NERVE

CELLs

By: Pretty, Orn, Ning, DD, and

Na
In the human body there are about 100 billion nerve cells
(also called NEURONs).

What is nerve cell?

Nerve cells are the receiver and respond from ...

The brain body and

from the body brain.

Possible location of nerve cells in the body
WHY?

Brain
Central command
of body actions
Spinal cord
Help transport
messages easier
Peripheral nerves
The shape of nerve cells.
- Tree shape
- Have a long chains of Axon
- Cell body - at the top of Axon
- Centered nucleus
- Cell body and the dendrites
made the head of the nerve
cell looks like snowflakes.
 Functions of
nerve cells
1. React to a stimulus
2. Conduct electrical impulses
away from the neuron's cell
body
3. Carries messages from other
neurons to a cell body
4. Sending impulses
How does the functions of nerve cell help keep
the organism alive?
- Controls all types of body activities.
- Transmits messages from one part to
another part of the body
- Received and transmitted messages
rapidly - helps respond to an
environmental change
- Reflex arc: body quickly respond to
the danger or environment
How shape affect the function of the cell?
- Long axon helps transmit impulses faster
- Dendrite quickly receives impulses
 Nerve cell consist of

- Dendrite
- Cell body
- Axon
- Synapse

Cytoplasm and nucleus is a part of cell

body. Diameter of the cell body is about
4-25 micrometer.
Dendrite - brings signal into
cell

Axon - bring out signal

Every nerve cell have

one or more dendrites
that stick out from the
cell but there is only
one axon.
 NO CENTROSOME

Important organelles
Important organelles in
the nerve cell are

- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- RER
- SER
- Lysosome
- Vesicle
- Golgi Body
- Cytoskeleton
- Mitochondria
- Cell membrane
- Ribosome
Specialized
organelles
 Cell body
Cell body (soma):
Ribosome produces proteins for the
dendrites, axons and synaptic terminals
Contains specialized organelles
Cytoplasm; watery - salty fluid
Potassium - rich solution
Enzymes; response for metabolism
Neuronal Membrane (phospholipid bilayers + proteins)

Enclose cytoplasm inside neuron

Keep out certain ions and small
molecules from cell and letting
others in.
Conduct impulses
Collect nutrient
Reject harmful substances
Catalyzed enzymatic reactions
Make electrical potential
Dendrites

- Receiving signals
- Covered by thousands of synapses.
- Receptors - specialized protein molecules ; detect the neurotransmitters in
synaptic cleft.
- Main conducting unit of the neuron
- Bring information to different targets Axon
- wrapped in myelin sheath
- Myelin protects axon, and prevents interference between axons as
they pass along in bundles.
- Schwann cells - wrap around peripheral nerve fibers
- Oligodendrocytes - wrap around axons within the central nervous system

Axon terminal
SWSSAAAAxon

Schwann cells
(Synapses) Nerve Ending (Presynaptic Terminals)

Junctions between 2 nerve cells; presynaptic

terminal of one cell comes in contact with other
postsynaptic membrane
2 types Chemical

Electrical
How does nerve cells different from other cells?
Unique shape Specialized functions Contains specialized
organelles
Diseases & Treatment
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Bodys immune system attacks the
myelin sheath of nerves.
Treatment:
MS attack
Corticosteroids
Plasma exchange
(plasmapheresis)
Secondary-progressive MS
Immunomodulatory
therapy (IMT)
Mitoxantrone
Diseases & Treatment
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS)
Motor neuron disease
Muscle weaken
Interrupted physical
functions
Treatment:
Riluzole - reduce motor
neuron damage; release of
Glutamate
Prescription drugs - relief
from other symptoms
Bibliography
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http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n07/fundamentos/neuron/parts_i.htm - not complete

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THANK YOU