D;079Z D106;396! M?! ,;6! :1>T6! :101BC;6! Y=1!
>4137;! ,1645;! D909! 710B10;6#! .,,;F! D;0! B4107;F! 43:401B79>1371!6;3!9I1B79:;6N#!!!
3;!64834I4B9!Y=1!1,!.679:;!3;!:1K1!4371051340!
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01,9B4;39:96! B;3! :0;896! 4,@B4796! K=6B9!
D0;71810! ,9! 69,=:! D2K,4B9#! W43! 1>K908;F!
9=3Y=1! 61! 70979! :1! =3! K413! A=0@:4B;!
4>D;079371F! 13! 813109,! ,96! B;3:=B796!
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01,9B4;39:96! B;3! :0;896! 4,@B4796! 3;! 6=1,13! Fotografa: Mauro Tomasini
8131090!:9X;6!B;3B017;6!?!:1!>93109!:401B79! !
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K413!8131093!=3!04168;!9K6709B7;!1!43:401B7;! 9N! ;I13696! B;>D9097459>1371! 809516! :1K13! 610!
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1VD936459! Y=1! C9! 64834I4B9:;! =3! 9=>137;F! 61! 70979! :1! =39! >1:4:9! Y=1! ,4>479! :101BC;6!
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D139,16! Y=1! 693B4;393! 16796! B;3:=B796F! 43670=>137;! 9:1B=9:;F! 31B16904;! ?!
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43:4I1013B49:9F! D=16! 6=1,1! 4>D;310! D1396! (punicin en la etapa judicial)
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13! 61374:;! =74,47904;! ?! 13! 61374:;!
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9,7103974596! 9,! 13B90B1,9>4137;#! W43! 1>K90Z I9K04B9B4R3!:1!167=D1I9B413716!61!019,4U93!13!
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B4904;6! :1! ,9! 0184R3! ?! 6=! 43B9D9B4:9:! D909! :1,47;6! 1679! B,961! :1! B9D7=096! :16B413:1! 9,!
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016=,79! B=1674;39K,1! =690! ,9! 0143B4:13B49! 13! ,9! 179D9! :1! A=:4B49,4U9B4R3! Y=1! A=189!
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crisis penitenciaria >4137096! Y=1! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! B90B1,9049! 61!
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CASTIGOS IRRACIONALES "!
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26 CASTIGOS IRRACIONALES
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Delitos contra la propiedad
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Otros delitos / No conocidos
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>T6! 9,! >;>137;! :1! 6=! B9D7=09#! .3701! ,;6! 1679:;6F! ,9! >904C=939! 79>K4S3! 9D901B1!
Y=41316! D;079K93! =39! 6=6793B49F! ,9! >T6! B;>;! ,9! D043B4D9,! 6=6793B49! D10618=4:9#! .3!
I01B=1371! I=1! ,9! B;B9@39F! B;3! g*#%%m! :1! ,;6! ,;6! ((! 1679:;6! Y=1! D0;D;0B4;390;3!
B96;6F!618=4:;!:1!,9!>904C=939F!B;3!gg#('m#! 43I;0>9B4R3! D909! ,9! 435167489B4R3! :1,! -.//!
.,! D;0B1379A1! 01679371! 61! :46704K=?1! 13701! 13! cSV4B;F! &%#%gm! :1! ,96! :1713B4;316!
B96;6! 13! Y=1! ,9! 6=6793B49! 435;,=B09:9! 109! 01D;079:96! I=10;3! D;0! >904C=939F! 618=4:96!
9,823!436=>;!D909!1,!D0;B169>4137;F!C10;@39! D;0! B;B9@39! M%%#&"mN! ?! >1793I179>4396!
;! 43B,=6;! C;A9! :1! B;B9#! .3! 7S0>43;6! :1! ,96! M("#%gmN!M\S01U!-;0019!d!_;>10;F!%$(&N#!
B9374:9:16! 435;,=B09:96! 13! 1,! :1,47;F! D909! 1,! !
B96;! :1! ,9! B;B9@39F! ,9! >9?;0! D9071! 61! .3!G60HF!,9!>9?;0@9!:1!,;6!D016;6!D;0!:0;896F!
B;3B13709!13!B96;6!Y=1!435;,=B093!>13;6!:1! 9!>90U;!:1!%$(gF!C9K@9!64:;!:17134:;6!D;0!1,!
%$! 809>;6! M,;6! B=9,16! 01D01613790;3! 1,! :1,47;! :1! 70TI4B;! 4,@B47;! M74D;! K961N! Mg+#+mN#!
%$#*)m! :1! 7;:;6! ,;6! B96;6! 13! ,;6! Y=1! 167T! .679! B9718;0@9! 6=1,1! 43B,=40! 13! 6=! >9?;0@9! 9!
435;,=B09:9!=39!6;,9!6=6793B49!4,189,!?!1,!g"m! D106;396! Y=1! 70936D;0790;3! D1Y=1X96!
:1! ,;6! Y=1! 435;,=B093! 234B9>1371! B;B9@39N#! B9374:9:16!:1!:0;896!Mc9381,43BkV!`#!F!%$(&N[!!
\909!1,!B96;!:1!,9!>904C=939F!,9!D1061B=B4R3! ,1! 648=13! 9Y=1,,;6! Y=1! 1679K93! D;0! I;0>96!
61! B;3B13709! 13! B96;6! :1! >13;6! :1! %$$! 980959:96! :1! 70TI4B;! 4,@B47;! M%'#+m! :1,! 7;79,NF!
809>;6! M,;! Y=1! 01D01613793! 1,! %"m! :1! ,;6! D0;>;B4R3! ;! I95;01B4>4137;! :1,! 70TI4B;!
B96;6!:1!=39!6;,9!6=6793B49!?!1,!)%m!:1!7;:;6! M(%#'mN! ?! >4B0;! B;>10B49,4U9B4R3! M'#%mN#!
,;6! Y=1! 7=5410;3! Y=1! 510! B;3! >904C=939N! _16=,79! D01;B=D9371! Y=1! 13701! ,;6! Y=1!
Mc43467104;! :1! `=674B49! ?! :1,! /101BC;F! 13! 1679K93! D;0! 70TI4B;! C9?! =3! 9,7;! 32>10;! :1!
4>D01379N#!! 437103;6! >9?;016! :1! &$! 9X;6! M"#+mN#! .3!
! 7S0>43;6! :1! 3451,! 1:=B9745;F! +(#'m! :1! ,;6!
.3! &EX;71F! :1! 9B=10:;! B;3! ,9! \04>109! 437103;6! D;0! :0;896! 713@93! 1:=B9B4R3!
.3B=1679!13!-1370;6!\134713B4904;6!h1:109,16! 61B=3:9049! B;>D,179! ;! >13;6#! W1823!
M-P/.NF! 019,4U9:9! 13! %$(%F! &%m! :1! ,96! 435167489B4;316! :1! D139,46796! ?! :1! ,9!
D106;396! 43710396! 613713B49:96! 13! :4BC;6! -;>464R3!.D46B;D9,!:1!LBB4R3!W;B49,!M%$()F!D#!
B1370;6! ,;! 1679K93! D;0! :1,47;6! B;3709! ,9! ("NF! e9,! 167=:490! 1,! 3451,! 1:=B9745;! ?! ,9!
69,=:#! /1! S6796F! )'#*m! C9K@93! 64:;! D0;I164R3! :161>D1X9:9! D;0! 1,! D9:01! ?! ,9!
613713B49:96!D;0!=3!:1,47;!01,9B4;39:;!B;3!,9! >9:01F! Y=1:9! B,90;! Y=1! 9! ,9! BT0B1,! 648=13!
>904C=939!?!"'#)m!D;0!1,!:1,47;!:1!D;6164R3! ?13:;F! 1613B49,>1371F! 709K9A9:;016! D;K016F!
M70910! B;3648;N#! -0=U93:;! ,;6! :97;6! :1! ,9! C4A;6! 9! 6=! 51U! :1! 709K9A9:;016! D;B;!
13B=1679! 016=,79! Y=1! ($#%m! :1! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! B=9,4I4B9:;6! ?! 643! 167=:4;6f#! .6796!
13! 01B,=64R3! 613713B49:9! 13! B1370;6! 435167489B4;316! 61X9,93! Y=1! ,9! 8093! >9?;0@9!
I1:109,16! 1679K9! 613713B49:9! 6;,9>1371! D;0! :1! ,96! D106;396! D0459:96! :1! ,9! ,4K1079:!
B;3:=B796! 01,9B4;39:96! B;3! eB;36=>40f! ;! D0;B1:13! :1! I9>4,496! :161670=B7=09:96! ;!
e70910! B;3648;f! >904C=939! M\S01U! -;0019! d! 3=>10;696F! ?! Y=1! C93! 5454:;! 13! ,9! B9,,1!
_;>10;F! %$(&N#! .67;! 64834I4B9! Y=1! 13! %$((! M-;>464R3!.D46B;D9,!:1!LBB4R3!W;B49,F!%$()N#!
C9K@9! (F)$+! 437103;6! 613713B49:;6! D;0!
!
!
!
!
,9! 7969! :1! B;3:1396! M16! :1B40F! 1,! D;0B1379A1!
:1!,;6!B9D7=09:;6!Y=1!710>4393!B;3:139:;6N!
16! >13;0! Y=1! D909! ,;6! :1,47;6! 01,9B4;39:;6!
B;3!1,!70TI4B;F!7;:95@9!61!648=1!B;3:1393:;!?!
13B90B1,93:;!9!=6=904;6!:1!:0;896!Mc1799,!d!
E;4F!%$(&N#!/1!C1BC;F!^QH/-!1674>9!Y=1!B964!
=39! B=9079! D9071! :1! ,96! D106;396! Y=1! 61!
13B=13709!13!D0464R3!13!1,!>=3:;!D;0!:1,47;6!
Fotografa: Ocina de Prensa y Comunicacin. :1! :0;896F! ,;! 167T! D;0! B;3:=B796!
Ministerio de Justicia y Paz de Costa Rica. !
! 01,9B4;39:96! B;3! 1,! B;36=>;F! 3;! B;3! ,9!
! D0;:=BB4R3F! 70TI4B;! ;! B;>10B49,4U9B4R3! :1!
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,4K1079:!16!9,7;!M)+#&m!13!%$(%N!?!C9!5134:;! \;0! ,96! :1B,909B4;316! D;,@74B96! Y=1! C93!
13! 9=>137;#! /1! B9:9! ($! D106;396! D0;B169Z 6=6B047;!,;6!.679:;6!:1!L>S04B9!13!1,!61374:;!
:96!D;0!:1,47;6!:1!70TI4B;!:1!:0;896!13!%$(gF! :1! Y=1! 1,! =6;! :1! :0;896! :1K1! 610! 70979:;!
:;6! 61! 13B;3709K93! :16;B=D9:96! ;! D1364;Z K9A;! =3! 13I;Y=1! :1! 69,=:! D2K,4B9! ?! 3;! B;3!
39:96! 9,! >;>137;! :1,! D0;B169>4137;F! 6146! >1:4:96! 01D0164596F! B9K0@9! 16D1090! Y=1! 13!
019,4U9K93! 9,823! ;I4B4;! 13! D;64B4;316! :1! ,;6! D9@616! 939,4U9:;6! 1671! I13R>13;! I=109!
D01B9041:9:! ,9K;09,! MeBC93896fF! A;039,10;6F! 1VB1DB4;39,%"#! W43! 1>K908;F! B;>;! 61!
13! e,9K;016fF! 13! ,9! D0;6747=B4R3F! =! ;70;6N! ?! >13B4;3R! 937104;0>1371F! ,96! 016D=16796! :1!
6;,;! :;6! 1093! 167=:493716F! 1>D,19:;6! ,;6! 8;K4103;6! 13! L>S04B9! I01371! 9,! B;36=>;!
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%$(&N#!! D01:;>439371>1371! D=3474596! ?! 01D0164596!
! M-.//F! %$(gN#! .67;! 6=B1:1! D;0Y=1F! 9! D1690!
Usuarios de drogas: :1! Y=1! 1,! =6;! :1! :0;896! 3;! 167T! B04>439,4Z
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:1! Y=1! 1,! B;36=>;! :1! :0;896F! ?! ,96! MH.LF! %$("NF! ,;6! B=9,16! 01D01613790;3! =3! 840;! 13! ,9!
