> EXPERIMENT NO 3 Laws of radiant heat transfer and radiant heat exchange Objective Show that the intensity of radiation measured by the radiometer is directly related to the radiation emitted from a source by the view factor between the radiometer and the source, Determine the emissivity of radiating surfaces with different finishes, namely polished and gray compared with black. Design an experiment to show that the emissivity of radiating surfaces in proximity to each other will affect the surface temperatures and the heat emitted. Theory and Instrumentation (a) View factor experiment The radiation emitted by a black surface (qy) is given by = qu = 6 (Ts'-Ta‘) ‘The rate at which radiation is transferred from surface to radiometer is related the view factor F. Radiation received by the radiometer = Fo (Ts'-Ta*) It can be shown that this view factor F is related to the angle of view and that for a circular surface. In the present set up F is given by sin” 0, where 0 is the half angle of view from the radiometer to the surface. (b) emmissivity ‘The Stephan Boltszman Law states that q = € F o (Ts'-Ta‘) Since for a black surface € = 1, the actual view factor can be determined using the black plate. F = quR. Then for the non black surfaces, € = R/ F o (Ts*-Ta') Procedure Familiarize yourself with the conduction experimental station. (a) View factor experiment* Connect the thermal radiation source (on left of linear radiation unit) to the power supply. © Turn the power control to its 65-70% of the maximum setting. © Place the radiometer 100 from the heat source. © Allow the system to reach steady state and then record the distance and the radiometer reading. * Repeat the procedure in steps of SOmm until the radiometer is 300mm away from the heated plate. * Repeat the procedure for at least one other temperature by decreasing the power supply (b) Emissivity © Connect the thermocouples. + Set the heater voltage to 20Volts. + Allow the system to reach steady state and allow radiometer to stabilise for 90s * Place the black plate and place the radiometer to a position 300mm from the plate. * Note down T10, 19, 17 and Radiometer readings. * The radiometer must be moved away from the heat source and returned to the same position for each reading to avoid heating of the radiometer body * Place the other plates after carefully removing the black plate. * Repeat the above procedure and note down the reading in each case. Tabulations No. | Heater Voltage | Heater current [Radiometer | Radiometer distance reading Radiometer correction factor C = 30.12 ‘The heat source diameter is 100mm, No ]Plates [Temperature [ Temperature | Temperature | Radiometer used ofthe heat | of the of the plate | reading source surroundings Calculations. Data is tabulated under the following headings Heater Voltage V Volts Heater current I Amps ‘Temperature of the heated plate T10 °CTemperature of the surroundings T9°C. Distance from the heated plate to the radiometer x m Radiometer reading W/m* qy = o(Ts*-Ta*) F=sin’0 =F Xap Emissivity calculations as per the procedure described in the theory. Results Estimate the cumulative influence of the experimental errors on the calculated values for 8, qy and qe. Compare the calculated values of q, and the radiometer readings. Compare the results obtained from the emissivity test and explain the differences in terms of the emissivity combinations. Estimate and record the experimental errors for these measurements,