Grammar - All in One - New Version

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
POSITIVE SUBJECT + MAIN VERB

FORM
2 (SUBJEKT + GLAVNI GLAGOL)
I PLAY I WATCH Ponekad, radi lakeg

YOU PLAY YOU WATCH izgovora,
HE PLAYS HE WATCHES dodajemo ES na kraj
SHE PLAYS SHE WATCHES glagola. To inimo
IT PLAYS IT WATCHES kada glagol zavrava sa:
WE PLAY WE WATCH CH, SH, X, SS ili O.
YOU PLAY YOU WATCH Npr.
THEY PLAY THEY WATCH Match = Matches
Wash = Washes
Fix = Fixes
Kiss = Kisses
Go = Goes
NEGATIVE SUBJECT + DO/DOES + NOT + MAIN VERB

FORM (SUBJEKT + DO/DOES + NOT + GLAVNI GLAGOL)
4
I DO NOT PLAY
YOU DO
HE DOES
SHE DOES
IT DOES
WE DO
YOU DO
THEY DO
DO/DOES + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB

QUESTION
FORM (DO/DOES + SUBJEKT + GLAVNI GLAGOL)
3
DO I PLAY ?
DO YOU ?
DOES HE ?
DOES SHE ?
DOES IT ?
DO WE ?
DO YOU ?
DO THEY ?
Simple Present Tense positive form only
1) We never ________________ (study) after 11:00.
2) Mark always ______________ (study) in the morning.
3) You _________ (love) your husband.
4) I ________________ (make) my bed every morning.
5) Kathy ________________ (make) her bed.
6) Kathy and I ____________ (sit) together in the same class and we
____________(walk) home together.
7) Barbara's dad _____________ (work) in Rijeka.
8) Your dog ___________ (eat) a lot.
9) The buses in Zadar ___________ (run) on time.
They never __________ (arrive) late. Our school bus usually
__________ (come) late in the mornings.
10)Vesna's children __________ (go) to daycare. ____
13
Simple Present Tense positive, negative, question form
1) We never ________________ (study) after 11:00.

2) Mark always ______________ (study) in the morning.
3) _______ you _________ (love) your husband?
Yes, I __________.
4) I ________________ (make, not) my bed every morning.
5) Kathy ________________ (make, not) her bed either.
6) Kathy and I ____________ (be) in the same class and we ____________
(walk) home together.
7) _______ Barbara's dad _____________ (work) in Zagreb or Rijeka?
8) _______ your dog ___________ (eat) a lot?
No, he _____________.
9) The buses in Zadar ___________ (run) on time.
They _________ (be) never late.
Our school bus ___________ (be) usually late in the mornings.
10) ________ Vesna's children __________ (go) to daycare? ____
15
Practise examples using the Simple Present Tense:
1) My friend, Mary, always ________________ (give) me good advice when I need it.
2) I always ______________ (keep) my promises.
3) This dog ____________ (sleep) a lot!
4) _______ you ____________ (have) a brother or sister?
5) Susan ____________ (gossip) a lot in school. I ______________________ (like, not) that.
6) I never _________ (go) to bed before 10:00pm. Marko always _____________ (go) to bed at 9:00pm!
7) _________ Benjamin ____________ (work) in Zagreb or Rijeka? He ___________ (work) in Zagreb.
_____
10
DEFINITION: a) The Present Continuous expresses an activity that is in progress at the moment of
speaking.
(Present Continuous je sadanje vrijeme koje se koristi kada govorimo

o neemu to se dogaa upravo sada u trenutku govorenja.)
EXAMPLES: 1. We are sitting in class right now.
2. I am listening to the teacher.
3. He is writing in his notebook.
DEFINITION b) Often, the activity is generally in progress: this week, this month, this year, etc.
(esto, radnja je u toku: ovaj tjedan, ovaj mjesec, ove godine, itd.)
EXAMPLES: 1. Marija is studying hard for her math test this week.
2. We are preparing for our football tournament.
PRESENT
PAST FUTURE
KEY WORDS:
Now This morning

Right now This afternoon
At this moment This evening
At this time This week
Look! This month
Shhh! This year
Listen! Etc.
What are you doing?
What is he doing?
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
POSITIVE SUBJECT + VERB TO BE IN THE PRESENT + MAIN VERB + ING

FORM
4 (SUBJEKT + GL. BITI U SADANJOSTI + GL. GLAGOL + ING)
I AM PLAYING
YOU ARE
HE IS
SHE IS
IT IS
WE ARE
YOU ARE
THEY ARE
SUBJECT + VERB TO BE IN THE PRESENT + NOT + MAIN VERB + ING

NEGATIVE
FORM (SUBJEKT + GLAGOL BITI U SADANJOSTI + NOT + GL. GLAGOL + ING)
5
I AM NOT PLAYING
YOU ARE
HE IS
SHE IS
IT IS
WE ARE
YOU ARE
THEY ARE
VERB TO BE IN THE PRESENT + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + ING

QUESTION
FORM (GLAGOL BITI U SADANJOSTI + SUBJEKT + GLAVNI GLAGOL + ING)
4
AM I PLAYING ?
ARE YOU ?
IS HE ?
IS SHE ?
IS IT ?
ARE WE ?
ARE YOU ?
ARE THEY ?
SIMPLE PRESENT VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

1. I watch TV. 1. I am watching TV.
(Ja gledam televiziju.) (Ja gledam televiziju.)
2. Marija makes her bed. 2. Marija is making her bed.

(Marija pravi svoj krevet.) (Marija pravi svoj krevet.)
**
Ovo se dogaa svaki dan, openito, itd. ** Ovo se dogaa upravo sada.
** Na hrvatskom jeziku morate naglasiti je li radnja svakodnevna (openita, tjedna, itd.) ili se
dogaa upravo sada.
Ali, na engleskom jeziku, po sastavu reenice, moete prepoznati kada se radnja dogaa
u sadanjosti.
SIMPLE PRESENT vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(Wait) 1.
They _________________ for the bus right now.
(Want) 2.
I __________ to go to Greece this summer.
(Leave) 3.
Mary _____________ for school at 7:30a.m. every morning.
(Ring) 4.
Listen! I think the telephone ___________________.
(Eat) 5.
A: Hi John! What are you doing?
B: I ________________ a hamburger.
(Play) 6. A: What do you do every Monday and Wednesday after school?
B: I ________________ tennis at the Sports Center.
(Watch) 7. Sandra ____________________ CSI New York right now. I think that
she ________________ this TV show every Sunday night.
(Study) 8. Shhh! Katarina __________________.
SIMPLE PRESENT vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. Mary (go) _____________ to basketball practise twice a week. Right now, she (drive)
____________________ to a tournament in Zagreb.
2. In my home right now, Ivica (play) __________________ computer games, Anela and Marija
(study) __________________ and Antonio (watch) ____________________ Teletubbies on TV.
3. ________ Caroline (like) ________________ the opera?
4. Katherine (have, not) ______________________ any brothers or sisters. She (be) __________ an
only child. How many brothers and sisters ________ you (have) _____________?
5. I (understand, not) ______________________English grammar. Right now,