D;67=09! :1! ,;6! .679:;6#! \;67104;0>1371F! 61! C93!
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CASTIGOS 37
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Pas Consumo Posesin Regulacin (sntesis)

La posesin o tenencia simple y la tenencia con fines estn tipificadas
como delito. El artculo 14 de la Ley 23.737 tipifica la posesin para
consumo como delito. Sin embargo, la Corte Suprema declar la
Argentina No S inconstitucionalidad del segundo prrafo del artculo 14 siempre que "se
realice en condiciones tales que no traigan aparejado un peligro concreto
o un dao a derechos o bienes de terceros". (Vase Corte Suprema de
Justicia de la Nacin Argentina, Fallo Arriola -A. 891. XLIV-).
La posesin para consumo es delito de acuerdo con el artculo 49 de la
Ley 1008, sancionable con tratamiento forzoso. Sin embargo, en la
prctica esta disposicin no se aplica. En caso de que un examen mdico
Bolivia No S
determine que la persona aprehendida porta ms de lo necesario para su
consumo personal e inmediato, debe ser procesada por trfico de
drogas.
La posesin para consumo y la posesin simple estn tipificadas como
delito. El artculo 28 de la Ley 11.343/06, seala que el juez determina
cuando la sustancia se considera para consumo personal tomando en
Brasil No S
cuenta, entre otras cosas, la naturaleza de la sustancia, la cantidad y los
antecedentes de la persona. Las sanciones para posesin por consumo
no incluyen penas privativas de libertad. Artculo 33 de la Ley 11.343/06
El consumo est prohibido constitucionalmente, pero la Corte Suprema
de Justicia ha sostenido, con base en la doctrina de la dosis de
aprovisionamiento, que el porte para consumo no est penalizado,
Colombia No S
incluso si sobrepasa la dosis personal (ver Corte Constitucional de
Colombia, Sentencia C 221). Sin embargo, la posesin simple s est
tipificada como delito24.
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!
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!
Pas Consumo Posesin Ni la posesin
! Regulacin
para consumo ni la (sntesis)
posesin simple son delito. La
posesin
Ni posesin
La slooes
la posesin delitoconsumo
para
tenencia sisimple
se determina
ynila la que la con
posesin
tenencia intencin
fines de
simple la persona
son
estn delito. La
tipificadases
para que
posesin
como delito."distribuya,
slo es artculo
El delito si comercie,
14 de la suministre,
se determina Ley que23.737 fabrique,
la intencin
tipifica lade elabore,
la persona
posesin refine,
es
para
transforme,
para
consumo que como extraiga,
"distribuya, prepare,
delito. comercie, cultive,
Sin embargo, produzca,
suministre,
la Corte transporte,
fabrique,
Suprema almacene
elabore,
declar refine,o
la
Costa Rica
Argentina No
No No
S venda las drogas,
transforme, extraiga,del
inconstitucionalidad las sustancias
prepare,
segundo o los
cultive, productos
prrafo produzca,
del artculo referidos
transporte, en
14 siempre esta
almaceneLey,
que "se o
o
Costa Rica No No cultive
venda las
las plantas
drogas, de
las las que
sustancias se o obtienen
los tales
productos
realice en condiciones tales que no traigan aparejado un peligro concreto sustancias
referidos o
en productos"
esta Ley, o
(Artculo
cultive
o un dao las58 a de
plantas ladeLey
derechos o 8204).
las que seLa
bienes posesin
obtienen
de terceros".tales est tipifica
CorteyoSuprema
sustancias
(Vase sancionada
productos" de
tratndose
(Artculo
Justicia de58la dede semillas
Nacin la Ley con capacidad
8204). Fallo
Argentina, La posesin germinadora
Arriola -A. est u
891.tipifica otros productos
XLIV-). y sancionada
naturales
tratndose para producir las referidas drogas." (Ley 8204uenotros el Artculo 58).
La posesinde para semillas
consumo con escapacidad germinadora
delito de acuerdo con el artculoproductos49 de la
La posesin
naturales parasimple
produciry paralas uso estn
referidas tipificadas
drogas."
Ley 1008, sancionable con tratamiento forzoso. Sin embargo, como
(Ley 8204 delito,
en el pero
Artculocuando
en58).
la
la
La posesin
posesin
prctica estaes parayconsumo
simple
disposicin paranouso seno
estnes tipificadas
aplica. sancionada
En caso de (artculo
como un 220
quedelito, del Cdigo
pero
examen cuando
mdico
Ecuador
Bolivia No
No S
S Orgnico
la posesin
determine integral
es para
que Penal).
consumo
la persona La posesin simple
portase
no es sancionada
aprehendida ms materializa
(artculo pordel
220
de lo necesario encima
para de
Cdigo su
Ecuador No S los umbrales 25
.
Orgnico integral
consumo personalPenal). La posesin
e inmediato, debesimpleserseprocesada
materializapor por encima
trfico de
La
los posesin
umbrales25para
drogas. . consumo personal es un delito, pero no se procede
penalmente,
La posesin para siempre consumoque ypersonal
consumo nola se exceda
posesines unsimplede los
delito, umbrales
pero
estn no se mximos
tipificadas procede
como
Mxico No S establecidos
penalmente,
delito. por la
siempre
El artculo Ley
28 dequeGeneral
la Ley de Salud
no 11.343/06, (artculo
se excedaseala de los 479), no
queumbrales sea en
el juez lugares
mximos
determina
Mxico No S como escuelas
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Fotografa: Csar Acua. Prisin en Ecuador.
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b9A9! -9,4I;0349F! -9>D1BC1F! -C49D96F! -C4C=9C=9F! :1!019,4U90!D0=1K96!:1!:16B9071!:1!,9!6=6793B49!?!D169A1!
-;9C=4,9F!/467047;!h1:109,F!/=0938;F!a=10010;F!j4:9,8;F! :1! ,9! >46>9! ?! 13! 9,8=3;6! B96;6! 9:1>T6! 6;,4B4790,1!
`9,46B;F! Q=15;! E1R3F! H9V9B9F! \=1K,9F! w=437939! _;;F! 1V9>13! 7;V4B;,R84B;F! 93T,4646! Y=@>4B;F! 9371B1:13716!
W439,;9F!W93!E=46!\;7;6@F!O,9VB9,9!?!i9B971B96#! D;,4B49,16!?!01Y=4647;0496F!17B#[!,96!B=9,16!3;!61!019,4U93!
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CASTIGOS
45
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!
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L,8=3;6! :1! 167;6! B96;6! ,,1890;3! C9679! ,96! .3701! %$((! ?! %$(gF! 9! :4I1013B49! :1! ,;!
h46B9,@96! .6D1B49,4U9:96G! 13701! %$$+! ?! %$("! ;B=004:;! B;3! ,;6! D0;B169>4137;6! A=:4B49,16!
,,1890;3!"F)''!B96;6!D;0!B;36=>;!;!D;6164R3! D;0!1,!:1,47;!:1!70TI4B;!Y=1!B9?10;3!13!))mF!
9! B;3;B4>4137;! :1,! D;:10! A=:4B49,! M)#gm! :1! 9Y=1,,;6! 01,9B4;39:;6! B;3! D;6164R3]=6;!
,;6!B96;6!D;0!:0;896N!Mc9381,43BkV!`#!F!%$(&N#! B01B410;3!(*m#!.3!7;79,F!:=09371!1671!D10@;:;!
.3701! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! 13! D0464R3F! 1,! 9,7;! &F(&(! D106;396! I=10;3! D0;B169:96! D;0!
D;0B1379A1! :1! D106;396! D0459:96! :1! ,9! D;6164R3F! ,;! B=9,! 01D0161379! 1,! )'m! :1! ,;6!
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9! ,9! 1V46713B49! :1! 9,8=3;6! B96;6! :1! =6=904;6! 167=D1I9B413716#! ^3;! :1! B9:9! B=970;!
13B90B1,9:;6! D;0! 1671! :1,47;F! C9! ,,159:;! 9! D0;B169:;6! 01B4K4R! B;3:139#! L! :4I1013B49! :1!
9,8=3;6! 9! 6=81040! Y=1! 590496! :1! ,96! D106;396! ,;6! B;3:139:;6! D;0! 70TI4B;F! ,96! D106;396!
13B90B1,9:96! D;0! 1679! B9=69! 610@93! =6=904;6! B;3:139:96! D;0! D;6164R3]=6;! ,;! I=10;3F! 13!
Mc9381,43BkV!`#!F!%$(&N#!! 6=! >9?;0@9F! D;0! D;6164R3! :1! >904C=939!
MggmNF! 618=4:9! D;0! B;B9@39! M""mN! ?! D9679!
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6;K01! ,9! A=046D0=:13B49! :1! ,;6! 704K=39,16! :1!
B=970;!6;3!>=A1016!Mb90:9U93;!d!W9,9>93;F!
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K969! 13! ,9! 154:13B49! ?! ,;6! I9B7;016!
A=046D0=:13B49!D;67104;0!9!,9!01I;0>9!:1,!9X;!
9713=93716! :1! ,9! B;>464R3! :1! =3! :1,47;#!
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1A1>D,;!:1!1,,;!16!,9!613713B49!B;3!,9!B=9,!61!
9001671! 9! D106;396! =6=90496! M-;07S6F! %$("N#!
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D0;C4K4:96! M%+! D,93796! :1! B9339K46NF! 9! =39!
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13!1,!0S84>13!937104;0!34!13!1,!5481371!=39!D106;39!Y=1!
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713413:;! 13! B=1379! ,9! ,1?! (+#(*%F! Y=1! 1V4>1! :1! 9K974:9! 9,! >@34>;! ,189,F! 167;! 16! 514371! >1616! :1!
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=39! ,1?! D;67104;0! >T6! K131I4B4;69! D909! ,9! 13B9=69:9#! B40B=36793B496! 9,197;0496F! D1,480;64:9:! ?! D106;39,4:9:!
W43! 1>K908;F! 1679K,1B4R! Y=1! ,9! D106;39! 13B9=69:9! 3;! :1,!981371f!MOL\!gF!W137#!(g$]%$(gF!(*#$*#%$(gN#!
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9,8=413! B;36=>413:;! 13! ,9! 5@9! D2K,4B9F! ,;6! D0464R3F!?9!Y=1!=6=9,>1371!96=>13!,;6!0;,16!
01Y=469! ?! :1B;>469! ,9! 6=6793B49F! 643! 610! :1! B=4:9:;! :1! D106;396! :1D13:413716! MC4A;6!
B;>23! Y=1! ,;6! :1713893#! .67;F! 9:1>T6F! 59! 1! C4A96F! 9:=,7;6! >9?;016! ;! D106;396! B;3!
9D901A9:;! B;3! :401B704B16! :1! D0TB74B96! :46B9D9B4:9:N#! \909! 1,,96F! ,9! BT0B1,! 6=1,1!
436747=B4;39,16! D909! 3;! B04>439,4U90! 9! ,;6! 4>D,4B90! =39! >9?;0! D0164R3! ?! =39! 80951!
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1>K908;F! 13! 1,! 93T,4646! :1! =39! >=16709! :1! 545@93#! .3! >=BC;6! B96;6F! 1,! 13B90B1,9>4137;!
1VD1:413716!D139,16!D;0!:1,47;6!:1!:0;896!13! :1! 1,,96! B;3:=B1! 9! ,9! 0=D7=09! :1,! 5@3B=,;!
-;679! _4B9F! 1,! g+m! :1! ,;6! B;3:139:;6! D;0! I9>4,490! ?! 9! =39! >9?;0! 1VD;64B4R3! :1! 6=6!
51379! 9,! >13=:1;! 1093! 79>K4S3! :1D13:413716! 9! 647=9B4;316! :1! 04168;! ?!
B;36=>4:;016!:1!:0;896#!E9!:0;89!:1!>9?;0! 5=,3109K4,4:9:")#! L! 167;! 61! 6=>93! ,96! B90896!
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618=4:9! D;0! B09BkF! B;B9@39! ?! 9,B;C;,#! .67;! 435;,=B09061! 13! =39! 9B7454:9:! 4,189,F! D=16! 16!
>=16709! Y=1! =3! 80=D;! 64834I4B9745;! :1! B;>23! Y=1! 9I0;3713! >9?;016! 01D0;BC16! D;0!
