Disaster nursing

1. 1. DISASTER NURSING
2. 2. Disaster is defined as any occurrence that causes damage, economic destruction, loss
of human life, and deterioration in health and health services on a scale sufficient to
warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area. -WHO
3. 3. Ecologic disruption or emergencies resulting in death ,injuries, illness or property
management that cannot be effectively managed by the application of routine procedures
4. 4. How can we classify?? NATURAL MAN MADE DISASTER TECHNOLOGIC
COMPLEX EXTERNAL INTERNAL
5. 5. NATURAL MAJOR Flood Cyclone Drought Earthquake Volcano
Hurricane MINOR Cold wave Thunderstorm Heat waves Mudslides Storm
6. 6. MAN MADE.. MAJOR Setting of fires Epidemic Deforestation Wars
Biochemical terrorism Radiological MINOR Accidents Food poisoning
Industrial disaster Environmental pollution
7. 7. Disaster as a result of war ,draught, diseases, and political unrest resulting
displacement of million s of people from their homes
8. 8. Community infrastructure and economic welfare are directly and adversely affected
by major industrial accidents, unplanned release of nuclear energy, fires or explosion
from hazardous substance
9. 9. Do not affect the hospital infrastructure but do tax hospital resources due to number
of patients or type of injuries
10. 10. Cause disruption of normal hospital function due to injuries or death of hospital
person or damage to physical plant as with a hospital fire power failure or chemical spill.
11. 11. Nature of the event Time of the year or day Health and age characteristics of
population effected Availability of the resources
12. 12. Pre impact Impact Post impact
13. 13. PLANNING PREVENTION
14. 14. Response Emergency management mitigation
15. 15. recovery rehabilita tion reconstr uction evaluation
16. 16. Earthquake and tornadoes: rapid onset & sudden impact on the community
Hurricane & volcanic eruption: sudden impact on the community but there is some
advance warning Bioterrorism : sudden and unanticipated , sudden and prolonged
impact on the community Drought & famine: gradual onset or chronic genesis (so called
creeping "disaster) and prolonged impact
17. 17. Proactive planning efforts designed to structure the disaster response prior to its
occurrence Communication plans Multiagency coordination Emergency services-
emergency shelters with evacuation plans Supplies and equipments
18. 18. Measures taken to remove the harmful effect of disaster Prevention measures
Require significant amount of forethought, planning and implementation
19. 19. Emergency relief such as saving lives, providing first aid, minimizing and restoring
damaged systems such as communications and transportation , providing care and basic
life requirement to victim Organized its activities in sectors- fire, police hazardous
material management and emergency medical services
20. 20. Stabilizing and returning the community to normal Rebuilding, repair, relocate,
rehabilitate, reconstruct
21. 21. Phase that receive least attention To determine the specific problems, issues and
challenges Future disaster plan is based on the evaluation
22. 22. Effective planning addresses the problem caused by a variety of potential events
Agent specific all hazard
23. 23. Challenges Communication problem Triage, transportation & evacuation
Leadership issues Distribution of resources Coordination of search & rescue efforts
Media issues Distribution of patients in an equitable fashion destruction of health
care infrastructure Management of volunteers, donations &large no. of resources
24. 24. Keep a small disaster supplies kit in the trunk of each car Keep items in airtight
plastic bag Replace stored food ,water & batteries every six months Keep emergency
medications
25. 25. Disaster supplies kit Evacuation supplies kit First aid kit
26. 26. Will, insurance policies, contracts Passports, social security cards, immunization
records Credit cards, account numbers Important phone numbers Family records
27. 27. media Informative Pre & post disaster During Analytical
28. 28. Anticipating the events and planning accordingly. Hazmat
29. 29. State of being vulnerable- open to attack, hurt or injury Analysis should be
conducted for each hazards and regularly updated
30. 30. Use the element of hazard analysis and vulnerability analysis Necessitate
cooperation of corporate and community group
31. 31. Prevention or removal of hazards Removal of at risk population Provision of
public information and education Establishment of early warning system Mitigation of
vulnerabilities Risk reduction Enhancing community to respond
32. 32. Theoretical foundations for disaster planning As effective as the assumption upon
which is based Must go beyond routine Need assessment Leadership Design for
local response Vulnerable population Assistance
33. 33. Training & educational assistance Conduct of damage assessment
34. 34. Placing the right patient in the right place at the right time to receive right level of
care Doing the greatest good for the greatest number
35. 35. Clinically experienced Good judgment and leadership Calm and cool under
stress Decisive Knowledgeable of available resources Sense of humor Creative
problem solver Available Experienced and knowledgeable regarding anticipated
casualties
36. 36. Never move a casualty backward Never hold a critical patient for further care
triage providers do not stop to treat patient Never move patient before triage
37. 37. Threat to ones life Infection of physical injury Exposure to the dead and
mutilated Witnessing unexpected or violent death Learning of the unexpected and
violent death of the loved one Knowledge that infiction of pain and suffering was
deliberate
38. 38. Review of all hazardous topics including natural and accidental man made events
,chemical, traumatic, explosive and nuclear events Role in public health, incident
management system & special needs
39. 39. D : detect I : incident command S : scene security and safety A: assess hazards
S: support T: triage and treatment E: evaluation
40. 40. Performed by the BDLS provider Demonstrate competencies in casualty
decontamination, specified essential skills and MCI information system 4 skills MASS
triage Personal protective equipment and decontamination Disaster skills Human
patient simulator
41. 41. Mortality Injury Infectious diseases Chronic diseases Malnutrition Health risk
and chemical contamination
42. 42. HEROIC HONEY MOON DISILLUSIONMENT RECONSTRUCTION IMPACT
43. 43. Be honest and developmentally appropriate explanation should be given
Encourage expression of feelings Reassure children Encourage daily activities
44. 44. A mass casualty incident is an unexpected event which stretches the resource of
emergency department and this requires the consolidated assistance of the hospital and
its support system
45. 45. VARIFICATION SENIOR DUTY MEDICAL OFFICER/ DUTY NURSE INFORMATION
ABOUT DISASTER TRAUMA COORDINATOR ACTIVATION TRAUMA TEAM TRAUME
NURSE COORDINATOR ACTIVATION PRIMARY SECONDARY
46. 46. An exercise in which people stimulate the circumstances of a disaster so that they
have an opportunity to practice their response Self protection & evacuation
47. 47. Leadership Identify the roles and functions Policy development Government
organizations Public health Health promotion Disease prevention Quality care
Evidence based practice Education Critical thinking Collaboration
48. 48. IN NURSING EDUCATION development and validation of core competencies
provision of continuous education program and material for practicing nurses inclusion of
content and clinical experience in nursing curriculum development of teaching resources
and material IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT related to mass casualty incidence
preparedness , response and recovery
49. 49. Focused on poorer countries According to the culture- Communication and
transport difficulties Knowledge and skill
50. 50. Apex body for disaster management in India EVOLUTION OF NDMA: High
powered committee in 1999 Nation committee in 2001 after Gujarat earth quake Tenth
five year plan- attached a chapter on disaster management 12th finance commission-
financial arrangement Creation of NDMA on 23rd December 2005.
51. 51. Lay down policies on disaster management Approve national plan Approves plan
prepared by ministers or departments Coordinate the implementation Recommend
provision of funds Provide support to other countries
52. 52. Multidisciplinary , multiskilled high-tech force of NDMA capable of dealing with all
types of natural and man made disasters. Specialized response to natural and
manmade disaster. Total 8 battalion and has 45 personnel including engineer,
technicians, medical and paramedical and dog squads.
53. 53. Thank you