I (study) _______________________ for Friday's test.
6. Look! Those kids across the street (fight) __________________________!
M I N I T E S T #1
Use the simple present or the present continuous to complete the sentences.
1. I always (do) ________________ my homework.
2. Katarina (pay, not) ____________________ her telephone bill on time every month.
3. Shhh! The baby (sleep)_____________________.
4. A: __________ Martina and Sarah (fight) __________________ in the classroom

now?
B: No, they (fight) ______________________.
They (discuss) _________________________ something.
5. _________ you (wait) __________________ for the bus every morning? ______
10
6. My mom (make) _____________________ lunch everyday for us.
7. Dennis usually (drink) _________________ coffee for breakfast, but this morning
he (drink) _________________ tea instead.
M I N I T E S T #1bGroup A
1. Marko rarely (do) ________________ his homework.
2. I (try) ____________________ to pay my telephone bill on time every month.
3. Look! The baby (crawl)_____________________.
4. A: __________ Barbara and Sarah (argue) __________________ in the classroom ______

now? 10
B: No, they (discuss) ______________________ something. But, very loudly.
5. _________ you (ride) __________________ your bike to school every morning?
6. My grandma (make) _____________________ lunch for us everyday.
7. Kathy and Emil usually (drink) _________________ coffee for breakfast, but this morning
they (drink, not) _________________ anything. They (be) _________ ill.
M I N I T E S T #1bGroup B
1. I seldom (make) _____________ my bed in the morning.
2. My mom and dad (try) ____________________ to go to church every Sunday.
3. Oh my God! Look outside! That man (fall) _____________________ from that building!
4. A: __________ you (watch) __________________ the news right now? ______

10
B: No, I (wash) ______________________ the dishes.
5. _________ John (go) __________________ to work by car or by bus every morning?
6. My grandma (make, not) _____________________ lunch for us everyday.

Sometimes, we (buy) _______________ our lunch.
7. I (love) _________________ coffee for breakfast, but this morning

my sister and I (drink) _________________ tea instead. She asked me to try it.
SPELLING OF ing FORM
END OF VERB SIMPLE FORM -ING FORM
-e dance dancing
2 consonants help helping
2 vowels + 1 consonant rain raining
1 vowel + 1 consonant stop (1 syllable) stopping

visit (2 syllable) visiting
prefer (2 syllable) preferring
-y play (vowel + y) playing

study (consonant + y) studying
-ie die dying
NONCONTINUOUS VERBS
Some verbs are noncontinuous. They are not used in any of the continuous tenses. These verbs describe a
mental state, emotional state, possession, sense perception or some other types of states.
The verbs that are noncontinuous are:
Mental State: know, realize, believe, feel, imagine, doubt, want, need, understand, suppose,
remember, prefer, recognize, forget & mean.
Emotional State: like, dislike, love, hate, fear, envy, mind, care & appreciate.
Possession: possess, own & belong.
Sense Perceptions: hear
Other Existing States: seem, cost, owe, exist, consist of, contain & include.
The following verbs can be used in the continuous and noncontinuous state, but with a
difference in meaning:
NONCONTINUOUS (existing state) CONTINUOUS (activity in progress)
Think I think he is a kind man. I am thinking about this grammar.

Have I have 4 children. He is having a good time at the party.
TasteThis food tastes good. The cook is tasting the sauce.
Smell These flowers smell good. Mary is smelling the flowers.
See I see a butterfly on the window. The doctor is seeing a patient.
Feel I feel sick. Sandra is feeling the cat's fur.
Look She looks tired. I am looking out the window.
Appear He appears to be asleep. The actor is appearing on the stage.
Weigh He weighs a lot. He is 120kg! The grocer is weighing the bananas.
Be I am hungry. Tom is being foolish. (Tom is acting foolish.)
Definition: The Simple Past is used to talk about something that happened in the past. The activity or
situation began and ended before now (in the past) and it happened at one particular time
in the past.
(Simple Past je prolo vrijeme koje se koristi kada govorimo o neemu to se dogodilo u
prolosti. Aktivnost ili situacija poela je i zavrila prije sada (u prolosti) i dogodila se
u jedno odreeno vrijeme u prolosti.)
****Ovo vrijeme koristi pravilne i nepravilne glagole.

Pravilni glagoli su jednostavni jer samo nadodate ed na kraj glagola.
Nepravilni glagoli su teki jer ih morate nauiti napamet(2. red tablice)
Examples: Regular verbs: 1) I watched a good movie last night.

2) We played soccer yesterday.
Irregular verbs: 1) Kathy went to Meugorje last summer.

2) I bought a new car.
PRESENT
PAST FUTURE
KEY WORDS:
YESTERDAY LAST AGO (PRIJE) IN
Yesterday **Last night 5 minutes ago In 1998
Yesterday morning Last week 2 hours ago In September
Yesterday afternoon Last month 10 days ago In the wintertime
**Yesterday evening Last year 3 weeks ago Etc.
Last summer 6 years ago
**Nemoj rei Last Monday 1 month ago

yesterday night
Etc. A month ago
THE SIMPLE PAS T (Regular verbs)
POSITIVE SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + ED
SUBJEKT + GLAVNI GLAGOL + ED

FORM
3
I PLAYED
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
NEGATIVE SUBJECT + DID + NOT + MAIN VERB (infinitive)

FORM SUBJEKT + DID + NOT + GL. GLAGOL (infinitiv)
4
I DID NOT PLAY

YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE **Sjeti se dida!!
YOU (ha ha ha)
THEY
DID + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB (infinitive)

QUESTION
FORM DID + SUBJEKT + GLAVNI GLAGOL (infinitiv)
3
DID I PLAY ?
YOU ?
HE ?
SHE ?
IT ?
WE ?
YOU ?
THEY ?
THE SIMPLE PAS T (Irregular verbs)
SUBJECT + MAIN VERB IN THE PAST (2nd row of the chart)
SUBJEKT + GLAVNI GLAGOL U PROLOSTI (2. red tablice)

POSITIVE
FORM
2
I WENT
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
NEGATIVE SUBJECT + DID + NOT + MAIN VERB (infinitive)

FORM SUBJEKT + DID + NOT + GL. GLAGOL (infinitiv)
4
I DID NOT GO
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE **Sjeti se dida!!
YOU (ha ha ha)
THEY
DID + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB (infinitive)

QUESTION
FORM DID + SUBJEKT + GLAVNI GLAGOL (infinitiv)
3
DID I GO ?
YOU ?
HE ?
SHE ?
IT ?
WE ?
YOU ?
THEY ?
Practise examples for the simple past (regular verbs only):
(Change) 1. We _______________ planes in Vancouver 2 hours ago.