D106;396! 513:13! ,9! >46>9! :0;89! Y=1! 6=6! 9B7;6! :1,4B745;6F! 7937;! 13! 1,! 64671>9! :1!
B;36=>13! B;>;! =39! I;0>9! :1! A=674B49!MD;,4B@9F!:1I136;016F!I46B9,16!?!A=1B16NF!
9K9671B4>4137;! D106;39,F! 96@! B;>;! :1! B;>;!13!;70;6!16D9B4;6!M13!,96!B;>=34:9:16F!
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1A1>D,;! 61! 13B=13709! 13! ,;6! 3451,16! >T6! D9@616F! 1,! :1,47;! :1! 70936D;071F! D;0! 1,! Y=1!
K9A;6! :1,! >10B9:;! :1! B;B9@396! I=>9K,16! :1! I01B=1371>1371! 6;3! 613713B49:96F! B;3,,159!
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D;0! 6=! 51379#! E;6! e_;K;76f! 6;3! ,;6! Y=1! 61! D=37;!bF!01B4K13!613713B496!:1!>=BC;6!9X;6!
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4,@B47;!?!:1,!.679:;!M-;07S6F!%$()N#! 8S310;!Y=1!741313!Y=1!6;D;0790!:1370;!:1!,9!
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D9:016! ;! >9:016! 13B90B1,9:;6! D=1:13! 13I013790!
Mujeres 647=9B4;316! 64>4,9016! :1! 5=,3109K4,4:9:[! 3;! ;K679371F!
C9?!=39!B9374:9:!4>D;079371!:1!,471097=09!Y=1!:1679B9!
9,8=3;6!96D1B7;6!16D1B@I4B;6!B=93:;!16!,9!>9:01!Y=413!
L=3Y=1! ,9! >9?;0@9! :1! ,96! D106;396! 167T! D0169#! .,! 709K9A;! D=K,4B9:;! D;0! -,9=:49! W71,,9!
M%$$+NF! 7=5;! B;>;! 6=A17;6! D0454,1849:;6! :1! 6=!
13B90B1,9:96! D;0! :0;896! 6;3! C;>K016F! 1,!
01,159>4137;!9!,;6!C4A;6!:1!D01696F!13!1,!13713:4:;!:1!
13B90B1,9>4137;! 813109! 4>D9B7;6! Y=1!1V4671!=3!B;3:4B4;39>4137;!C467R04B;!D;0!1,!B=9,!1,!
:4I1013B49,16! ?! :16D0;D;0B4;39:;6! 6;K01! ,96! B=4:9:;! :1! ,;6! 34X;6! 641>D01! 167=5;! 9! B908;! :1! ,9!
>=A10#! L39,4U93:;! :97;6! :1! B136;6! D134713B4904;6F!
>=A1016! MJHELF! P/\-F! /1A=674B49! d! -PcF! 61X9,9! Y=1! ,;6! :97;6! 1679:@674B;6! :1! ,9! ,471097=09!
%$(&N#! E9! D;64B4R3! :1! 5=,3109K4,4:9:! 4371039B4;39,!>=167093!Y=1!B=93:;!1,!D9:01!167T!D016;!
,9!>9?;0@9!:1!,;6!34X;6!B;3743293!6413:;!B=4:9:;6!D;0!
1B;3R>4B9! ?! I9>4,490! Y=1! ,96! >=A1016!
6=6! >9:016F! 643! 1>K908;F! B=93:;! 61! 70979! :1! =3!
13I013793! 13! ,9! 6;B41:9:! 61! 9809593! B;3! ,9! 13B90B1,9>4137;! >97103;F! 9D1396! 1,! ($! m! Y=1:9! 9!
B908;!:1!6=6!D9:016f!MW9951:09!!"#$%&!%$(gF!D#!"gN#!!
!
CASTIGOS
47
!
!
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BT0B1,! 13! 1,! >90B;! :1! =3! 64671>9! I9>4,49016! ?! 6;B49,16#! P3B,=6;F! 9,8=396!
D134713B4904;!:461X9:;!D909!,;6!C;>K016F!96@! >=A1016!B;3!I9>4,49016!13!D0464R3!741313!Y=1!
B;>;! ,;! Y=1! 741313! Y=1! 6=I040! B=93:;! 9K93:;390! 6=6! 1>D,1;6! ?! D9:1B13!
01B=D1093! 6=! ,4K1079:F! D=16! ,96! :4I4B=,79:16! D0;K,1>96! :1! 69,=:! M\S01U! -;0019F! %$()N#!
D909!13B;37090!=3!1>D,1;!:1B1371!710>4393! O;:;! 167;! 16! >=?! :467437;! B=93:;! 1,,96! 6;3!
D;0! D10D17=90! 1,! B@0B=,;! 54B4;6;! :1! D;K01U9F! ,96! 13B90B1,9:96F! D=16! 16! I01B=1371! Y=1!
543B=,9B4R3! 9! >10B9:;6! :1! :0;896! ?! 01B4K93! >13;6! 5464796! Y=1! ,;6! C;>K016!
13B90B1,9>4137;#!! 437103;6#! E1A;6! :1! B;>D01364R3! ?! 9D;?;F!
01B4K13! >9?;016! D0164;316! ?! 01D0;BC16! D;0!
7;:96! ,96! 016D;369K4,4:9:16! Y=1! ?9! 3;!
D=1:13! 96=>40! ;! Y=1! :1K13! 618=40!
B=>D,413:;!:1370;!:1!,9!BT0B1,#!!
E9! D;K,9B4R3! I1>13439! Y=1! 61! 13B=13709! 13!

D0464R3!13!,;6!D9@616!:1!L>S04B9!C9!B01B4:;!>T6!
0TD4:;! Y=1! ,9! :1! C;>K016#! \10;! :1370;! :1! ,9!
D;K,9B4R3! B90B1,9049! I1>13439F! ,9! 01B,=4:9! D;0!
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Fotografa: Csar Acua. Prisin en Ecuador. 0TD4:;!13!,9!>9?;0@9!:1!,;6!D9@616#!.3!L08137439!
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13B90B1,9:;6F!,96!>=A1016!741313!Y=1!96=>40! D;0B137=9,>1371! >T6! 0TD4:;! Y=1! ,9! >96B=,439!
590496! 016D;369K4,4:9:16! 13! 6=! B=4:9:;! Y=1! 01B,=4:9!D;0!167;6!:1,47;6#!E;6!:1,47;6!:1!:0;896!
01D10B=713! 13! 6=6! 54:96F! ,;! B=9,! B;3541071! ,9! 6;3F! 13! 7;:;6! ,;6! D9@616! 167=:49:;6F! B;3!
693B4R3! D139,! 13! =3! B96748;! 3;! 6R,;! B;3709! 1VB1DB4R3! :1! cSV4B;F! ,9! D043B4D9,! B9=69! :1!
,;6! 43:454:=;6F! 643;! B;3709! ,96! I9>4,496! ?F! 13! 13B90B1,9>4137;! I1>1343;G! >4137096! Y=1! D909!
D9074B=,90F!B;3709!,96!>9:016F!C4A96!?!16D;696! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! 13! 813109,! ,;6! D016;6! D;0! :0;896!
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!
48
Cuadro 3. Indicadores de encarcelamiento femenino por delitos de drogas en los nueve pases
estudiados de Amrica Latina.
Nmero % encarcelados % Aumento Nmero % Mujeres % Aumento
de encarcelados por drogas poblacin de mujeres encarceladas por poblacin carcelaria
por drogas en relacin en prisin encarceladas por drogas en relacin de mujeres
(hombres y mujeres) al total por drogas delitos de drogas al total de mujeres por drogas36
6,979 113.35% 51338 65%39 271%
ARG37 (2013)
10.88%
(2002/2013) (dic/2012) (dic/2012) (1989/2008)
3,939 - 17% 114.38%
BOL40 (2013)
27.32%
(2000/2013)
82741 48%42
(2003/2013)
146,276 25.94% 344.87% 16,489 60.63% 290%
BRA43 (jun/2013) (jun/2013) (2005/2013) (jun/2013) (jun/2013) (2005/2013)
23,141 21% 289.2% 3,830 45% 211%
COL44 (2014) (2014) (2000/2015) (2014) (2014) (2000/2014)
4,645 26.4% 225.52% 944 75.46% 189.18%
CR45 (dic/2011) (dic/2011) (2006/2011) (dic/2011) (dic/2011) (2006/2011)
4,156 17%
ECU46 (2015) (2015)
- 709 43% -
Federales 44.8% ND
1,547 (ago/2014)
MEX47 26,098 10% 19% (2014)
(2013) (2013) (2011/2013) Locales 14.2% 2.3%
528 (mayo/2013) (2011/2013)
(2013)
19,329 27% 50% 2,679 60.6% 35%
PER48 (jul/2014) (jul/2014) (2008/2014) (jul/2014) (jul/2014) (2008/2014)
1,265 12.9% 24%
URU49 (2013) (2013)
- 205
(2013)
-
Fuente: Botieux (2015, p.3).
36
El aumento se calcula sobre el nmero absoluto de mujeres encarceladas.
37
SNEEP, Informe anual de la Repblica Argentina. Estos datos son de las crceles federales.
38
www.oas.org/es/cim/docs/WomenDrugsAmericas-ES.pdf>, clculo hecho con datos de la p. 34.
39
Idem.
40
Instituto Nacional de Estadstica (INE)
41
http://www.oas.org/es/cim/docs/WomenDrugsAmericas-ES.pdf
42
Idem.
43
DEPEN, Departamento Penitenciario Nacional, Brasil.
44
Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario INPEC. Diciembre de 2014.
45
Clculo hecho a partir de los datos del Observatorio de la Violencia del Ministerio de Justicia y Paz http://sisvi.mj.go.cr/-
SISVI/
46
Ministerio de Justicia del Ecuador.
47
Conforme a los datos del Censo Nacional de Gobierno, Seguridad Pblica y Sistemas Penitenciarios Estatales, a diciembre
de 2014, 252mil personas estaban privadas de la libertad por delitos del fuero comn (239,667 hombres el 95.1%- y
12,233 mujeres el 4.8%-), de las cuales 11,488 (4.5%) lo estaban por narcomenudeo (10,614 hombres el 92.3%- y 874
mujeres el 7.6%-). En el fuero federal haba privadas de la libertad 35,679 personas (33,000 hombres el 92.4%- y 2,679
mujeres -el 7.5%-), de las cuales 13,794 (38.6%) lo estaban por delitos contra la salud (12,581 hombres el 91.2%- y 1,213
mujeres el 8.7%-). Esto quiere decir que 25,282 personas estaban presas por delitos de drogas (8.7% del total). De ellas
2,087 eran mujeres (el 8.2% del total). Sin embargo las mujeres detenidas por drogas representaban el 13.9% de las
mujeres encarceladas (aunque en el fuero federal representaban el 45% del total y en el comn el 7%). Disponible en:
http://www.inegi.org.mx/lib/olap/consulta/general_ver4/MDXQueryDatos.asp?c=.
48
INPEC, Informe Estadstico (Julio 2014).
49
Informes de Actuacin y Evaluacin del Sistema Penitenciario Nacional. Poder Legislativo. Comisionado Parlamentario.
!
!
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Fotografa: Csar Acua. Prisin de Mxima seguridad
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/1,! 7;79,! :1! >=A1016! Y=1! 43801690;3! 9! ,96! Y=1! 61! 13B;3709K93! D0459:96! :1! ,9! ,4K1079:#!
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01D0161379K93! 1,! *&m! :1,! 7;79,#! .,! 80=D;! :1,47;6!:1!:0;896!01D0161379K93!13!%$(g!=3!
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>;6709K9! Y=1! &)m! :1! ,96! >=A1016! D0464R3! I=10;3! 613713B49:96! D;0! :1,47;6! :1!
13B90B1,9:96!1679K93!613713B49:96!D;0!,9!E1?! :0;896! :467437;6! 9! ,9! 4370;:=BB4R3! :1! :0;896!
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13! B;3:4B4R3! :1! D;K01U9[! KN! .6! A1I9! :1! C;890! 13!
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:1,! 34X;F! ,96! 9=7;04:9:16! A=:4B49,16!
B;>D1713716! :1K10T3! 9D,4B90! B;3! >9?;0!
048=0;64:9:! ,;6! B047104;6! :1! 31B164:9:F!
