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Chemistry Lab Report

The Rocket

By

Mr. Jirat Prasertmak 5861035


Ms. Paphapint Parinyapariwat 5861093
Ms. Chanakan JiIndachotsiri 5861013
Ms. Duangjarin Sirijongkolthong 5861031
Ms. Milin Tanasarnsopon 5861058

Class: 1101

Presents
Ms. Sorasaree Tonsiengsom
Abstract
In the experiment, we create a rocket which is propelled by chemical
reaction between baking soda and vinegar that we have measured
properly. Together with physics theory, we use projectile theory to calculate
long curve movement. Also, we use different kinds of materials and design
such as plastic and wood. For the result, the rocket should hit the middle of
the target. result

Introduction
In this experiment, we used baking soda and vinegar which have
chemical properties that can react with one another , then, the rocket will
move. Not only we used chemical theory ,but also physics theory which is
projectile theory and calculate it so that we can know the length of the
curve. Moreover, we designed shape of the rocket to create its balance.
Then, we collect the results and calculate them.

Objective
To determine, the relation between each chemical which are baking
soda and vinegar that can react with another to make the rocket be able to
fly and hit the target properly.
Background Information
Chemical Reaction

A chemical reaction, a balanced chemical equation must be written.


Chemical reactions are balanced by adding coefficients so that the number
of atoms of each element is the same on both sides. Stoichiometry
describes the relationship between the amounts of reactants and products
in a reaction.

Reactant
Reactants are the starting materialsin a chemical reaction.
Reactants undergo a chemical change in which chemical bonds are
broken and new ones formed to make products. In a chemical equation,
reactants are listed on the left side of the arrow, while products are on the
right side. If a chemical reaction has an arrow that points both left and
right, then substances on both sides of the arrow are reactants as well as
products (the reaction proceeds in both directions simultaneously).

Products
A product is a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical
reaction.

Limiting Reagent
The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely used up in a
reaction, and thus determines when the reaction stops. From the
reactionstoichiometry,the exact amount of reactant needed to react with
another element can be calculated.If the reactants are not mixed in the
correct stoichiometric proportions (as indicated bythe balanced chemical
equation), then one of the reactants will be entirely consumed while
another will be left over. The limiting reagent is the one that is totally
consumed; it limits the reaction from continuing because there is none left
to react with the in-excess reactant.

Sodium Bicarbonate

Sodium hydrogen carbonate is a chemical compound with the


formula NaHCO3. It is a salt composed of sodium ions and bicarbonate
ions. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often
appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling
that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). The natural mineral form is
Nahcolite. It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in
many mineral springs. Since it has long been known and is widely used,
the salt has many related names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking
soda, and bicarbonate of soda. In colloquial usage, the names sodium
bicarbonate and bicarbonate of soda are often truncated. Forms such as
sodium bicarb, bicarb soda, bicarbonate, bicarb, or even bica are common.
Vinegar

Vinegar is a liquid consisting of about 520% acetic acid


(CH3COOH), water, and other trace chemicals, which may include
flavorings. The acetic acid is produced by the fermentation of ethanol by
acetic acid bacteria.Vinegar is now mainly used as a cooking ingredient, or
in pickling. Commercial vinegar is produced either by a fast or a slow
fermentation processes.

Reaction

According to Steve Spangler Science, mixing vinegar and baking


soda starts a chemical reaction that produces carbon dioxide, or CO2, and
water. The chemical names of the two ingredients are acetic acid, which is
the vinegar, and sodium bicarbonate, which is the baking soda. When
vinegar and baking soda is mixed in a lunch bag or similar container, the
carbon dioxide produced fills up the container. The container bursts or
explodes when there is no more space for the gas in the bag or container.
In Scientific Americans version of the experiment, a film canister gets
launched into the atmosphere like a rocket. The gas builds up in the
canister until the lack of room pressurizes the closed canister causing it to
pop open and fly into the air.
Materials

Launcher

Plastic PVC pipe

The rocket

Plastic bottle Tape


Paper tissue Cork

Digital Balance Cylinder


The reactants

Baking soda Vinegar


Procedure

Preparing
Planning process - all members were helping each other to think
about what we were going to do such as when we would create a rocket,
what would we have to prepare, and how would we create the rocket.