(Visit) 2. Mary _______________ her grandmother last Sunday.
(Visit, not) 3. She _____________________ her cousins then.
(Mail) 4. ________ you ____________ your letter yesterday morning?
(Arrive) 5. I ______________ late for class yesterday.
Practise examples for the simple past (irregular verbs only):
(Write) 1. I stayed home last night and ____________ several letters.

(Sell) 2. Mr. Rice finally _______________ his house yesterday.
(Speak, not) 3. Mario _____________________ to me last week because he was angry with me.
(Come) 4. _________ Karolina and Marija _________________ to your party last night?
(Read) 5. I ____________ that novel 2 months ago.
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
1) I _________ (have) a great time at the party last night.

2) John, finally, __________ (fix) his car yesterday.
3) My brother _________ (eat) a big sandwich for lunch.
4) Mary _________ (be) very tired in class today.
5) I __________ (phone) my friend Robert and we __________ (talk) on the phone for 1 hour.
6) My grandma __________ (write) me a letter from Canada.
7) We __________ (see) a great film last night.
8) Sandra __________ (call) the police. _____
9) John and Steve _____________ (understand) the whole lesson. 10
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
1) I ___________ (sleep) for 10 hours yesterday!

2) My dad and I _____________ (drive) to Dubrovnik last summer. We _________ (be) very
tired when we ___________ (arrive).
3) Barbara __________ (wait) for me at the bus stop this morning.
4) I __________ (walk) home from school yesterday afternoon.
5) Martin ________ (do) all of his homework.
6) Our teacher __________ (work) all day yesterday.
7) We ___________ (go) to a great part last weekend. _____
8) My sister ___________ (drink) a lot of coffee last night. 10
MINI-TEST OF THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
(catch) 1. The police ______________ the thief last night.

(know) 2. Jennifer _____________ all the answers in class yesterday.
(take) 3. Alan _____________ a long vacation last summer.
(wait) 4. They ________________ for John for 2 hours last night.
(come, not) 5. He _____________________ to the party at Karlo's house.
(be) 6. Marko ____________ president of the class 3 years ago.
(have) 7. _______ everyone ___________ a good time at the picnic last Sunday?
(sleep, not) 8. I ______________________ a wink last night. _____
(work) 9. ________ you ____________ late today? You look tired. 9
SIMPLE PRESENT vs. SIMPLE PAST

1. My son ___________ (go) to a basketball game yesterday.
2. I _________ (love) school.
3. Matija ___________ (walk) to school every morning.
4. Sometimes, the dogs __________ (sleep) in the house.
5. Mrs. Jones ____________ (call) the police last night.
6. We _____________ (write) a big test last week.
7. Nenad ____________ (fix) cars. He is a mechanic.
8. We ___________ (drink) a lot of Cola last night.

9. My grandpa ____________ (help) me fix the car yesterday.
10.I usually __________ (drink) a lot of Cola.
11.Susan __________ (walk) home from school everyday.
12.My parents __________ (have) a great time at the party last Saturday night.
13.John ___________ (kiss) his wife every morning.
14.Usually the students _____________ (sit) in class quietly.
15.My grandma ____________ (cook) a beautiful cake last Sunday.

16.My grandma always ____________ (make) delicious desserts.
17.I ___________ (be) in Dubrovnik last summer.
18.Robert _____________ (watch) the news every night at 7:30pm.
19.We _____________ (listen) to our teacher everyday.
20.My cats ____________ (eat) a lot every morning for breakfast.
21.I _____________ (do) all of my homework last night.
22.Ante ____________ (go) hunting every weekend.

23.Last weekend, we _____________ (see) a big bear in the zoo.
24.Animals _____________ (hunt) for food.
25.I _____________ (know) all of the answers on yesterday's history test.
26.I ____________ (wait) for my friend at the bus stop every morning at 7:00am.
27.Tamara usually ______________ (come) to my house after school.
28.It _____________ (rain) a lot last week.
M I N I T E S T #2
USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT, PRESENT CONTINUOUS OR SIMPLE PAST (REGULAR VERBS)
1. I (walk) __________________ to school yesterday.
2. I (sit) __________________ in class right now.
3. I usually (go)________________ to bed at eleven o'clock every night.
4. Sally (finish)________________her homework at ten o'clock last night.
5. I (study)________________at the library yesterday.
6. I (study)________________English every day.
7. I am in class right now.I (study)________________English.
8. I need an umbrella because it (rain)________________right now.
9. It (rain)_______________yesterday morning.
10. My roommate (help)_______________me with my homework last night.
11. We can go outside now.The rain (stop)________________a few minutes ago.
12. The children are in the park.They (play)________________basketball.
13. I (play)_________________ soccer last week.
14. Yesterday morning I (brush)__________________ my teeth,(wash)__________________my

face,and (shave)_______________ .
15. Ann is in her living room right now.She (watch)_________________ television.
16. Ann usually (watch)________________TV in the evening.
17. She (watch)_______________ a good program on TV last night.
18. We (do)________________ an exercise in class right now.We (use)_________________verb

tenses in sentences.
19. I (arrive)_________________ in the United States a month ago.
20. Tom's airplane (arrive)_________________ at the airport at 6:05 p.m yesterday.
MINI TEST #3
USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT, PRESENT CONTINUOUS OR SIMPLE PAST (REGULAR AND
IRREGULAR VERBS)
1. I (get) ____________ up at 8:00 yesterday morning.
2. Mary (talk) ______________ to John on the phone last night.
3. Mary (talk) ______________ to John on the phone right now.
4. Mary (talk) ______________ to John on the phone everyday.
5. Jim and I (eat) _____________ lunch at the cafeteria 2 hours ago.
6. We (eat, not) ____________________ lunch in the cafeteria everyday.
7. I (go) ___________ to be early last night.
8. Usually, I (go) ___________________ to bed at 8:00pm.
9. My roommate (study) ___________________ Spanish this year.
10. _________ you (study) ________________ Spanish or French this year?
11. Sue (write) ____________ a letter to her parents yesterday.
12. She (write) ____________ to her parents once a week.
13. Last week, she (be) _________ very busy and she (write, not) __________________
________________ them a letter. They (call) _____________ her because
they (be) _____________ very worried.
14. Alice (smoke) __________________ Craven A cigarrettes.
15. ________ Mark (come) ____________ home at midnight last night?
16. Our teacher (stand) __________________ in the middle of the room right now.
She usually (sit) ________________ at her desk when talking to us.
_______
20
MINI-TEST #3c
Complete the sentences using the Simple Present, Present Continuous or Simple Past:
1) My mom ______________ (be) in Germany in 1964.
2) Marko ___________ (sleep) well at night.
3) We _________________ (correct) a test right now.
4) John and Mary _____________ (be) in Tunis last summer.
5) Mary ___________________ (stay) up all night last night writing her essay.
6) Susan ___________________ (attend) Zagreb University this year.
7) Martin __________ (love) school.
8) Joseph and Tomas_____________ (work) at the Coca-Cola company.
9) Look! Nancy ______________ (drive) in a new car?!
10) My grandma ______________ (talk) to my other grandma for 1 hour yesterday.
Test A ________
10
MINI-TEST #3c
1) We ____________ (arrive) in America in 1950.