D0;D;0B4;39,4:9:! ?! 09U;39K4,4:9:! 9,!
>;>137;! :1! B;364:1090! ,9! 9D,4B9B4R3! :1! ,9!
D0464R3! D015137459! 13! 1,! B96;! :1! D106;396!
Y=1! 713893! 34X;6! 9! 6=! B908;#! .3! 167;6! B96;6!
:1K1! D;713B49061! 1,! 1>D,1;! :1! ;7096! Fotografa: Csar Acua. Prisin en Ecuador. !
>1:4:96! B9=71,9016! 3;! D045974596! :1! ,9!
L=3Y=1! 61! C93! B;3B1:4:;! 9,7103974596! 9! ,9!
,4K1079:#! E9! -;>464R3! C9! ;K61059:;F! D;0!
D0464R3F!13!>=BC;6!B96;6!61!648=13!31893:;#!
1A1>D,;F! Y=1! 13! ,;6! C1BC;6! =3! 9,7;!
.3! 1,! 43I;0>1! %$(g! 6;K01! BT0B1,16F! :1! ,9!
D;0B1379A1! :1! ,96! >=A1016! D0459:96! :1! 6=!
\0;B=09B4R3! \134713B49049! :1! L08137439!
,4K1079:!Y=1!741313!9!6=!B908;!34X;6F!C93!64:;!
1V4671! =3! 9D9079:;! :1:4B9:;! 9! 1679! B=1674R3!
:17134:96! D;0! :1,47;6! 3;! 54;,137;6F! B;>;! 1,!
13! ,9! Y=1! 61! 61X9,9G! eB;374329! 016=,793:;!
>4B0;70TI4B;!:1!:0;896f!M-P/jF!%$("F!D#!'&N#!!
D01;B=D9371!,9!:46B04>439B4R3!Y=1!6=K?9B1!9!
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70979>4137;!:1!,96!01B,=696!?!>1:4:96!3;!D045974596!:1! A=:4B49,F! 13! ,96! :131897;0496! :1! ,;6! D1:4:;6!
,9!,4K1079:!D909!,96!>=A1016!:1,43B=13716#!_18,9!Q;#!&g#!!
!
CASTIGOS
"#$%&#'!!IRRACIONALES 55 "!
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!
:1! 900167;6! :;>4B4,4904;6)%#! E9! B;3:4B4R3! ,;6! 016=,79:;6! 16D109:;6! D=16! ,96! >9:016!
6;B49,!:1!,96!>=A1016!6;,4B4793716!B;36747=?1!9! 741313!9BB16;!>=?!016704384:;!9!1,,96F!?9!Y=1!
>13=:;! 1,! 1A1! B13709,! :1! ,;6! I=3:9>137;6! 3;! 61! ,16! D10>471! 435;,=B09061! :1! >93109!
A=:4B49,16! Y=1! ;K679B=,4U93! 1,! 9BB16;! 9,! 9B7459!13!1,!D0;B16;!:1!B0493U9F!9:1>T6F!6=6!
436747=7;#!/1!1671!>;:;F!,96!>=A1016!Y=1:93! C4A;6!:1K13!610!01>474:;6!9!,;6!7016!9X;6!B;3!
43>10696F! 3=159>1371F! 13! =39! D1,480;69! =3! I9>4,490! ;! 436747=B4R3! 1V71039! Y=1! D=1:9!
U;39! >908439,! B=93:;! 1,! D;:10! A=:4B49,! ,16! C9B1061!B908;!:1!1,,;6!M^QPh.cF!%$$&F!D#!ggN#!
34189!1,!D,13;!1A10B4B4;!:1!6=!>971034:9:!13! E9! -;>464R3! L616;09! :1! \;,@74B9! -04>439,!
5407=:! :1! 6=! ;04813! 6;B4;1B;3R>4B;f! M%$(%F! D#! (&"N! ?! ;08934U9B4;316! 6;B49,16! C93!
M\0;B=09B4R3! \134713B49049! :1! ,9! Q9B4R3F! C1BC;!=3!,,9>9:;!=081371!D909!43B;0D;090!,9!
%$(gF! D#! ""gZ"")N#! P8=9,>1371F! 016=,79! D106D1B7459! :1! 8S310;! 13! 1671! ?! ;70;6!
D01;B=D9371! Y=1! =3! 907@B=,;! :1! D01369! :1,! 96D1B7;6! :1! ,9! D;,@74B9! B04>439,! ?!
9X;! %$(g! :16B04K4109! ,96! B;3:4B4;316! :1! D134713B49049!M^D04>3?!!"#$%F!%$(&KN#!!
:1713B4R3!:1!,96!>9:016!B;3!6=6!C4A;6!1!C4A96!
13!,96!BT0B1,16!:1!\0;543B49!:1!b=13;6!L4016! .3! G60HF! ,96! >=A1016! 43710396! B;3! C4A;6!
01D01613793! 1,! )#%! m! :1! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! D139,!
?! 01,979K9! 1,! B96;! :1! =3! 34X;! :1! %(! :@96! :1!
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39B4:;! Y=1! I9,,1B4R! 13! D0464R3#! -;3!
D;67104;04:9:!9,!C1BC;!,96!>9:016!D=K,4B90;3! >9:016! B;3! =3! 7;79,! %(%! 34X;6! >13;016! :1!
7016! 9X;6#! W1823! 1,! 907@B=,;! '! :1,!
=39! B9079! :;3:1! D1:@93! Y=1! ,9! =34:9:!
_18,9>137;!:1,!-R:48;!:1!.A1B=B4R3!\139,F!,9!
693479049! B;37909! B;3! =39! 9>K=,93B49! 13!
B;3:4B4;316! Y=1! 61! D=1:9! =74,4U90! :1! I;0>9! D0;71BB4R3! :1! ,96! 43710396! 816793716F!
43B,=?13:;! 1,! 9,=>K09>4137;! 1! C4A;6! Y=1!
1VB,=6459! D909! 61054B4;6! 69347904;6! ?! Y=1! 619!
B;354593! B;3! 1,,96F! B;3,,159! Y=1! 01B4K93!
>931A9:9! D;0! D106;39,! :1! 69,=:! M-;61BC9!
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D2K,4B;6!:1!69,=:!;!13!9>K413716!9:1B=9:;6!
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13I013793! >2,74D,16! K9001096! D909! 9BB1:10! 9! 69,4:9! D909! ,;6! 34X;6#! .,! 907@B=,;! (%! D015S!
61054B4;6! :1! 69,=:! 9:1B=9:;6! 13! ,9! BT0B1,! Y=1! 9! ,96! >=A1016! D0459:96! :1! 6=! ,4K1079:! 61!
M-;,1B745;! `=939! `=,49! a=U>T3F! %$$+N! ?! 13! ,16! 016D171! 1,! :101BC;! :1! D10>931B10! 13! 1,!
;B964;316! 6=I013! 79>K4S3! 1,! 16748>9! D;0! 1679K,1B4>4137;! D134713B4904;! B;3! 6=6! C4A;6!
D9071! :1! ;D109:;016! A=:4B49,16! ;! D106;39,! C9679! Y=1! 167;6! B=>D,93! 7016! 9X;6! :1! 1:9:F!
D134713B4904;F!Y=41316!,96!B9,4I4B93!:1!e>9,96! ;D;07=34:9:!13!,9!B=9,!610T3!1370189:;6!9!,9!
>9:016f!Mc1A@9F!%$(gN#!\909!,96!>=A1016!B;3! D106;39! Y=1! B;0016D;3:9! :1! B;3I;0>4:9:!
C4A;6! 13! D0464R3! 61! C93! B019:;! 8=90:10@96! 9,! B;3!,9!3;0>97454:9:!6;K01!,9!>971049F!;!13!6=!
437104;0! :1! ,96! BT0B1,16F! D10;! 3;! C93! 7134:;! :1I1B7;! 61! D0;B1:10T! D;0! ,9! 5@9! ,189,!
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:;>4B4,4904;! 3;! 16! 6=I4B41371F! ?9! Y=1! ,96! >=A1016! Y=1!
6193!K131I4B490496!:1!,96!9,7103974596!9!,9!D0464R3!:1K13! :46D=167;! D;0! 1,! -R:48;! :1! ,;6! Q4X;6! ?!
B;3790! B;3! 1,! D10>46;! 16D1B49,! D909! 709K9A90! I=109! :1! L:;,16B13716!Mc9381,43BkV!`#!F!%$(&N#!!
6=!C;890F!?9!Y=1F!64!3;!D=1:13!9713:10!,96!31B164:9:16!
:1! 6=6! C4A;6F! 1,! K131I4B4;! D=1:1! 71310! 4>D9B7;6!
64>4,9016!9!,9!BT0B1,F!;!8131090!=39!0143B4:13B49#!
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.3! %082835F! 01B41371>1371F! 13! 1,! >90B;! :1! >=A1016! 1>K909U9:96! ?! B;3! D106;396!
,9! :46B=64R3! 9B10B9! :1,! 7096,9:;! :1! ,96! :1D13:413716! 9! B908;F! 1,! 13B90B1,9>4137;!
01B,=696! B;3! C4A;6! D1Y=1X;6! 9,;A9:96! 13! .,! :1K10@9! 610! 1,! 2,74>;! 01B=06;F! 43B,=6;F!
c;,43;! M=39! 436747=B4R3! D1Y=1X9! :167439:9! :1K10@9! 15479061! D;0! B;>D,17;! MJHEL! !"# $%&!
1VB,=6459>1371!9!9,;A90!9!>9:016!?!6=6!C4A;6! %$(&N#!!
B;3! =39! B9D9B4:9:! D909! "$! 01B,=696! ?! 13! ,9!
B=9,F! 9! :4B41>K01! :1! %$()F! 61! 13B;3709K93! Jvenes y adolescentes
9,;A9:;6! %*! 34X;6N! ,9! P36747=B4R3! Q9B4;39,! :1!
/101BC;6! j=>93;6! C9! 61X9,9:;! ,;! E96! D;,@74B96! D0;C4K4B4;346796! C93! ,,159:;! 9!
D10A=:4B49,! Y=1! 16! 1679! >1:4:9! D909! ,96! Y=1!>4,16!:1!9:;,16B13716!?!AR51316)g!:1!,96!
>=A1016!?!6=6!C4A;6F!96@!B;>;!,9!31B164:9:!:1! L>S04B96! 6193! D10618=4:;6! ?! 13B90B1,9:;6F!
01B=0040! 9! 6;,=B4;316! 9,7103974596! 9,! 70=3B93:;! 6=6! D0;?1B7;6! :1! 54:9! 1!
13B90B1,9>4137;! D909! >9:016! B;3! C4A;6! 4>D4:413:;! Y=1! D=1:93! 167=:490#! L:1>T6F!
D1Y=1X;6F! 13! ,=890! :1! 618=40! 9=>13793:;! ,96! >46>96! B;3:4B4;316! :1! 04168;! Y=1! 61!
,96! D,9U96! B;3! 1679! I439,4:9:! 13! :16B04K410;3! 13! ,9! D04>109! 61BB4R3F! 79>K4S3!
1679K,1B4>4137;6! 439:1B=9:;6! Mb90:9U93;! d! 1V46713! 13! ,;6! B1370;6! :1! :1713B4R3! D909!
W9,9>93;F!%$(&N#!! >13;016#! .67;6! AR51316! 513! 6=! 69,=:!
5=,3109:9! ?! 6;3! 1VD=167;6! 9! 647=9B4;316! :1!
H70;6! D9@616! 79>K4S3! B;371>D,93! ,=89016! 54;,13B49! ?! =6;! :1! 6=6793B496! 4,@B4796#! /;6!
16D1B49,16! 13! ,96! BT0B1,16! D909! Y=1! ,96! 0968;6! B909B7104U93! ,9! 647=9B4R3! :1! 167;6!
>9:016! 167S3! B;3! 6=6! C4A;6F! 643! 1>K908;F! 9:;,16B13716! ?! AR51316G! (N! ,9! 1V46713B49! :1!
610@9! D01I104K,1! ;D790! D;0! >1:4:96! =39! D10B1DB4R3! 6;B49,! 31897459! ?!
9,7103974596!9!,9!D0464R3!13!,96!Y=1!61!K043:1! :46B04>4397;049! C9B49! 1,,;6! ?! 1,,96F! 9! Y=41316!