Importantly, we separated people in to 2 groupsexperimenting and


reporting.
For the report group, they started doing the introduction part ,and
they did some initial finding such as Newtons Law of Motion and
aerodynamic so that they could plan about the shape and design of the
rocket.
After knowing some fundamental information, they designed the
rocket. For the experiment group, after playing what to buy, they went to
buy materials in shops and supermarket.
After everything was
ready, we started to create
the rocket as same as
what we designed. During
that time, some members
were building the launcher.
Experiment
We well measured the volume of vinegar by using the measure
substance ,and put it in to the rocket. Also to measure the mass of baking
soda by digital balance, we put tissue on the balance first so that it would
be able to fold the baking soda. Then, after folding the baking soda with
tissue, we attached it with cock by using tape.
We walked to the launcher. To launch, a person put the cock in the rocket
Immediately, the person put it on the launcher and waited for it to fly.
See the result
Take a photo and write the result on the paper.
Lab Report
The writing team were trying to find sources which could be the back
ground information
After finding all information, they put it in the document.
A person was finding pictures for each topic, materials,and reactants.
A person was writing an APA format for the references.
Members were writing procedures, data, conclusion, and recommendation.
A member was checking correctness of the report.
Presentation
Two of the members was choosing and summarizing the information
She was putting the information to the slides.
Another person was finding pictures ,and decorating the presentation.
Lastly, they checked all their work.

The Data table of Nasa Rocket

No. Trial Accuracy Mass of Amount of Amount of Design Angle Distance


rocket Vinegar Baking
(ml) soda (g)

1 0 63 g. 230 ml. 13 g. 3 45 degrees 17m.

2 0 63 g. 230 ml. 13 g. 3 50 degrees 18 m.

3 0 63 g. 230 ml. 13 g. 3 50 degrees 17 m.

4 0 85.35 g. 230 ml. 14 g. 3 50 degrees 17 m.

5 0 63 g. 230 ml. 14 g. 3 50 degrees 11 m.

6 0 69.79 g. 230 ml. 14.06 g. 3 50 degrees 15 m.

7 0 69.79 g. 230 ml. 14.09 g. 3 50 degrees 15 m.

8 0 69.79 g. 230 ml. 14.1 g. 3 45 degrees 17 m.

9 3 69.79 g. 240 ml. 14.5 g. 3 45 degrees 20 m.

10 1 69.79 g. 240 ml. 14.6 g. 3 45 degrees 18 m.


Result
According to the data table, the most successful trail was the ninth
one which our group got three points of accuracy. At first, we used just 230
ml. of vinegar and we found that the rocket did not have enough energy to
meet the target. Thus, we decided to increase the amount of vinegar to 240
ml. and it worked better. Alike the vinegar, at first, we used just around
13-14 grams of baking soda and it did not work very well. Then, we made a
decision to increase it to 14.5 grams and it went furthest. Moreover, the
degrees of the launcher is also one of the most important factors that
affects the distance of the rocket. The reason is because, from the
projectile s theory, if we use 45 degrees, it will make the object (which is
the rocket) goes furthest. Furthermore, the outside factors that we can not
control such as wind is also play the significant role on the distance and
direction of the rocket as well.
Discussion Questions
1. What happen when vinegar react with baking soda? Please write
chemical equation
- As the chemical equation NaHCO3 + CH3COOH = NaCH3COO +
H2O + CO2, the result, when baking soda (base) reacted to vinegar (acid),
was that it released sodium acetate, water, carbon dioxide respectively.
Moreover, carbon dioxide (CO2) became the main fuel which pushed and
launched the rocket.

2. Describe physical and chemical properties of reactants


- In the experiment, we used two materials which are easy to find in
the kitchen consist of baking soda and vinegar. Baking soda or sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a powder which is used for various objectives,
such as cooking, cleaning, deodorization, and has chemical properties as it
is non-flammable, easily soluble, odorless, and basic. Vinegar or acetic
acid (CH3COOH) is a clear acidic liquid which is used for cooking,
cleaning, and medical purposes and it has a sharp smell and distinct taste.
Thereby, we used these staples to make an acid-based reaction due to
their different chemical properties.