2) Janice ______________ (write) beautiful poems.
3) Marija and Nikolin ___________ (go) to be late every night.
4) Shhh! My son ________________ (sleep) at the moment. He is very tired.
5) My dad and I ___________________ (see) Steve at the party last weekend.
6) Sandra _____________________ (attend) a sports camp last summer.
7) I _____________ (walk) to school every morning.
8) We ______________ (be) in grade 7 last year.
9) My brother and sister _________________ (drive) to school together yesterday.
10)The dogs ______________ (eat) now. Don't disturb them.
Test B ________
10
MINI-TEST #3b
1) James Cook ______________ (come) to Australia in 1778.

2) ________ you ____________ (dream) every night?
3) We _________________ (write) a test right now.
4) Agatha Christie _____________ (be) a famous writer.
5) Mary ___________________ (sleep, not) at all last night.
6) Kathy and Bobby ___________________ (attend) Zagreb University this year.
7) ________ Martin ___________ (go) to Sally's party last Saturday?
8) Joseph _____________ (work) for the Coca-Cola company.
9) Look! _________ that Nancy ______________ (drive) a new car?!
10) My mom and I ______________ (talk) on the phone for 2 hours yesterday.
Test A ________
10
MINI-TEST #3b
1) The Puritans ____________ (arrive) in America in 1620.

2) Agatha Christie ______________ (write) detective novels.
3) ________ Marija ___________ (go) to bed late every night?
4) Tony ________________ (sleep) at the moment. He is very tired.
5) My dad and I ___________________ (see, not) Steve at the party last weekend.
6) Sandra _____________________ (attend) a sports camp this summer.
7) _______ you _____________ (walk) to school yesterday morning?
8) We ______________ (be) in grade 7 last year.
9) My brother and sister _________________ (drive) to school together every morning.
10) Shhh! _________ someone _____________ (knock) at the door?
Test B ________
10
IRREGULAR VERBS
INFINITIVE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

Be
Become
Begin
Break
Bring
Buy
Catch
Choose
Come
Cut
Do
Drink
Drive
Eat
Fall
Feel
Find
Fly
Get
Give
Go
Have
Hear
Hide
Keep
Know
Leave
Lose
Make
Meet
Pay
Put
Read
Ride
Ring
Run
Say
See
Sell
Send
Sit
Steal
Swim
Take
Tell
Think
Understand
Wear
Win
Write
Definition: a) The past continuous shows that an activity was in progress (was happening) at a particular
time in the past when another activity took place. In other words, 2 actions occurred at the
same time, but one action began earlier and was in progress when the other action
occurred.
(Ovo je prolo vrijeme koje pokazuje da je neka radnja bila u toku u odreeno vrijeme
u prolosti kada se je druga radnja dogodila. Drugim rijeima, 2 radnje su se dogodile
u isto vrijeme, ali jedna radnja je poela prije druge radnje i bila je u toku kada se je
druga radnja dogodila.)
Examples: 1. While I was talking on the phone, someone knocked at the door.
(Dok sam razgovarala na telefonu, netko je pokucao na vrata.)
2. I was walking home from school when it began to rain.

(etala sam kui iz kole, kada je poelo kiiti.)
PRESENT
PAST FUTURE
Definition: b) Sometimes, the past continuous is used in both parts of a sentence when 2 actions are in
progress simultaneously.
(Ponekad se past continuous koristi u oba dijela reenice. To se dogaa kada su 2 radnje
u toku istodobno.)
Example: 1. While I was preparing dinner in the kitchen, Ivica was watching TV in the
living room.
(Dok sam pripremala veeru u kuhinji, Ivica je gledao televiziju u dnevno sobi.)
Definition: c) In some cases, the simple past and the past continuous have almost the same meaning.
(U nekim sluajevima, simple past i past continuous imaju skoro isto znaenje.)
Examples: 1. It snowed this morning. (Snjeilo je jutros.)

2. It was snowing this morning. (Snjeilo je jutros.)
Key Words:
While
When
As
What were you doing?

What was he doing?
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
POSITIVE SUBJECT + VERB TO BE IN THE PAST + MAIN VERB + ING
(SUBJEKT + GL. BITI U PROLOSTI + GL. GLAGOL + ING)

FORM
4
I WAS PLAYING
YOU WERE
HE WAS
SHE WAS
IT WAS
WE WERE
YOU WERE
THEY WERE
SUBJECT + VERB TO BE IN THE PAST + NOT + MAIN VERB + ING

NEGATIVE
FORM (SUBJEKT + GLAGOL BITI U PROLOSTI + NOT + GL. GLAGOL + ING)
5
I WAS NOT PLAYING

YOU WERE
HE WAS
SHE WAS
IT WAS
WE WERE
YOU WERE
THEY WERE
VERB TO BE IN THE PAST + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + ING

QUESTION
FORM (GLAGOL BITI U PROLOSTI + SUBJEKT + GLAVNI GLAGOL + ING)
4
WAS I PLAYING ?
WERE YOU ?
WAS HE ?
WAS SHE ?
WAS IT ?
WERE WE ?
WERE YOU ?
WERE THEY ?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS VS. PAST CONTINUOUS

SUBJEKT + GLAGOL BITI + GLAVNI + ING SUBJEKT + GLAGOL BITI + GLAVNI + ING
U GLAGOL U GLAGOL
SADANJOSTI PROLOSTI
I am studying. I was studying.

He is studying. He was studying.
We are studying. We were studying.
What am I doing? What were you doing?