9D;?;! 6;B4;1B;3R>4B;! B=93:;! I=109! 61! 16748>974U9! B;364:10T3:;,16! B;>;!
31B16904;F!D=16!13!167;6!6474;6!34!,96!>9:016!
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34! 6=6! C4A;6! 1! C4A96! B=13793! B;3! B;3:4B4;316! 31B164:9:!:1!019,4U90!1,!D98;F!D;0!D9071!:1,!.679:;F!:1!
9:1B=9:96#! .3! 1,! B96;! :1! ,;6! :1,47;6! :1! ,9! eL64839B4R3! =3451069,! D;0! C4A;f! 9! ,96! I9>4,496! B=?;!
D043B4D9,! D0;511:;0! 1B;3R>4B;! 16! ,9! D106;39!
:0;896! 16! :4I@B4,! A=674I4B90! 64Y=4109! 1,! =6;! :1,! 13B90B1,9:9#! .679! 964839B4R3! 16! =3! D98;! >136=9,!
:101BC;! D139,#! O;>93:;! 13! B=1379! ,9! ;7;089:;!9!,;6!34X;6!?!,96!34X96!Y=1!6;3!B4=:9:93;6!:1!
80951:9:! :1! ,;6! B;67;6! Y=1! 813109! 1,! L08137439F! ?! B=?96! >9:016! ?! D9:016! 3;! 709K9A93! 13! ,9!
1B;3;>@9!I;0>9,[!%N!13!.679:;6!^34:;6F!13!1,!.679:;!:1!
13B90B1,9>4137;F! ,;6! .679:;6! :1K13! Q=159! ;0kF! `=674B1j;>1! 16! =3! D0;809>9! D0;D4B49:;!
43B;0D;090! ?! D0;>;510! ,9! 9:;DB4R3! :1! D;0! ,9! L6;B49B4R3! :1! \0464;316! :1! c=A1016! MJ;>13q6!
\046;3! L66;B4974;3F! J\LN! B;>;! =39! 9,710397459!
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43I09B7;096!:1!,9!,1?!,9!B=67;:49!:1!6=6!C4A;6F! B;>D0;>174:96!B;3!C9B10!B9>K4;6!13!6=!54:9#!L!7095S6!
K9A;! B;3:4B4;316! 13! ,96! Y=1! 61! D0;71A93! ,;6! :1,!D0;809>9F!,96!>=A1016!6;3!61,1BB4;39:96!D909!54540!
13! 6=6! B9696F! B;3! 6=6! C4A;6F! ?! D9074B4D90! 13! :4I1013716!
:101BC;6! :1! 9>K;6)"#! .3! ,;6! B96;6! :1! D0;809>96! :1! 70979>4137;F! 1:=B9B4R3! ?! 1>D,1;F! 13!
,=890! :1! 610! 13B90B1,9:96! 13! ,9! I;0>9! 709:4B4;39,!
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,9! L6;B49B4R3! :1! h9>4,49016! :1! /17134:;6! 13! -T0B1,16! D106;396!Y=1!61!13B=137093!13701!,;6!(%!?!C9679!93716!
h1:109,16! MLB4I9:NF! 74131! B;>;! ;KA1745;! D0;71810! ,;6! :1! B=>D,40! ,;6! ('! 9X;6! :1! 1:9:#! .3713:1>;6! D;0!
:101BC;6! 6;B49,16! :1! ,;6! C4A;6]96! :1! D106;396! AR51316! 9! ,96! D106;396! Y=1! 741313! 13701! ('! ?! ")! 9X;6!
13B90B1,9:96#! .679! ;08934U9B4R3! :1I13:4R! B;3! SV47;! ,9! :1!1:9:!MLBCTF!!%$()N#!!
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CASTIGOS IRRACIONALES 57 "!
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D0;B,4516!9,!:1,47;!?!,9!54;,13B49#!.67;!4>D,4B9! .3! 01,9B4R3! B;3! ,;6! 9:;,16B13716F! ?! :1!
Y=1! ,9! B9089! 01D016459! :1! ,96! D;,@74B96! :1! 9B=10:;! B;3! 1,! HK610597;04;! _184;39,! :1!
:0;896!6=1,93!4>D9B790!6;K01!1679!D;K,9B4R3[! `=674B49!\139,!`=5134,F!,;6!AR51316!D0459:;6!:1!
?!%N!6=!D9074B4D9B4R3!>908439,!;!13!,;6!3451,16! ,9! ,4K1079:! D;0! :1,47;6! :1! :0;896! D9074B4D93!
6=K9,7103;6!:1!,96!01:16!:1!70TI4B;!:1!:0;896! 13!,;6!3451,16!>T6!K9A;6!:1,!70936D;071F!?!6;3!
MLBCTF!%$()F!D#!"N#!!! Y=41316! 61! 435;,=B093! 13! 1,! >4B0;70TI4B;F!
9:1>T6F! 13! =3! 9,7;! D;0B1379A1! 6;3!
.3! A1:1?9;3F! "(#+m! :1! ,96! D106;396! B;36=>4:;016! Y=1! 513:13! :0;896! D909!
9D01C13:4:96!D;0!70TI4B;F!D;071!;!I9K04B9B4R3! 6=6713790! 6=! D0;D4;! B;36=>;F! ?! 6;3! Y=41316!
61! 13B=137093! 13701! ,;6! ('! ?! ,;6! %)! 9X;6! :1! I;0>93! D9071! :1! ,;6! 3451,16! >T6! K9A;6! :1,!
1:9:F! ?! %)#'m! 741313! :1! %&! 9! "g! 9X;6#! /1! 390B;70TI4B;#!W=!=74,4U9B4R3!B;>;!6;D;071!:1,!
9B=10:;! B;3! ,;6! :97;6! ;K7134:;6! D;0! 1,! >10B9:;! :1! :0;896! 16! =39! 713:13B49!
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B;,;>K49396! D;0! :1,47;6! :1! :0;896! 741313! W=K0184;39,! :1! P3I;0>9B4R3! 1! P35167489B4R3!
13701! ('! ?! %+! 9X;6#! .3! T1:;V;3F! 7;>93:;! 6;K01! /0;896F! %$($N#! E9! 647=9B4R3! 61! 980959!
B;>;! >=16709! ,9! BT0B1,! :1! \9,>96;,9! 13! 1,! D;0! ,9! 43B9D9B4:9:! :1,! 1679:;! :1!
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(&! 9! %(! 9X;6F! ,;6! :1,47;6! :1! :0;896! 6;3! ,9! :1K4109! 71310! =39! I=3B4R3!
710B109!B9=69!:1!13B90B1,9>4137;#!.3!T034;:F! I=3:9>1379,>1371! 1:=B97459#! W43! 1>K908;F!
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:1,47;6! :1! :0;896! 13! ;70;6! D9@616#! .3! =693! ,96! ,,9>9:96! p>=,96q! ;! pB;001;6!
A1:1?9;3F! D;0! 1A1>D,;F! 61! 1674>9! Y=1! C=>93;6q#!_1D;0716!;I4B49,16!:4B13!Y=1!B9:9!
9,01:1:;0! :1! (gF%$$! B;,;>K493;6! ?! >16!7016!D106;396!6;3!6;0D013:4:96!13!-C439!
B;,;>K49396! 167T3! :17134:;6! 13! :4I1013716! B;3!:0;89F!?!,9!>9?;0@9!6;3!:1,!.A1!-9I1710;!
BT0B1,16! :1,! >=3:;F! (%'! :1! 1,,;6! 13! B9:139! ?! 1,! o9,,1f! M.,! O41>D;F! %$()N#! c=BC96! :1!
D10D17=9! ;! ()! B;3:139:;6! 9! D139! :1! 16796! D106;396! 9I40>93! C9K10! 64:;! D=16796!
>=1071#!W1823!1,!:4904;!.,!O41>D;G!e,96!01:16!! B;>;!!eB9039:96f!!D;0!!!,;6!!!709I4B93716!!!D909!!
!
CASTIGOS 61 "!
!
!
!
:4670910! ,9! 9713B4R3! ?! ,;8090! Y=1! ;7096! ,96! B=9,16! 61! ,16! C9! 13B;3709:;! 513:413:;!
D106;396!,,18=13!B;3!,9!:0;89!9!6=6!:16743;6! D1Y=1X96! B9374:9:16! :1! 167=D1I9B413716!
I439,16#! M-;0:9F!%$(&N#!/1!9B=10:;!B;3!,9!\0;B=09B4R3!
\134713B49049! :1! ,9! Q9B4R3! M%$(&F! D#! ($NF! :1!
Otras poblaciones %*! >=A1016! 70936! 01B,=4:96! 13! BT0B1,16!
!
I1:109,16F! (+! 167T3! :17134:96! D;0! :1,47;6! :1!

E96! 435167489B4;316! :1,! -.//! 13! B9:9! D9@6! :0;896F! ,;! Y=1! 01D0161379! *$m! :1! 16796!
D=6410;3! :1! 01,4151! ,9! 019,4:9:! D;0! ,9! Y=1! D106;396!:17134:96#!!
D9693! ;7096! D;K,9B4;316! D0459:96! :1! ,9!
,4K1079:! D;0! :1,47;6! :1! :0;896F! ,96! B=9,16! .3! ,;6! D9@616! D0;:=B7;016F! B;>;! G60HO!
6=I013! 647=9B4;316! :1! 5=,3109K4,4:9:! ?! T1:;V;3O! &EX;71! 5! A1:1?9;3O! ,96! D;K,9B4;316!
:46B04>439B4R3! 13! ,;6! 64671>96! D134713Z 0=09,16F! 43:@81396F! 9I0;6! ?! B9>D1643;6! C93!
B4904;6#!!! 64:;! 709:4B4;39,>1371! B04>439,4U9:96! D;0!
543B=,9061F! B;>;! =39! I;0>9! :1!
^3! B;,1B745;! Y=1! >101B1! 610! 939,4U9:;! 6;K0154513B49F! 9,! B=,745;! :1! D,93796! Y=1!
:1370;! :1! ,96! D106;396! Y=1! 167T3! 13! D0464R3! 640513! :1! 436=>;! D909! ,9! D0;:=BB4R3! :1!
D;0! :1,47;6! :1! :0;896! 6;3! ,96! D106;396! 167=D1I9B413716F! B;>;! B;B9F! >904C=939! ?!
709368S310;#! W4! K413! 3;! 016=,793! 3=>10;696F! 9>9D;,9#! .3! -;,;>K49F! 1,! >9?;0! D;0B1379A1!
01D4713! 64>4,9016! ;! D1;016! 647=9B4;316! :1! :1! 437103;6! D;0! 1,! :1,47;! :1! B;361059B4R3! ?!
5=,3109K4,4:9:F! 9! ,;! Y=1! 16! D;64K,1! 6=>90! ,9! I4393B49>4137;! :1! D,9379B4;316! ,;! 741313! ,;6!
:46B04>439B4R3! Y=1! 923! D10:=09! 6;K01! 1671! :1D9079>137;6! :1! L374;Y=49F! Q;071! :1!
B;,1B745;! ?! Y=1! 61! 980959! D;0! 16790! 13! W93793:10! ?! -C;BR! MY=1! 709:4B4;39,>1371!
D0464R3#!W1823!,9!43I;0>9B4R3!:1!,9!DT8439!:1! C93!7134:;!D01613B49!:1!B=,745;6!>937134:;6!
43710317!:1,!W4671>9!\134713B4904;!h1:109,!:1! D;0! D;K,9B4;316! B9>D164396N! ?! ,;6! >9?;016!
D026<);<3F! 9! I1K010;! :1! %$()F! C9K@9! %)! @3:4B16! :1! B9D7=096! D;0! 167;6! :1,47;6! ,;6!
D106;396! 13! ,9! B9718;0@9! eO09368S310;f#! .,! 01D;0793! ,;6! :1D9079>137;6! :1,! W=0! :1!
1Y=4D;! :1! 8S310;! ?! :451064:9:! 61V=9,! :1! ,9! -;,;>K49! M^D04>3?! !"# $%&! %$(&9N#! E9!
\0;B=09B4R3! \134713B49049! :1! ,9! Q9B4R3! D1061B=B4R3! D139,F! 6=>9:9! 9! 16709718496!
43I;0>R! Y=1! 13! =3;! :1! ,;6! 1679K,1B4>4137;6! B;>;! ,9! 96D1064R3! 9S019F! C9! 813109:;! =3!