3. Identify limiting reagent and excess reagent of the best result


- The resulting from calculation ,we choose the best trial which we
used 14.5 g of baking soda and 240 ml of vinegar. And the calculation
result show that baking soda is a limiting reagent because it has only
0.1666 molNaHCO3 which is lesser than the vinegar (0.1998
molCH3COOH) ,thus the vinegar is an excess reagent. Then we use the
result of Baking soda to calculate the theoretical yield of the product (CO2)
by let 0.1666 x the molar mass of CO2 ,and the answer is 7.3057 ,however,
we cannot know the actual yield of the product ,because while doing an
experiment the rocket gone so fast ,and we cannot determined.
4. Show calculation of your best result

To find the limiting reagent

NaHCO (Baking soda) + CHCOOH (Vinegar) = CO2 (Carbon dioxide)

Find the molar mass


- Baking Soda : NaHCO
22.989769 + 1.00794 +12.0107 + 2(15.9994) = 84.01 g/mol
- Vinegar : CHCOOH
12.0107 + 3(1.00794) +12.0107 + 15.9994 +15.994 +1.00794 = 60.0519 g/mol
- Carbon dioxide :CO2
12.0107 + 2(15.9994) = 44.01 g/mol

From our best trial which is the ninth trial. We used 14.5 go Baking soda and 240
ml of a vinegar.

14.5 of baking soda = 14/84.01 x 1 mol x 1molCO2 /1molNaHCO = 0.1666 molNaHCO


240 ml of 5% Vinegar = 240 x 0.05 = 12 g
= 12/60.051 x 1mol x 1molCO2 /1molCHCOOH = 0.1998 molCHCOOH

***The limiting reagent is baking soda (0.1666) because it has been used up first.

5. Discuss what cause errors from the experiment


- There were many mistakes occurred during the experiment such as
the rocket couldnt come out from the launcher ,because the rocket hadnt
set properly. And sometime the we cannot close the cock before the
chemical has reacted.

6. Suggest how to improve your accuracy


- After all many obstacle we learned to figure out the problems by increase
amount of vinegar and baking. We set the launcher pad to be 45 degrees. Make
the head of the rocket heavier because sometime the wind is so strong ,and to
increase the weight of head of the rocket will help the rocket to be more stable. In
the end our rocket can hit the target accuracy at 3 points.
Suggestion

After all many obstacle we learned to figure out the problems by


increase amount of vinegar and baking. We set the launcher pad to be 45
degrees. Make the head of the rocket heavier because sometime the wind
is so strong ,and to increase the weight of head of the rocket will help the
rocket to be more stable. In the end our rocket can hit the target accuracy
at 3 points.

Conclusion

According to the experiment and the results, we can prove that when
baking soda (base) reacted to vinegar (acid), it will release sodium acetate,
water, carbon dioxide respectively. Moreover, carbon dioxide (CO2)
became the main fuel which pushed and launched the rocket. Moreover,
we can conclude that the best trial which we used 14.5 g of baking soda
and 240 ml of vinegar makes the rocket went furthest. However, there were
also some obstacles during doing the experiment. For example, the rocket
couldnt come out from the launcher ,because the rocket hadnt set
properly, and sometime the we cannot close the cock before the chemical
has reacted. Anyway, we can solve all of those problems and find the
solution to make our rocket works the best.
References
Hall, Nancy. (2015). Aerodynamic Forces. Retrieved from https://
www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/presar.html.

Hall, Nancy. (2015). Newtons Second Law. Retrieved from https://


www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/newton2.html.

Hall, Nancy. (2015). Newtons Third Law Applied to Aerodynamics.


Retrieved from https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/newton3.html.

Hall, Nancy. (2015). Torque (Moment). Retrieved from https://


www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/torque.html.

Louviere, Georgia. (n.d.). Third Law of Motion. Retrieved from http://


teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/louviere/Newton/law3.html.
May, Sandra. (2015). What is a Rocket?. Retrieved from https://
www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-
rocket-k4.html.

Momentum and Impulse Connection. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://


www.physicsclassroom.com/class/momentum/Lesson-1/Momentum-and-
Impulse-Connection.

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