What are you doing? What was he doing?
What is he doing?
Radnja (jedna) se dogaa Dvije radnje su se dogodile

upravo sada. istodobno, ali jedna je poela
prije druge i ta druga radnja
je presjekla prvu.
Ako dobijete 2 glagola u jednoj reenici, kako ete znati gdje se glagol pie u Past
Continuous-u a gdje u Simple Past-u?:
While I _________________ (drive) home, I _________________ (witness) an accident.
** Ako je kljuna rije WHILE (ili AS), onda na prvu praznu crtu (prema desno) piete
glagol u PAST CONTINUOUS-u a onda na drugu praznu crtu piete glagol u Simple Past-
u.
To jest:
While I was driving (drive) home, I witnessed (witness) an accident.
==========================================================
I ____________________ (drive) home, when I _________________ (witness) an accident.
** Ako je kljuna rije WHEN, onda na prvu praznu crtu (prema desno) piete glagol u SIMPLE
PAST a onda na drugu praznu crtu piete glagol u Past Continuous-u.
To jest:
I was driving (drive) home, when I witnessed (witness) an accident.
PRACTISE EXAMPLES USING THE PAST CONTINUOUS:
(eat) 1. While Robert ________________________ dinner, Ann came through the door.
(shovel) 2. While John ________________________ snow in his driveway, his wife brought him
a cup of coffee.
(argue) 3. When I walked into the room, my brother and sister __________________________
about something.
(climb) 4. Stanley ___________________________ the stairs when he tripped and fell.
MINI TEST #4A

USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT, PRESENT CONTINUOUS, SIMPLE PAST OR PAST CONTINUOUS:
(go) 1. Yesterday, Martin ______________ to Europe.
(write) 2. I ________________ a test right now.
(rain) 3. It ________________ when I left home.
(greet) 4. Henry ________________ Mrs. Smith last night at the meeting.
(snow) 5A: ________ it _______________ when you arrived?

B: No, it __________________ when I arrived.
(help) 6. Joanna _____________ her mother in the kitchen everyday after school.
(pray) 7. I ______________ for my family in church last Sunday.
(visit) 8. _______ Karlo ____________ Dubrovnik two summers ago? _____

10
(eat) 9. They _____________ a big dinner last night.
MINI TEST #4B

USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT, PRESENT CONTINUOUS, SIMPLE PAST OR PAST CONTINUOUS:
(have) 1. We ____________ a great time at the part last night.
(type) 2. At this moment, I __________________ a test for my grade 8 students.
(rain) 3. A: _________ it ______________ when you left home?

B: No, ____________________ when I left my house.
(wash) 4. Joanna __________________ the dishes when she cut her finger on a knife.
(help) 5. Martin ______________ his dad fix the car yesterday.
(work) 6. My mom __________ very hard everyday.
(pray, not) 7. I _________________ every night before I go to bed, but I should.
(see) 8. ________ you _________ our biology teacher yesterday? _____

She looked terrible! 10
(be) 9, They __________ in the Bahama's 3 years ago.
DEFINITION: A) The Present Perfect expresses that an activity or situation (something) happened
(or did not happen) before now, at an unspecified time in the past. The exact time it
happened is not important. If there is a specific mention of time, then the Simple Past is
used.
(Present Perfect govori o situaciji koja se dogodila (ili nije dogodila) prije sada,
u neodreenom vremenu u prolosti. Nije vano znati ili naglasiti kada se je neto tono
dogodilo. Ako se spominje tono vrijeme dogaaja, onda se koristi Simple Past vrijeme.)
PRESENT
PAST FUTURE
EXAMPLES: 1. I have seen that movie before. (Vidio sam taj film prije.)
2. Kathy has already eaten lunch. (Kathy je ve ruala.)
3. We have never been to China. (Nikada nismo bili u Kini.)
DEFINITION: B) The Present Perfect often expresses that an activity was repeated several times
or many times in the past. The exact time of each repetition is not known and
it is not important.
(Present Perfect se takoer koristi kada govorimo o situaciji koja se je ponovila

ee ili vie puta (najmanje 2x) u prolosti. Tono vrijeme ponavljanja se ne zna
i nije vano.)
PRESENT
PAST FUTURE
EXAMPLES: 1. We have read 4 novels since the beginning of this school year.
(Proitali smo 4 lektire od poetka ove kolske godine.)
2. Sandra has been to Germany 5 times. (Sandra je bila u Njemakoj 5 puta.)
3. I have seen that movie several times. (Vidio sam taj film vie puta.)
DEFINITION C) When the Present Perfect is used with SINCE or FOR, it expresses a situation
that began in the past and continues to the present.
(Kada se rijei SINCE ili FOR koriste sa Present Perfect, onda to pokazuje da je
radnja ili situacija poela u prolosti i nastavlja do sadanjosti.)
PRESENT
PAST FUTURE
EXAMPLES: 1. I have known Sabrina since grade 1. (Poznajem Sabrinu od prvog razreda.)
2. Prof. Rose Doen has lived in Gospi since 1998. (Prof. Rose Doen ivi u
Gospiu od 1998. godine.)
3. She has been here for 13 years, (Ovdje je 13 godina.)
4. I have had this same pair of shoes for 3 years. (Imam ove iste cipele
3 godine.)
KEY WORDS:
Since Many times

For Several times
A couple of times
Before Once
Already Twice
Just 3 times, etc.
Not yet
I n my lifetime Never
Have you ever? (Jesi li ikada.?)
How long have you ..? (Koliko dugo.?)
THE PRESENT PERFECT -- REGULAR VERBS
POSITIVE SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (VERB + ED)

FORM
SUBJEKT + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (GLAGOL + ED)
4
I HAVE PLAYED
YOU HAVE
HE HAS
SHE HAS
IT HAS
WE HAVE
YOU HAVE
THEY HAVE
NEGATIVE SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE

FORM SUBJEKT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE
5
I HAVE NOT PLAYED

YOU HAVE
HE HAS
SHE HAS
IT HAS
WE HAVE
YOU HAVE
THEY HAVE
HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE

QUESTION
FORM HAVE/HAS + SUBJEKT + PAST PARTICIPLE
4
HAVE I PLAYED ?
HAVE YOU ?
HAS HE ?
HAS SHE ?
HAS IT ?
HAVE WE ?
HAVE YOU ?
HAVE THEY ?
THE PRESENT PERFECT -- IRREGULAR VERBS
POSITIVE SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (3rd ROW)
SUBJEKT + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (3. RED TABLICE)

FORM
3
I HAVE SEEN
YOU HAVE
HE HAS
SHE HAS
IT HAS
WE HAVE
YOU HAVE
THEY HAVE
NEGATIVE SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE

FORM SUBJEKT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE
4
I HAVE NOT SEEN