D134713B4904;6! :1,! W\h! C9K@9! 64171! D106;396! 961:4;! D10>931371! 6;K01! 16796! D;K,9B4;316!
70936F!?!Y=1!6146!:1!1,,96!1679K93!D;0!:1,47;6! ?! 647=9B4;316! :1! :16B;3I493U9! 13! 1,! .679:;F!
B;3709! ,9! ,1?! :1! :0;896#! .3! %$(%F! L08137439! Y=1! D;:0@93! 610! 15479:96! K9A;! ;70;! 74D;! :1!
693B4;3R! ,9! E1?! :1! P:1374:9:! :1! aS310;! MQ! 9D0;V4>9B4;316F! K969:96! 13! =3! 13I;Y=1! :1!
%&#*g"NF! ,;! Y=1! 64834I4BR! =3! 9593B1! 13! 1,! :16900;,,;! 0=09,! 4371809,! Y=1! 01:=UB9! ,96!
01B;3;B4>4137;! :1! ,;6! :101BC;6! :1! :467437;6! 5=,3109K4,4:9:16! Y=1! 13I013793! MP3:1D9UF!
B;,1B745;6#! \161! 9! 1671! 9593B1F! 13! B4107;6! %$()[!c936I41,:F!%$(&N#!
>1:4;6!:1!B;>=34B9B4R3!61!6=1,1!01D0;:=B40!
1,! B;3B1D7;! e390B;70951674f#! E96! 3;74B496! :1!
D01369! >=167093! Y=1! 13! ,9! >9?;0@9! :1! ,;6!
!
B96;6! 01846709:;6! 79,! B9718;0@9! 61! 9704K=?1! 9!
>=A1016!70936!Y=1!1A10B@93!709K9A;!61V=9,F!?!9! !
!
!
CCO
!
!
P!!161! 9! Y=1! ,9! 0184R3! ,9743;9>104B939! C9!
ON
647=9B4R3F! ?9! Y=1! 6;3! ,;6! :1,43B=13716!
,4:109:;!1,!:1K971!:1!01I;0>96!9!,96!D;,@74B96! >13;016! ,;6! Y=1! D043B4D9,>1371! 6;3!
N C L U S II O
:1! :0;896! 9! 3451,! 8,;K9,F! ?! C9! D0;>;54:;! ,9! B9D7=09:;6!13!I,98093B49!?!Y=41316!01B4K13!1,!
31B164:9:! :1! B;364:1090! 9,7103974596! 9,! D16;! :1,! 64671>9! D139,#! .3! 1,! B96;! :1! ,;6!
13B90B1,9>4137;! 13! >971049! :1! :0;896F! 1,! :1,47;6! :1! :0;896F! ,;6! 167=:4;6! :1,! -.//!
=6;! :1,! :101BC;! D139,! ?! :1! ,96! 693B4;316! >=167093! Y=1! ,;6! =6=904;6! 6;3!
D045974596! :1! ,9! ,4K1079:! 61! C93! 1V9B10K9:;! I01B=1371>1371! :17134:;6F! 1V7;064;39:;6! 1!
13! ,;6! 2,74>;6! 9X;6#! .V4671! 96@! =39! 43B,=6;! 13B90B1,9:;6! B;>;! >4B0;!
4>D;079371! K01BC9! 13701! 1,! :46B=06;! :1! 513:1:;016! ;! >13=:46796! D;0! D;0790!
01I;0>9! D;0! D9071! :1! ,;6! .679:;6! ?! ,;6! B9374:9:16! :1! :0;896! D;0! 13B4>9! :1! ,96!
ONNEESS YY R E
437137;6! :1! 9593U90! 13! 016D=16796! >13;6! 7;,109:96#! .,,;! >=16709! Y=1! 1,! :46B=06;! :1!
01D0164596F!B;3!=3!13I;Y=1!:1!69,=:!D2K,4B9F! D0;71BB4R3! 9! ,9! 69,=:! :1! ,;6! =6=904;6! 61!
:101BC;6! C=>93;6! ?! :1! :16900;,,;! C=>93;! Y=1:9!13!1,!D9D1,F!>4137096!Y=1!,96!D;,@74B96!
Y=1F! 69,5;! B;379:96! 1VB1DB4;316F! C93! 64:;! :1! :0;896! D=16796! 13! D0TB74B9! B;3743293!
100T74B;6#! .3! 9,8=3;6! D9@616F! B;>;! .B=9:;0F! 13I013793:;! 1,! D0;K,1>9! :1! =6;! :1! :0;896!
167;6!16I=10U;6F!43B,=6;F!61!C93!0151074:;#! 4,@B4796!:16:1!1,!:101BC;!D139,#!!
.3! ,9! >9?;0@9! :1! ,;6! D9@616! :1! ,9! 0184R3F! 1,! E9! 6;K01! D139,4U9B4R3! D909! B0@>1316!
9=>137;! D;0B137=9,! :1! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! 01,9B4;39:;6!B;3!:0;896!3;!C9!7134:;!343823!
13B90B1,9:9! D;0! :1,47;6! :1! :0;896! C9! 64:;! 4>D9B7;! 13! ,9! 01:=BB4R3! :1! ,9! D0;:=BB4R3F!
>=BC;! >9?;0! Y=1! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! 813109,! 70TI4B;! ;! =6;! :1! :0;896! B;364:109:96!4,@B4796#!
EC
13B90B1,9:9! D;0! ;70;6! :1,47;6F! ?! ,;6! :97;6! L,! B;370904;F! Y=41316! 6;3! 13549:;6! 9! D0464R3!
>=167093! Y=1! 16796! 713:13B496! B;3743293! 9! 6=1,13!610!,;6!9B7;016!>13;016!:1,!70TI4B;!:1!
CO
,9! 9,U9#! L:1>T6F! 13! 5904;6! :1! ,;6! D9@616! :0;896F!I=384K,16!?!96;B49:;6!9!1B;3;>@96!:1!
OM
167=:49:;6! 1,! 13B90B1,9>4137;! D;0! 167;6! 6=K646713B49! =! ;7096! B;3:4B4;316! :1!
:1,47;6! 16! 1,! D043B4D9,! I9B7;0! Y=1! 1VD,4B9! 1,! 5=,3109K4,4:9:#! O9>D;B;! C9! B;3704K=4:;! 9!
MEENNDDAACCI O
B01B4>4137;!:1!,9!D;K,9B4R3!B90B1,9049#!! >1A;090! ,9! 69,=:! D2K,4B9! ;! 43:454:=9,#! E96!
BT0B1,16! 13! L>S04B9! E97439! 6;3! ,=89016!
E96! 79696! :1! 13B90B1,9>4137;! 13! L>S04B9! :;3:1! 1V4671! 6;K01D;K,9B4R3F! 16B9616! :1!
E97439! 61! 13B=137093! D;0! 13B4>9! :1,! 01B=06;6! ?! B;3:4B4;316! 1V701>96! :1!
D0;>1:4;! >=3:49,#! E9! 43I;0>9B4R3! 54;,13B49#! E9! I9,79! :1! C484131F! :1! 98=9!
D0161379:9!13!1671!43I;0>1!>=16709!I9B7;016! D;79K,1F! 1361016! KT64B;6! ?! 16D9B4;6!
B,9516! Y=1! 1VD,4B93! 1679! 647=9B4R3G! D1396! 6=I4B413716!B;3704K=?13!9!Y=1!1V4679!=39!9,79!
:16D0;D;0B4;39:9>1371! 9,796F! 1,! =6;! :1! D0159,13B49! :1! 13I10>1:9:16! B;37984;696!
613713B496! >@34>96! ;K,4897;0496F! 1,! =6;!
Y=1!D;313!13!04168;!,9!69,=:!:1!,;6!437103;6F!
;K,4897;04;! :1! ,9! D0464R3! D015137459! D909! :1! 6=6! I9>4,49016! ?! :1! ,;6! 1>D,19:;6! :1! ,;6!
I ON N
167;6!:1,47;6!;!6=!6;K01=6;F!,9!I9,79!:1!=6;!:1! B1370;6! :1! 01B,=64R3#! .,! =6;! :1! ,96! BT0B1,16!

9,7103974596! 9,! 13B90B1,9>4137;F! 13701! ;70;6#! D909!9713:10!1,!D0;K,1>9!:1!,96!:0;896F!,1A;6!
W4!K413F!L>S04B9!E97439!16!=39!:1!,96!0184;316! :1!D0;71810!,9!69,=:F!,9!5=,3109#!/46>43=40!1,!
EE
>T6! 54;,13796! :1,! >=3:;F! 1,! 9=>137;! 13! 1,! =6;! M;! 9K=6;N! :1! 1679! C1009>41379! D139,!
SS
=6;! :1! BT0B1,16! 3;! D901B1! 016D;3:10! 9! 1679! 9?=:90@9! 9! >1A;090! ,96! B;3:4B4;316!
!
"#$%&#'!!
CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES 63 "!
!
!
!
B90B1,90496F! 9,! ,4K1090! ,;6! 01B=06;6! Y=1! -;3! 016D1B7;! 9! ,;6],96! AR51316! ?! ,;6],96!
1V46713#! 9:;,16B13716!435;,=B09:;6!13!:0;896F!D161!9!
Y=1! 6;3! D0;B169:;6! 13! 64671>96! D139,16!
E9! 16748>974U9B4R3! ?! ,9! BT0B1,! 9I1B793! :1!
:4I1013716F! 6=1,13! 71310! B909B710@674B96! ?!
I;0>9! :4674379! 9! ,96! D106;396! 01B,=4:96! D;0!
D0;K,1>96! B;>=316! 9,! 64671>9! :1! 9:=,7;6#!
:1,47;6!:1!:0;896!?!9!6=6!I9>4,496F!:1!9B=10:;! ^39! :1! 1,,96! 16! Y=1! 34! 9:;,16B13716! 34!
9!B047104;6!B;>;!1,!61V;F!,9!4:1374:9:!61V=9,F!
AR51316! 6=1,13! D107131B10! 9! ,;6! 3451,16! :1!
,9! B;3:4B4R3! S734B9! ?! ,9! 647=9B4R3!
,4:109U8;!:1!,96!>9I496!390B;709I4B93716F!643;!
6;B4;1B;3R>4B9#! E9! BT0B1,F! D;0! 1A1>D,;F! 610! D9071! :1! ,;6! 16,9K;316! >T6! :SK4,16! ?!
74131! 4>D9B7;6! :4I1013B49,16! ?! :16D0;Z
011>D,9U9K,16! :1,! 318;B4;#! W43! 1>K908;F! 9!
D;0B4;39:;6! 6;K01! ,96! >=A1016#! L=3Y=1! 1,!
D1690! :1! 169! D9074B4D9B4R3! >13;0! 61!
32>10;! 7;79,! :1! >=A1016! 13! ,96! BT0B1,16! 16! 13B=137093! 13701! ,;6! 80=D;6! Y=1! >T6!
>=?! 43I104;0! 9! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! >96B=,439F! ,;6!
D9:1B13!,;6!4>D9B7;6!:1!,9!B9089!D=347459!:1!
3451,16! :1! 13B90B1,9>4137;! :1! ,96! >=A1016!
,96!D;,@74B96!:1!:0;896#!O9>K4S3!61!;K61059!,9!
D;0!:1,47;6!:1!:0;896!167T3!9=>13793:;!9!=3! 9=613B49! :1,! .679:;! 13! >971049! D015137459! ?!
047>;!9,90>9371!?F!813109,>1371F!;B=D93!,;6!
,9! I9,79! :1! D;64K4,4:9:16! :1! 9BB16;! 9!
0938;6! >T6! K9A;6! :1! ,9! B9:139! :1,! 318;B4;!
70979>4137;! ?! 01C9K4,479B4R3! :1,! =6;! :1!
:1! ,96! :0;896#! E9! 8093! >9?;0@9! :1! 16796! :0;896!D909!9Y=1,,;6!AR51316!?!9:;,16B13716!
>=A1016! 741313! D;B9! 1:=B9B4R3! ?! 54513! 13!
Y=1F! :1K4:;! 9,! B;36=>;! 018=,90F! 61!
B;3:4B4;316!:1!D;K01U9[!>=BC96!6;3!>9:016!
>93741313!13!1,!B@0B=,;!:1,4B745;#!
