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Assumptions:
Mann-Whitney U test is a non-parametric test,
hence it does not assume any assumptions
related to the distribution. There are, however,
some assumptions that are assumed
1. The sample drawn from the population is
random.
2. Independence within the samples and mutual
independence is assumed.
3. Ordinal measurement scale is assumed.
Calculation:
Where:
U=Mann-Whitney U test
N 1 = sample size one
N2= Sample size two
R i = Rank of the sample size
Use:
Mann-Whitney U test is used for every field, but in
frequently used in psychology, medical/nursing
and business. For example, in psychology, it is
used to compare attitude or behavior, etc. In
medicine, it is used to know the effect of two
medicines and whether they are equal or not. It
is also used to know whether or not a particular
medicine cures the ailment or not. In business, it
can be used to know the preferences of different
people and it can be used to see if that changes
depending on location.
Because the test was initially designed in 1945 by Wilcoxon for two
samples of the same size and in 1947 further developed by Mann
and Whitney to cover diff erent sample sizes the test is also called
MannWhitneyWilcoxon (MWW), Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Wilcoxon
MannWhitney test, or Wilcoxon two-sample test.
The goal of the test is to test for diff erences of the media that are
caused by the independent variable. Another interpretation of the
test is to test if one sample stochastically dominates the other
sample. The U-value represents the number of times observations
in one sample precede observations in the other sample in the
ranking. Which is that with the two samples X and Y the Prob(X>Y)
> Prob(Y>X). Sometimes it also can be found that the Mann-
Whitney U-test tests whether the two samples are from the same
population because they have the same distribution. Other non-
paracontinuous-level tests to compare the mean score are the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z-test, and the Wilcoxon sign test
Because the test was initially designed in 1945 by Wilcoxon for two
samples of the same size and in 1947 further developed by Mann
and Whitney to cover diff erent sample sizes the test is also called
MannWhitneyWilcoxon (MWW), Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Wilcoxon
MannWhitney test, or Wilcoxon two-sample test.
The Mann-Whitney U-test is mathematically identical to conducting
an independent sample t-test (also called 2-sample t-test) with
ranked values. This approach is similar to the step from Pearson's
bivariate correlation coeffi cient to Spearman's rho. The U-test,
however, does apply a pooled ranking of all variables.
The goal of the test is to test for diff erences of the media that are
caused by the independent variable. Another interpretation of the
test is to test if one sample stochastically dominates the other
sample. The U-value represents the number of times observations
in one sample precede observations in the other sample in the
ranking. Which is that with the two samples X and Y the Prob(X>Y)
> Prob(Y>X). Sometimes it also can be found that the Mann-
Whitney U-test tests whether the two samples are from the same
population because they have the same distribution. Other non-
paracontinuous-level tests to compare the mean score are the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z-test, and the Wilcoxon sign test.
The U-test compares the ranking, Z-test compares the diff erences in
distributions, Wald-Wolfowitz compares sequences in ranking, and
Moses compares the ranges of the two samples. The Kolmogorov-
Smirnov Z-Test requires continuous-level data (interval or ratio
scale), the Mann-Whitney U-Test, Wald-Wolfowitz runs, and Moses
extreme reactions require ordinal data.
http://www.statisticssolutions.com/mann-whitney-
u-test-2/
Mann-Whitney U Calculator
Further Information
The Mann-Whitney U test is a nonparametric test that allows two groups or conditions or
treatments to be compared without making the assumption that values are normally
distributed. So, for example, one might compare the speed at which two different groups of
people can run 100 metres, where one group has trained for six weeks and the other has
not.
Requirements
Two random, independent samples
For maximum accuracy, there should be no ties, though this test - like others - has a
way to handle ties
Null Hypothesis
The null hypothesis asserts that the medians of the two samples are identical.
Equation