YOU HAVE
HE HAS
SHE HAS
IT HAS
WE HAVE
YOU HAVE
THEY HAVE
HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE

QUESTION
FORM HAVE/HAS + SUBJEKT + PAST PARTICIPLE
3
HAVE I SEEN ?
HAVE YOU ?
HAS HE ?
HAS SHE ?
HAS IT ?
HAVE WE ?
HAVE YOU ?
HAVE THEY ?
PRACTISE EXAMPLES USING THE PRESENT PERFECT
(know) 1. Bob and Jane are old friends. They ___________________ each other for
a long time.
(live) 2. I _____________________ in Gospi for 3 years.
(be) 3. Mario _________ never __________ to Germany.
(see) 4. ________ you ____________ that film before?
(work) 5. She ____________________ for him many times.
(speak) 6. _________ Alan ever _____________ to Professor Alston?
(have) 7. I _____________________ several part-time jobs.
(do, not) 8. In my lifetime, I ___________________ many good things.
(write) 9. Since the semester began, we ___________________ 4 tests.
(buy, not) 10. Patricia _______________________ any new clothes for a long time.
M I N I T E S T #6
SIMPLE PRESENT
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE PAST ( REGULAR & IRREGULAR VERBS )
PAST CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT
( BLOW ) 1. The wind _________________ hard when I came to work this morning.
( READ ) 2. I ________________ two books last week.
( WEAR ) 3. Jacqueline ___________________ that coat many times.
( FLY ) 4. Mr. Mlinarevi ______________ to Dallas right now.
( PLAY) 5. _________they ________________ soccer with us before?
(SIT ) 6. I usually ________________ at this table.
( MOVE ) 7. __________ Mark and Mary ____________ into their new house last
Monday?
( BE ) 8. I ________________ to Zadar 5 times.
(BE) 9. I _____________ in Zagreb last weekend.
(GO, NOT)10. Sarah ___________________ to the party last night.
(LIKE) 11. Ilija _____________ Ana, but Ana (LIKE, NOT) __________________ Ilija.
(TAKE) 12. The Anderson family _______________ a long vacation last summer.
(STUDY) 13. While my friends ________________________ for the test, I was at the
movies. That is why I failed the test!
(CALL) 14. ___________ you _______________ me a few minutes ago?
(WAIT) 15. ___________ your brother ___________ for us now? ______

16
DEFINITION: A) The Present Perfect Continous is used to indicate the duration of an activity that
began in the past and continues to the present. With this tense, a person wishes
to stress the duration of time.
(Present Perfect Continuous koristi se kada elimo naglasiti koliko dugo neka radnja
traje. Radnja je poela u prolosti i traje do sadanjosti.).
EXAMPLES: 1. I have been sitting here for 3 hours waiting for the doctor!
2 .It has been raining all day!
PRESENT
PAST FUTURE
DEFINITION: B) When this tense is used without any specific mention of time, it expresses a
general activity in progress recently (lately).
(Kada se PPC koristi u reenici, a odreeno vrijeme se ne spominje u reenici, onda

radnja ili aktivnost je u toku od neodavno.)
EXAMPLES: 1. I have been thinking about changing the date of my party. Maybe Friday evening
is not a good day. Saturday is probably better.
2. Mark has been sleeping on the floor lately because his back hurts and his bed is too soft.
PRESENT
PAST FUTURE
DEFINITION: C) With certain verbs (especially live, work and teach), there is little or no difference
in meaning between the two tenses (present perfect and present perfect continous)
when since or for is used.
(S nekim glagolima LIVE, WORK i TEACH nema velike razlike u znaenju bez obzira
da li se koristi Present Perfect ili Present Perfect Continuous kada se rijei SINCE ili FOR
koriste u reenici. Bolje je koristiti PPC kada se ovi glagoli spominju u reenici.)
KEY WORDS:
Since
For
All morning!
All day!
All week!
Etc.
THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + MAIN VERB + ING
SUBJEKT + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + GLAVNI GLAGOL + ING

POSITIVE
FORM
5
I HAVE BEEN STUDYING

YOU HAVE
HE HAS
SHE HAS
IT HAS
WE HAVE
YOU HAVE
THEY HAVE
NEGATIVE SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + BEEN + MAIN VERB + ING

FORM SUBJEKT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + BEEN + GLAVNI GLAGOL + ING
6
I HAVE NOT BEEN STUDYING

YOU HAVE
HE HAS
SHE HAS
IT HAS
WE HAVE
YOU HAVE
THEY HAVE
HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + BEEN + MAIN VERB + ING

QUESTION
FORM HAVE/HAS + SUBJEKT + BEEN + GLAVNI GLAGOL + ING
5
HAVE I BEEN STUDYING ?

HAVE YOU ?
HAS HE ?
HAS SHE ?
HAS IT ?
HAVE WE ?
HAVE YOU ?
HAVE THEY ?
Practise examples using the present perfect continuous tense:
(Play) 1. The boys are playing soccer right now. They ________________________ for almost 2 hours.
They must be getting tired.
(Talk) 2. Alex is talking on the phone. He ______________________ on the phone for over an hour!
Who is he talking to?!
(Try) 3. I am trying to study. I _______________________ to study for the last half hour,but
something always seems to interrupt me. I think it would be best if I just went to the library.
(Wait) 4. This is ridiculous! Sandra and I _________________________ for the secretary for more
than an hour.
M I N I T E S T #8a
SIMPLE PRESENT
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE PAST ( REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS )
PAST CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
( WATCH ) 1. Sarah _____________________ TV at the moment.
(LIVE) 2. Caroline _______________________ in California since October. She loves it there.
( STUDY ) 3. I _________________ chapter 2 last week.
( STUDY, NOT ) 4. I _________________________ yet __________________ chapter 3.
( WORK ) 5. While Mark __________________, the electricity went out.
(HAVE) 6. _________ you ever _____________ the chicken pox?
( DO, NOT ) 7. Helen ______________ all her chores yesterday.
(HELP) 8. Mary always _____________ her mom bake cookies.
( LIKE ) 9. A: ___________ she __________ Mark ?

B: No, she ________________________ Mark. She __________ Tom.
( BE ) 10. A: ____________ you ever ______________ to Africa ?

B: Yes,I __________ . I ( go ) _________ in 1966.
( WALK ) 11. We ___________________ down the street, when it began to rain.
(DRINK) 12. Hurry up! You ________________________ that coffee for an hour! When are you
going to finish it?.
DEFINITION: The Simple Future talks about something that will happen or is intended
to happen. WILL and BE GOING TO are used to refer to a specific
time in the future.
(Simple Future je budue vrijeme koje pokazuje da e se neto dogoditi
ili se namjerava dogoditi u budunosti. WILL i BE GOING TO
koriste se kada govorimo o odreenom vremenu u budunosti.)
Although WILL and BE GOING TO can sometimes be used

interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings.
(Iako se WILL i BE GOING TO mogu koristiti naizmjenino, esto
izraavaju dva razliita znaenja.)
WILL is used / WILL se koristi:

a) when making promises / kada neto obeajemo:
Examples: 1. I will marry you.

2. I will not (won't) tell anyone your secret.
b) when making a spontaneous (unplanned) decision or express voluntary action:

(Use will when you offar to do something for someone; respond to someone's
request for help; request that someone help you or do something for you. If you
refuse to voluntarily do something, then use won't/will not.)
kada donosimo spontanu (neplaniranu) odluku ili izraavamo dobrovoljni in:

(Koristimo will kada ponudite nekome neto napraviti; odgovorite na neiju molbu za pomo;
zatraite pomo i zatraite da vam netko neto napravi. Ako samovoljno odbijete neto uiniti,
onda koristite will not / won't.)
Examples: 1. Don't worry! I will help you.