6;,71096#! .,! 13B90B1,9>4137;! :1! >=A1016! !
>9:016! ?! B=4:9:;096! 13! D9074B=,90F! D=1:1!
.3! B;3B,=64R3F! 13! 7;:;6! ,;6! D9@616!
71310! B;361B=13B496! :159679:;096! D909! 6=6!
167=:49:;6F! ,96! 435167489B4;316! :1,! -.//!
I9>4,496#! \;0! ;709! D9071F! ,96! :46B04>439B4;316! >=167093! =3! 8093! 32>10;! :1! D106;396!
Y=1!6=I013!D106;396!D107131B413716!9!80=D;6!
13B90B1,9:96! D;0! :1,47;6! :1! :0;896! >13;016!
D;K,9B4;39,16! 709:4B4;39,>1371! >908439:;6! ?! 3;! 54;,137;6F! Y=41316! 3;! :1K10@93! 16790!
D;0! I=109! :1! ,9! D0464R3F! 6=1,13! 7096,9:9061! ?!
D0459:;6!:1!6=!,4K1079:#!E9!BT0B1,!:1K10@9!610!
1V9B10K9061!:1370;!:1!1,,9#!!
=3! 01B=06;! :1! .%")2$# 1$")7[! 643! 1>K908;F!
E96! >=A1016! 1V7093A1096F! Y=1! 9! >13=:;! 6;3! 9C;09!,9!BT0B1,!16!,9!D043B4D9,!C1009>41379!13!
D0459:96! :1! 6=! ,4K1079:! D;0! 610! eB;001;6! 1,! B;370;,! :1! :0;896! 13! ,96! 39B4;316! :1!
C=>93;6fF! D=16! ,,1593! :0;896! D909! ;709! L>S04B9#!!
D106;39! ;! =39! 01:! B04>439,F! 13I013793! =39!
.6! 31B16904;! 09B4;39,4U90! 1,! =6;! :1,! :101BC;!
647=9B4R3! D9074B=,90>1371! 80951! :1K4:;! 9! ,9! D139,!?!:1!,9!BT0B1,!13!1,!>90B;!:1!,9!D;,@74B9!
:4I4B=,79:! B;3! 1,! 4:4;>9! ?! D909! >9371310!
:1!:0;896#!\;0!79,!09UR3F!13!,;!01I101371!9!,96!
B;379B7;! B;3! 6=6! I9>4,496F! ?! 71310! 9BB16;! 9!
B;3:=B796! 01,9B4;39:96! B;3! 1,! B;36=>;! :1!
=39!:1I1369!D139,!1I1B7459#!.3!,;6!D9@616!Y=1! :0;896F!B;364:109>;6!D04;047904;!?!31B16904;F!
,;! D10>4713F! ,;6! 70T>4716! :1! 01D97049B4R3!
13! ,@319! B;3! ;7096! 5;B16! 13! 1,! :1K971F!
6=1,13!610!,137;6!?!138;00;6;6#!
6=6747=40! ,9! 016D=1679! D139,! D;0! =3! 13I;Y=1!
>T6!9>D,4;!:1!:16900;,,;!C=>93;!?!:1!69,=:!
D2K,4B9F!!Y=1!D10>479!9593U90!C9B49!016D=16Z
!
64 "#$%&#'!! CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES "!
!
!
!
796! >T6! C=>9396! ?! 1I1B74596! I01371! 9! ,9!
B01B41371!543B=,9B4R3!:1!,96!D106;396!B;3!,;6!
>10B9:;6! 4,189,16! :1! :0;896#! .3! D9074B=,90F!
B;364:109>;6! 43:46D1369K,1! Y=1! 61! 019,4B1!
=39!:16D139,4U9B4R3!1I1B7459!:1,!B;36=>;!:1!
6=6793B496! 4,@B4796#! .,,;! 4>D,4B9F! 3;! 6R,;!
8909374U90!1,!9BB16;!9!,96!:0;896!Y=1!C;?!6;3!
B;364:109:96! 4,189,16! <:1! >;:;! Y=1! 61!
01:=UB93! ,;6! :9X;6! Y=1! D=1:1! B9=690! 7937;!
1,! 9K=6;! :1! :0;896! B;>;! ,96! D;,@74B96! Comunicaciones, Gendarmera de Chile.
54813716<F! 643;! 79>K4S3! ,9! :16D139,4U9B4R3!
:1! ,9! D;6164R3! D909! B;36=>;#! h01371! 9! ,;6!
1I1B7;6! :9X43;6! Y=1! ;B964;39! 1,! =6;! :1,! Recomendaciones
:101BC;! D139,! ?! ,96! BT0B1,16F! ,9!
Reformas Legales:
:16D139,4U9B4R3! 1I1B7459! :1,! B;36=>;! ?! :1!
,;6! B;36=>4:;016! 16! ,9! ;DB4R3! >T6! S74B9#! LA=6790! ,9! 01D=1679! D139,! D909! Y=1! 619!
L:1>T6F! 1,,;! 9?=:90@9! 9! 016;,510! ,9! B04646! :1! D0;D;0B4;39,! 9,! :9X;! ;B964;39:;! ?! 01I;0>90!
6;K01D;K,9B4R3! M?! ;70;6! D0;K,1>96! ,96! ,1?16! :1! :0;896! D909! :467438=40! 13701!
:10459:;6N! Y=1! 9709541693! ,;6! 64671>96! :1,47;6! :1! >13;0F! >1:49! ?! 9,79! 16B9,9[! 13701!
D134713B4904;6!13!L>S04B9#!! 3451,16!:1!,4:109U8;!13!,96!01:16!B04>439,16F!?!
13701!:1,47;6!54;,137;6!?!3;!54;,137;6#!
.671! :;B=>137;! 61X9,9! <B;3! :97;6<! ,9! B04646!
D134713B49049! 1V4671371! 13! L>S04B9! E97439! ?! W=D04>40! ,96! D1396! >@34>96! ;K,4897;0496F!
,;6!1I1B7;6!9:5106;6!Y=1!,96!9B7=9,16!,1?16!:1! 154790! ,9! :1713B4R3! D015137459! 13! 1,! B96;! :1!
:0;896! C93! 7134:;! 6;K01! ,9! 647=9B4R3! :1,47;6! :1! :0;896! >13;016! ?! D10>4740! 1,!
D134713B49049! 39B4;39,#! .,! :;B=>137;! 9BB16;! 9! ,;6! K131I4B4;6! D0;B169,16F! 96@! B;>;!
>=16709F! 9:1>T6F! Y=1! ,9! 9D,4B9B4R3! :1! ,9! 9!,96!;D;07=34:9:16!:1!D1396!9,7103974596#!!
D;,@74B9! :1! :0;896! <?! 6=6! 1I1B7;6! 3189745;6<
3;! 6;3! 01D9074:;6! :1! 48=9,! I;0>9! 13! ,9! -;364:1090! ,9! 9D,4B9B4R3! :1! 9>3467@96!
6;B41:9:F! 643;! Y=1! D10A=:4B93! 9! B4107;6! 16D1B49,16! M43:=,7;6NF! D909! ,96! D106;396!
61B7;016! Y=1! ?9! 61! 13B;3709K93! 13! =39! 613713B49:96!D;0!:1,47;6!>13;016!:1!:0;896F!
647=9B4R3!:1!5=,3109K4,4:9:!6;B49,#!!L371! 1679! D;0! :1,47;6! 3;! 54;,137;6F! 96@! B;>;! D909!
019,4:9:F! ?! 7;>93:;! 13! B=1379! 1,! 709K9A;! :1! D106;396! 643! 9371B1:13716! D139,16! ;!
,;6! 43I;0>16! 43:454:=9,16! :1,! -.//F! 61! 613713B49:96!6;,9>1371!D;0!:1,47;6!>13;016!
D0;D;313!,96!648=413716!01B;>13:9B4;316!:1! :1!:0;896#!
D;,@74B9! D2K,4B9F! ,96! B=9,16! 741313! D;0! ;KA17;!
\0;>;510! 1,! 1679K,1B4>4137;! :1! >10B9:;6!
,;8090! =39! D;,@74B9! :1! :0;896! >T6! A=679F!
,189,16! ?! 018=,9:;6! :1! B9339K46F! 43B,=?13:;!
016D17=;69!:1!,;6!:101BC;6!I=3:9>1379,16!?!
B,=K16! :1! B9339K46F! ?! 1VD,;090! ;DB4;316! :1!
13I;B9:9! 9! D0;71810! ,9! 69,=:! D2K,4B9! :1! ,96!
9BB16;! 018=,9:;! D909! ;7096! 6=6793B496!
6;B41:9:16!,9743;9>104B9396#!
:1B,909:96!4,@B4796#!!
!
"#$%&#'!!
CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES "!
65
!
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!
Uso de drogas y la ley: D0;D;0B4;39,4:9:! ;! D;0! ,9! 9:;DB4R3! :1!
9,7103974596! :4I1013716! 9,! 13B90B1,9>4137;F!
/16B04>439,4U90! 1,! B;36=>;! :1! :0;896! ?! 7937;! 13! 6=6747=B4R3! :1,! =6;! :1! ,9! D0464R3!
:171310!7;:9!B,961!:1!D1061B=B4R3!B;3709!,;6! D015137459F! B;>;! 13! 1,! B=>D,4>4137;! :1! ,96!
B;36=>4:;016F! 43B,=?13:;! ,9! D;6164R3F! 613713B496#!
641>K09F! B=,745;! ?! B;>D09#! .6! :1B40F! 61!
01B;>413:9! 69B90! :1,! :101BC;! D139,! 7;:96! Q;! 13B90B1,90! 9! ,96! >=A1016! 1>K909U9:96! ?!
,96!B;3:=B796!31B1690496!D909!,,1590!9!B9K;!1,! >9:016!:1!>13;016!:1!1:9:!B;3:139:96!D;0!
B;36=>;F! 96@! B;>;! :1A90! :1! =690! 9! ,;6! :1,47;6!:1!:0;896!3;!54;,137;6#!.3!1,!B96;!:1!
B=10D;6! :1! D;,4B@96! M=! ;7096! 436793B496! 16796! >=A1016F! :1K1! B;364:109061! ,9!
618=04:9:N! B;>;! D04>1096! 436747=B4;316! :1! 9D,4B9B4R3! :1! 9,7103974596! 9,! 13B90B1,9Z
9B10B9>4137;!9!,;6!B;36=>4:;016#!! >4137;#!
^690!=>K09,16!D909!I4A90!B9374:9:16!>@34>96F! L618=090! Y=1! ,;6! ;D109:;016! :1! A=674B49!

K969:96! 13! 9713B4R3! 9! ,96! D0TB74B96! :1! ,;6! 713893! ,9! I,1V4K4,4:9:! :1! 7;>90! 13! B=1379F!
B;36=>4:;016F!D;0!:1K9A;!:1!,96!B=9,16!3;!61! :=09371! 1,! D0;B16;! ?! :1710>439B4R3! :1! ,9!
D=1:9! 1679K,1B10! 9B7454:9:! :1! B;>10B4;F! 613713B49F! ,;6! I9B7;016! :1! 5=,3109K4,4:9:! ?! 64!
D10;! 643! D10>4740! Y=1! D;0! 13B4>9! :1! :4BC96! ,9!9B=69:9!74131!:1D13:413716#!!
B9374:9:16! ,96! D106;396! D=1:93! 610!
693B4;39:96! D;0! :46704K=B4R3! ?! 70TI4B;#! .3!
Jvenes y adolescentes:
7;:;6!,;6!B96;6F!1,!.679:;!:1K1!D0;K90!Y=1!,9! P>D,1>13790! D;,@74B96! D2K,4B96! 4371809,16!
43713B4R3! :1! ,9! D;6164R3! 16! ,9! 51379! ;! :40484:96!9!,;6!?!,96!AR51316!?!9:;,16B13716F!?!
:46704K=B4R3! B;>;! B;3:4B4R3! D909! 693B4;390! 9593U90! C9B49! =3! B9>K4;! :1,! 9B7=9,! 13I;Y=1!
:4BC9!B;3:=B79#!! 16748>974U9:;0! ?! :1! B04>439,4U9B4R3! Y=1!
1V4671!6;K01!1,,;6#!
HI01B10!61054B4;6!:1!70979>4137;!5;,=37904;!?!
