Reading Comprehension Test

Submitted By: Gawin Lohaburananont (Win) 1001

The Troposphere

Source: http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/troposphere.html

The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. The troposphere

starts at Earth's surface and goes up to a height of 7 to 20 km (4 to 12 miles, or 23,000
to 65,000 feet) above sea level. Most of the mass (about 75-80%) of the atmosphere is
in the troposphere. Almost all weather occurs within this layer. Air is warmest at the
Line 5 bottom of the troposphere near ground level. Higher up it gets colder. Air pressure and
the density of the air are also less at high altitudes. The layer above the troposphere is
called the stratosphere.
Nearly all of the water vapor and dust particles in the atmosphere are in the
troposphere. That is why most clouds are found in this lowest layer, too. The bottom of
Line 10 the troposphere, right next to the surface of Earth, is called the "boundary layer". In
places where Earth's surface is "bumpy" (mountains, forests) winds in the boundary
layer are all jumbled up. In smooth places (over water or ice) the winds are smoother.
The winds above the boundary layer aren't affected by the surface much.
The troposphere is heated from below. Sunlight warms the ground or ocean,
Line 15 which in turn radiates the heat into the air right above it. This warm air tends to rise. That
keeps the air in the troposphere "stirred up". The top of the troposphere is quite cold.
The temperature there is around -55 C (-64 F)! Air also gets 'thinner' as you go higher
up. That's why mountain climbers sometimes need bottled oxygen to breathe.
The boundary between the top of the troposphere and the stratosphere (the layer
Line 20 above it) is called the tropopause. The height of the tropopause depends on latitude,
season, and whether it is day or night. Near the equator, the tropopause is about 20 km
(12 miles or 65,000 feet) above sea level. In winter near the poles the tropopause is
much lower. It is about 7 km (4 miles or 23,000 feet) high. The jet stream is just below
the tropopause. This "river of air" zooms along at 400 km/hr. (250 mph)!

1.The word it in line 5 refers to

A) air pressure and the density of air
B) the mass of troposphere
C) the troposphere
D) water vapor and dust particles

2.The word radiates in line 15 is closest in meaning to

A) to extend
B) to emit rays
C) to heat up
D) to keep the temperature

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 3.The phrase jumbled up in line 12 means
A) mixed
B) enraged
C) gentle
D) gusty

4.Which information is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A) The troposphere is heated from below
B) The tropopause
C) The components of troposphere
D) The components of stratosphere

5.According to the passage, what is the layer above troposphere?

A) tropopause
B) stratosphere
C) mesosphere
D) ozonosphere

6.Which of the following describes why mountain climbers use bottled oxygen?
A) There isnt enough air to breathe
B) The element of air up there is different
C) The weather is too cold to breath normally
D) The air is poisonous

7.According to the passage, what does the troposphere made out of?
A) Water Vapor
B) Dust Particles
C) Water Vapor and Dust Particles
D) Water Vapor, Dust Particles, and Carbon Dioxide

8.What is tropopause?
A) The lowest layer of the Earths atmosphere
B) Where clouds are
C) The bottom of the troposphere
D) The boundary between troposphere and stratosphere

9.The third paragraph mainly talks about

A) The location of troposphere
B) The components of troposphere
C) The temperature of troposphere
D) The weather and climate of troposphere

10. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A) To locate the troposphere
B) To explain what troposphere is

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 C) To describe components of troposphere
D) To explain the temperature of troposphere

Chromosomes, DNA and Genes: Tiny Things That Have a Huge Effect on Who We Are

Source:http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Life/genetics_intro.html

Some characteristics, or traits, result from interactions with the environment,

others are determined from the genetic material in your chromosomes. Chromosomes
are the keepers of the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. An organism has the same
chromosomes for its entire life. The chromosomes are located within each cell nucleus.
Line 5 They provide the directions for how the cell is supposed to function and determine some
characteristics about how the individual looks. Each chromosome contains a very
complex molecule called DNA. The DNA molecule contains genes, which direct how an
organism's body is built and maintained.
Heredity is the passage of DNA from the chromosomes of one generation to the
Line 10 chromosomes of the next. Chromosomes in your body are in pairs. One chromosome of
each pair came from your mother and one from your father. There are many genes
within each chromosome. Different genes determine different traits. For each gene there
can be many varieties. For instance, one variety might tell the body that eyes should be
blue while another variety tells that eyes should be brown. (The dominant gene
Line 15 determines the actual color of the person's eyes.) Each variety is called an allele.
There might be many types of alleles for each type of gene. Each animal or plant
has two alleles of each gene. One allele is inherited from its mother and the other is
inherited from its father. This means that an organism has two varieties of every gene,
but they might not be the same type.

1.The word inherited in line 17 means

A) fell heir
B) received
C) used
D) divided

2.The word trait in line 12 is closest in meaning to

A) characteristics
B) trick
C) quality
D) genes

3.The word they in line 5 refers to

A) genes
B) cells
C) chromosomes

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D) DNA

4.According to the passage, what is heredity?

A) Passage of DNA from the chromosomes from one generation to another
B) Produce proteins for the cell
C) Varieties of traits
D) Keepers of the genetic material in eukaryotic cells

5.Which of the followings can determine what will our face look like (eye color, hair color,
straight/curly hair, etc.)?
A) Gene
B) Allele
C) Chromosomes
D) DNA

6.According to the passage, where is the chromosome located?

A) In the cytoplasm
B) Outside the cell
C) In the nucleolus
D) Inside the nucleus

7.What is an allele?
A) Passage of DNA from the chromosomes from one generation to another
B) Produce proteins for the cell
C) Varieties of traits
D) Keepers of the genetic material in eukaryotic cells

8.What is NOT true about chromosomes?

A) Provide directions for how the cell is supposed to function
B) Contains DNA
C) Doesnt change number in animals
D) Every human has different number of chromosomes

9.Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?

A) Genetic Information in all of us
B) How many chromosomes do people have?
C) Basic of genetics
D) Why do we look like our father and mother?

10.The second paragraph talks about

A) Genes and alleles
B) Chromosomes
C) DNA
D) What are alleles