2. Will you make me a cup of coffee, please?
3. A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.
4. I will not clean this house by myself!
c) when talking about habits / kada govorimo o navikama:
Examples: 1. Mary will always bite her nails if she is nervous.

2. John will get heartburn if he eats onions.
(First Conditional)
________________________________________________________________________
**NEVER use will when talking about something that somebody has already decided to do in the future.
These are fixed social or travel plans for the future. With these sentences, you use The Present
Continuous Tense and you must use a time expression such as tomorrow, next week, etc.
**NIKADA ne koristite will kada govorite o neemu to je netko ve odluio napraviti u budunosti.
Ovo su budui fiksni drutveni planovi i planovi za putovanja. S ovakvim reenicama, koristite Present
Continuous i morate koristiti rijei koje izraavaju budue vrijeme kao sutra, slijedei tjedan, itd.
Examples: 1. Tina is moving to New York next month.

(Don't say: Tina will move to New York next month.)
2.What are you doing tonight? I am meeting Steve after work.
(What will you do tonight? I will meet Steve after work.)
BE GOING TO is used / BE GOING TO se koristi
a) to express a plan something a person intends to do in the future /
da izrazimo plan neto to netko namjerava uiniti u budunosti:
Examples: 1. Michelle is going to begin university in September.

2. We are going to go to Zadar on Saturday.
WILL or BE GOING TO is used / WILL ili BE GOING TO se koriste

a) to express a prediction based on experience or intuition /
da izrazimo predvianje prema iskustvu ili intuiciji:
Examples: 1a) John Doe will be the next President.

1b) John Doe is going to be the next President.
2a) Look at the sky. It will rain today.

2b) Look at the sky. It is going to rain today.
**In these examples, there is no difference in meaning.

**Znaenje je isto prema ovim primjerima.
_________________________________________________________________________
PRESENT
PAST FUTURE
KEY WORDS:
TOMORROW NEXT IN
Tomorrow morning Next week In 2 minutes

afternoon month 4 hours
evening year 7 days
night winter 1 week
Monday 9 months
etc. 3 years
etc.
*Later on *Tonight
Later on today
Later on tonight *This evening
afternoon
evening
*From now on etc.
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE -- WILL
POSITIVE SUBJECT + WILL + MAIN VERB
SUBJEKT + WILL + GLAVNI GLAGOL

FORM
3
I WILL PLAY
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
NEGATIVE SUBJECT + WILL + NOT + MAIN VERB

FORM SUBJEKT + WILL + NOT + GLAVNI GLAGOL
4
I WILL NOT PLAY

YOU
HE
SHE ** Will not = Won't
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
WILL + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB

QUESTION
FORM WILL + SUBJEKT + GLAVNI GLAGOL
3
WILL I PLAY ?
YOU ?
HE ?
SHE ?
IT ?
WE ?
YOU ?
THEY ?
THE SIMPLE FUTURE -- BE GOING TO
POSITIVE Subject + verb to be in the present + going to + main verb
(Subjekt + glagol biti u sadanjosti + going to + glavni glagol)

FORM
4
I AM GOING TO PLAY
YOU ARE
HE IS
SHE IS
IT IS
WE ARE
YOU ARE
THEY ARE
NEGATIVE Subject + verb to be in the present + not + going to + main verb

FORM (Subjekt + glagol biti u sadanjosti + not + going to + glavni glagol)
5
I AM NOT GOING TO PLAY

YOU ARE
HE IS
SHE IS
IT IS
WE ARE
YOU ARE
THEY ARE
Verb to be in the present + subject + going to + main verb

QUESTION
FORM (Glagol biti u sadanjosti + subjekt + going to + glavni glagol)
4
AM I GOING TO PLAY ?
ARE YOU ?
IS HE ?
IS SHE ?
IS IT ?
ARE WE ?
ARE YOU ?
ARE THEY ?
POSITIVE Subject + verb to be in the present + going to + main verb

FORM (Subjekt + glagol biti u sadanjosti + going to + glavni glagol)
I AM GOING TO DRINK
YOU ARE GOING TO TAKE
HE IS GOING TO GO
NEGATIVE Subject + verb to be in the present + not + going to + main verb

FORM (Subjekt + glagol biti u sadanjosti + not + going to + glavni glagol)
I AM NOT GOING TO SING
YOU ARE NOT GOING TO SLEEP
HE IS NOT GOING TO BE
Practise examples using the simple future tense (will):
(Buy) 1. Sabrina ______________________ a new car this month.
(Have) 2. ________ you ___________ enough money for your car insurance next month?
(Be) 3. Sarah ______________________ at home tomorrow evening.
(Watch, not) 4. I __________________________ that dumb movie tonight!
(Visit) 5. John and Kathy ___________________________ thier grandmother next Sunday.
Practise examples using the simple future tense (be going to):
(Buy) 1. Sabrina ______________________ a new car this month.
(Have) 2. ________ you ___________ enough money for your car insurance next month?
(Be) 3. Sarah ______________________ at home tomorrow evening.
(Watch, not) 4. I __________________________ that dumb movie tonight!
(Visit) 5. John and Kathy ___________________________ thier grandmother next Sunday.
M I N I T E S T #6
SIMPLE PRESENT
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE FUTURE ( WILL & BE GOING TO )
( BUY,BE GOING TO ) 3. Jacqueline _______________________ that coat tomorrow.
( PLAY,BE GONIG TO ) 5. ______________ they ________________ soccer with us

tonight?
(SIT ) 6. I ________________ at this table usually.
( BE ) 8. Tomorrow, I ________________ in Zadar at 10:00.
(BE, NOT, BE GOING TO) 9. I __________________________ in Zagreb tomorrow.
(ATTEND, NOT, BE GOING TO) 10. Sarah ________________________ class next week
(CALL) 14. ___________ you _______________ me tomorrow night?
(WAIT) 15. ___________ your brother ___________ for us after the show finishes
tonight?
M I N I T E S T #6
SIMPLE PRESENT
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE PAST ( REGULAR & IRREGULAR VERBS )
PAST CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE FUTURE ( WILL & BE GOING TO )
( BLOW ) 1. The wind _________________ hard when I came to work this morning.
( READ ) 2. I ________________ two books last week.
( BUY,BE GOING TO ) 3. Jacqueline _______________________ that coat tomorrow.
( PLAY,BE GONIG TO ) 5. ______________ they ________________ soccer with us

tonight?
(SIT ) 6. I ________________ at this table usually.
( MOVE ) 7. __________ Mark and Mary ____________ into their new house last
Monday?
( BE ) 8. Tomorrow, I ________________ in Zadar at 10:00.
(BE, NOT, BE GOING TO) 9. I __________________________ in Zagreb tomorrow.
(ATTEND, NOT, BE GOING TO) 10. Sarah ________________________ class next week
(TAKE) 12. The Anderson family _______________ a long vacation last summer.
(STUDY) 13. While my friends ________________________ for the test, I was at the
movies. That is why I failed the test!
(CALL) 14. ___________ you _______________ me tomorrow night?
(WAIT) 15. ___________ your brother ___________ for us after the show finishes
tonight?
DEFINITION: The Past Perfect expresses that an activity was completed (began and finished)
before another activity (or time) in the past.
(Past Perfect pokazuje da se jedna radnja dogodila (poela i zavrila) prije druge
radnje ili vremena u prolosti.)
EXAMPLES: 1. My parents had already eaten lunch by the time I got home.
(Moji roditelji su ve ruali dok sam ja doao kui.)
2. Sam had finished his homework by the time Joseph came over.
(Sam je zavrio svoju zadau dok je Josip doao k njemu.)
3. I had finished making lunch by 1:00.