8097=47;! 9! ,96! D106;396! Y=1! D01613793! =6;! !
LD,4B90F! 13! ,;6! B96;6! :1! AR51316F! ,;6!
D0;K,1>T74B;! :1! :0;896F! 7937;! B=93:;!
K131I4B4;6! ?! ,96! 9,7103974596! Y=1! ,96! ,1?16! :1!
B;>1713!;70;6!:1,47;6!B;>;!B=93:;!3;#!.671!
70979>4137;! 3;! :1K1! 16790! 6=A17;! 9! ,9! 1A1B=B4R3!:1!D1396F!:1!,;6!:4I1013716!D9@616F!
1679K,1B13!D909!169!I093A9!179049#!
9>139U9!:1!=39!693B4R3!D139,!;!4371039B4R3!
!
B;>D=,6459#! /4BC;6! 70979>4137;6! :1K13!
6=671379061! 13! 154:13B49! B4137@I4B9F! B;3! =3! -=>D,40! B;3! ,96! ,1?16! Y=1! 1679K,1B13! ,;6!
64671>96!:1!`=674B49!\139,!D909!L:;,16B13716F!
13I;Y=1!:1!01:=BB4R3!:1!:9X;6F!?!:1K13!610!
,;6! B=9,16! 018=,93! ,9! 016D=1679! 167979,! D909!
,,159:;6!D;0!D0;I164;39,16!:1!,9!69,=:F!3;!D;0!
A=1B16!D139,16#!! :1,47;6! B;>174:;6! D;0! D106;396! >13;016! :1!
('!9X;6F!?!Y=1!1679K,1B13!Y=1!,9!D0459B4R3!:1!
Mujeres y encarcelamiento: ,9!,4K1079:!:1!,;6!9:;,16B13716!:1K1!610!6R,;!
=39! 1VB1DB4R3[! 9:1>T6F! 61! :1K1! B;364:1090!
_1:=B40! 64834I4B97459>1371! ,;6! 3451,16! :1! Y=1!,96!>1A;016!693B4;316!13!167;6!B96;6!6;3!
13B90B1,9>4137;! :1! >=A1016F! ?9! 619! D;0! 9Y=1,,96! Y=1! 3;! 4>D,4B93! 13B4100;F! 79,16!
>1:4;! :1! ,9! 9D,4B9B4R3! :1,! D043B4D4;! :1! B;>;! ,9! ,4K1079:! 964674:9! ;! ,9! D01679B4R3! :1!
!
66 "#$%&#'!! CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES "!
!
!
!
61054B4;6! 9! ,9! B;>=34:9:F! 96@! B;>;! ,;6! \0;>;510! ,96! 01I;0>96! 31B1690496! D909!
:45106;6! 01B=06;6! Y=1! ,96! ,1?16! 1679K,1B13! D10>4740! Y=1! ;I136;016! :1! :1,47;6! >13;016!
D909!016;,510!,;6!B96;6!I=109!:1!,9!5@9!A=:4B49,F! :1!:0;896!3;!54;,137;6!6193!:10459:;6!9!=39!
?! 9! 7095S6! :1! ,9! A=674B49! 01679=097459#! 01:! D2K,4B9! :1! 9D;?;! D909! D0151340!
L64>46>;F! :1K13! 9B;079061! ,96! D1396! 4371809,>1371! ,9! 0143B4:13B49F! 13! 51U! :1! 610!
>TV4>96! D909! :1,47;6! B;>174:;6! D;0! 13549:;6! 9! D0464R3F! 9713:413:;! 96@! ,;6!
>13;016! :1! 1:9:F! ?! :1! 1679! >93109! 3;! I9B7;016! 6;B4;1B;3R>4B;6! Y=1! ,,1590;3! 9! ,9!
1VB1:10! ,;6! 1679K,1B4:;6! 13! 43670=>137;6! B;>464R3!:1!16796!B;3:=B796#!!
4371039B4;39,16#!
! Elaboracin y Evaluacin de
/;790! :1! 01B=06;6! 6=I4B413716! 9! ,;6! 64671>96! Polticas de Drogas:
:1!`=674B49!\139,!D909!L:;,16B13716F!9!I43!:1!
a909374U90! ?! 9>D,490! ,9! D9074B4D9B4R3! 13! 1,!
Y=1! I=3B4;313! :1! I;0>9! 16D1B49,4U9:9F! A=679! :461X;F! 4>D,1>1379B4R3! ?! 159,=9B4R3! :1! ,96!
?! 1I4B41371F! 648=413:;! ,;! 1679K,1B4:;! D;0! ,9!
D;,@74B96! :1! :0;896! :1! ,9! 6;B41:9:! B454,! ?F!
-;3513B4R3! 6;K01! ,;6! /101BC;6! :1,! Q4X;! ?!
16D1B49,>1371F! :1! ,;6! ?! ,96! =6=904;6! :1!
;70;6! 167T3:9016! 4371039B4;39,16! 6;K01! ,9! :0;896! 13B90B1,9:96F! :1! ,96! >=A1016F!
>971049#!
D106;396! EabOF! 43:@81396F! 9I0;6! ?! ;70;6!
!
61B7;016! :1! ,9! D;K,9B4R3! Y=1! 167T3! 13!
Alternativas al encarcelamiento: 647=9B4;316!:1!5=,3109K4,4:9:!?!Y=1!C93!64:;!
_19,4U90! ,96! 01I;0>96! 31B1690496! D909! 4>D9B79:;6! :16D0;D;0B4;39,>1371! D;0! ,96!
4>D,1>13790!9,7103974596!9,!13B90B1,9>4137;! D;,@74B96!:1!:0;896#!
B;3! 16704B7;! 9D18;! 9! ,;6! :101BC;6! :1! ,96! E,1590! 9! B9K;! =3! :4983R674B;! 6104;! 13! B9:9!
D106;396! 435;,=B09:96! 13! ,9! B;>464R3! :1! D9@6! Y=1! D10>479! 13713:10! ?! 939,4U90! ,;6!
B;3:=B796! 01,9B4;39:96! B;3! :0;896F! 4>D9B7;6! ?! ,9! 1I4B9B49! :1! ,96! D;,@74B96! :1!
D907413:;!:1!=3!:4983R674B;!9:1B=9:;!6;K01! :0;896! 9B7=9,16F! B;3! 1,! D0;DR647;! :1!
B=T,16! 610@93! ,96! >1:4:96! Y=1! D10>47410;3! :16900;,,90! 1! 4>D,1>13790! D;,@74B96! >T6!
;D74>4U90! ,;6! 01B=06;6! :46D;34K,16! 13! B9:9! C=>9396F!1I4B9B16!?!A=6796#!!
D9@6F! ?! B;3! 1,,;! 01:=B40! 1,! C9B439>4137;!
B90B1,904;F! 96@! B;>;! ,9! 0143B4:13B49! 13! ,9! c1A;090! ?! 9>D,490! ,;6! 64671>96! :1!
B;>464R3!:1!:1,47;6#!! 01B;,1BB4R3F! 64671>974U9B4R3! ?! 159,=9B4R3! :1!
,;6! :97;6! :1! ,9! A=674B49! D139,! ?! 9618=090! Y=1!
L618=090F! 13! ,9! >1:4:9! :1! ,;! D;64K,1F! 1,! ;I4B49,16! :1,! 8;K4103;! ?! 1,! D2K,4B;! 713893!
:165@;! 93716! :1! Y=1! ,;6! B96;6! 137013! 13! 1,! 9BB16;! ;D;07=3;! 9! :4BC9! 43I;0>9B4R3#! .67;!
64671>9! D139,F! ,;! B=9,! D=1:1! D10>4740! =3! 610540T! D909! 9618=090! ,9! 159,=9B4R3! :1! ,9!
>1A;0! =6;! :1! ,;6! 01B=06;6! :1,! .679:;! ?! D;,@74B9! :1! :0;896! ?! 6=6! 1I1B7;6F! D10;!
>9?;016! ;D;07=34:9:16! :1! K41316790! ?! 79>K4S3! D909! ,;8090! :4983R674B;6! 9B1079:;6!
1>D,1;!D909!Y=41316!61!13B=137093!13!16796! 6;K01!1,!D0;K,1>9!Y=1!61!K=6B9!9713:10#!
647=9B4;316#!!
! !
!
"#$%&#'!!
CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES "!
67
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!
BIBLIOGRAFA
LBCTF!_#!c#!M%$(&N#!.,!43:=,7;!?!,;6!:1,47;6!:1! b90:9U93;F!a#!M%$(%N#!W1!D016=>1!B=,D9K,1#!
:0;896G!,;6!016=,79:;6!:1!,9! W;K01!,9!A=674I4B9B4R3!:1!,96!
9D,4B9B4R3!:1,!43:=,7;!13!b;,4549!?!6=! :1B464;316!A=:4B49,16!01,974596!9!,9!
4>D9B7;!6;K01!,96!D106;396! 43710D0179B4R3!:1,!907@B=,;!"(!:1,!
13B90B1,9:96!K9A;!,9!E1?!($$'#! /1B017;!E1?!(g#%+g!13!6=!01:9BB4R3!
cSV4B;!/#hG!-;,1B745;!:1!.67=:4;6! :9:9!D;0!,9!E1?!(*#$(&#!.3!LL#ooF!
/0;896!?!/101BC;#! G-71"!#K,)/!16)"$1)7#$%#L!=$"!#
B$*)7,$%#67=1!#L174$6F!DD#!"+Z&(#!!
LBCTF!_#!c#!M%$()N#!`R51316!?!9:;,16B13716! c;37154:1;G!-WP-Z^/.EL_#!
D0459:;6!:1!,4K1079:!D;0!:0;896!13!
L>S04B9!E97439#!cSV4B;!/#hG! b90017;F!L#!d!c9:09U;F!L#!M%$()N#!E;6!B;67;6!
-;,1B745;!:1!.67=:4;6!/0;896!?! B;36747=B4;39,16!:1!,9!8=1009!B;3709!
/101BC;#! ,96!:0;896G!:;6!167=:4;6!:1!B96;!:1!
,96!70936I;0>9B4;316!:1!,96!
LC90;36;3F!.#!!M%$($N#!\0;Zc43;047?#!
B;>=34:9:16!D;,@74B96!:1!,96!
-04>439,4U974;3!93:!7C1!
L>S04B96#!H67,725$&!Mg"NF!DD#!()(Z
O0936I;0>974;3!;I!o464;36!;I! (+"#!
-474U136C4D!43!-;371>D;090?!E4K109,!
/1>;B09B416G!L!-0474Y=1#!B!C# b9=6693;F!P#F!J4,,49>6F!b#F!Q=33F!\#F!b188497;F!
D1)2),$%#'$C#E!/)!CF#G,# c#F!h1:1,4F!^#!d!WB93;F!h#!M%$($N#!
H,"!1,$")7,$%#$,(#H,"!1()6*)-%),$1I# O=K10B=,;646!43:4:13B1!43!D046;36G!L!
J7.1,$%0F!o;,#("F!DD#!%'&Z"$'#! W?671>974B!_1541v#!M'7N#O9(0!
/46D;34K,1!13G!C77DG]]K47#,?]%CgVCP+!!
L5107#!M%$()N!\046;3106!93:!jPo]LP/W#!
/46D;34K,1!13G! b108>93F!c#F!c9661,;F!/#F!L0496F!-#F!
C77DG]]vvv#95107#;08]D0;I1664;39,6] h;3:154,9F!a#!d!o4,9,79F!-#!M%$(gN#!
C45Z6;B49,Z466=16]k1?Z9II1B71:Z /1,47;F!>908439,4:9:!?!:161>D1X;!
D;D=,974;36]D046;3106I;;73;7101I) 436747=B4;39,!13!,9!L08137439G!
="U;6,0#! 016=,79:;6!:1!,9!13B=1679!:1!D016;6!
B;3:139:;6#!WT13U!\1X9G!
b93B;!c=3:49,#!!M%$(&N#!\;K,9B4R3#!
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2017
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2017

Folleto CIDE Castigos Irracionales v15 FULL

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Folleto CIDE Castigos Irracionales v15 FULL

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Colectivo de Estudios Drogas y Derecho

Informe Regional 2017

Sergio Chaparro | Colombia

! Luis Felipe Cruz | Colombia Pien Metaal | Pases Bajos

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