(Zavrila sam praviti ruak do 13:00.)
PRESENT
PAST FUTURE
KEY WORDS:
Already
By the time
* Before
* After
* Ako se before ili after upotrebljavaju u reenici, onda nije potrebno koristiti Past Perfect jer se zna da
se je neto dogodilo prije neke druge radnje. U tom sluaju, moe se Simple Past upotrebiti.
Npr. a) Sam had left before we got there.

b) Sam left before we got there.
c) After the guests had left, I went to bed.

d) After the guests left, I went to bed.
THE PAST PERFECT -- REGULAR VERBS
POSITIVE SUBJECT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE (VERB + ED)

FORM
SUBJEKT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE (GLAGOL + ED)
4
I HAD PLAYED
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
NEGATIVE SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE

FORM SUBJEKT + HAD + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE
5
I HAD NOT PLAYED

YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
HAD + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE

QUESTION
FORM HAD + SUBJEKT + PAST PARTICIPLE
4
HAD I PLAYED ?
YOU ?
HE ?
SHE ?
IT ?
WE ?
YOU ?
THEY ?
THE PAST PERFECT -- IRREGULAR VERBS
POSITIVE SUBJECT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE (3rd ROW)

FORM
3 SUBJEKT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE (3. RED TABLICE)
I HAD SEEN
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
NEGATIVE SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE

FORM SUBJEKT + HAD + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE
4
I HAD NOT SEEN

YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
HAD + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE

QUESTION
FORM HAD + SUBJEKT + PAST PARTICIPLE
3
HAD I SEEN ?
YOU ?
HE ?
SHE ?
IT ?
WE ?
YOU ?
THEY ?
M I N I T E S T #8
SIMPLE PRESENT
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE PAST ( REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS )
PAST CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE FUTURE ( WILL AND BE GOING TO )
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
( WATCH ) 1. Sarah _____________________ TV at the moment.
( LEAVE ) 2. The students _____________________ by the time the teacher arrived.
( STUDY ) 3. I _________________ chapter 2 last week.
( STUDY, NOT ) 4. I _________________________ yet __________________ chapter 3.
( WORK ) 5. While Mark __________________, the electricity went out.
( BE ) 6. _________ you ____________ home tomorrow night.
( DO ) 7. Helen ______________ all her chores yesterday.
( FINISH ) 8. A: ______________ you _______________ your work by the time your

parents got home ?
B: No, I __________________ my work by the time they got home.
( LIKE ) 9. A: ___________ she __________ Mark ?

B: No, she ________________________ Mark. She __________ Tom.
( BE ) 10. A: ____________ you ever ______________ to Africa ?

B: Yes,I __________ . I ( go ) _________ in 1966.
( WALK ) 11. We ___________________ down the street, when it began to rain.
( WAIT, BE GOING TO ) 12. I ________________________ for you after school today.
( LEND ) 13. ___________ John ____________ Joseph 500 kn yesterday ?
( TAKE ) 14. _______ Andrea ____________ a shower now ?
( FIX, NOT ) 15. I ______________________ your car later on today .I'm too busy.
_________
20
SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS
-- sadanje vrijeme koje -- prolo vrijeme koje pokazuje -- sadanje vrijeme koje -- prolo vrijeme koje pokazuje
pokazuje to radimo svaki da se je neto dogodilo u pokazuje da se neto da su se 2 radnje dogodile
dan, ponekad, inae, itd. 1 odreeno vrijeme u dogaa upravo sada istodobno u odreeno vrijeme,
prolosti. (u trenutku govorenja). ali 1 radnja je poela prije 2.
-- pria o injenicama i i bila je u toku kada se je
navikama. -- dogaaj je poeo i zavrio. -- esto, neka aktivnost moe 2. radnje dogodila.
biti u toku: ovaj tjedan, ovaj (esto je 2. radnja presjekla
********************************** -- znate kada se je neto mjesec, itd. 1. radnju.)
dogodilo.
**moe se koristiti u buduem vremenu ************************************** -- moe se dogoditi da su se 2
kada govorimo o buduim dogaajima **koristi pravilne i radnje dogaale istodobno,
nad kojima mi nemamo kontrole. nepravilne glagole. **moe se koristiti u buduem vremenu kada ali nijedna nije presjekla
Inae se pria a rasporedima, planovima netko pria o svojim buduim planovima. drugu.
ili uputama. Npr. To su fiksni planovi koji su ve unaprijed
a) His father retires in September. dogovoreni (npr. putovanje, drutveni planovi)
b) Christmas is on Sunday this year.
-- Everyday, every week, ..... -- Yesterday, yesterday morning -- Now, right now, at this time, -- While
yesterday afternoon, ....... at this moment.
-- Always, usually, often, -- As
sometimes, seldom, rarely, -- Last night, last week, -- Look!, Listen!, Shhh!
never. last Monday, ........ -- When
-- What are you doing?
-- Once, twice, 3 times, ..... -- A month ago, 2 weeks ago, What is he doing? -- What were you doing?
10 days ago, ....... -- What was he doing?
-- How often do you...?
How often does he..? -- In 1995, in March, in the
wintertime, .......
SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS
Za pravilne gl. (poz. oblik):
Subjekt + glavni glagol + ' ed'

Subjekt + glavni glagol I Subjekt + am/is/are + glavni glagol + 'ing'
You Subjekt + was/were + gl. glagol + 'ing'
I He
I am working I
You She worked
We work
It He was working
We He She
They You She is working It
They It
He
She works/kisses We
Za nepravilne gl. (poz. oblik): We You were working
It You are working They
Subjekt + 2. red tablice They
I
You
Subjekt + do/does + not + glavni glagol He Subjekt + am/is/are + not + gl. glagol + 'ing'
She went Subjekt + was/were + not + gl..glag. + 'ing'
I It
We I am not working I
You do not work
We You He was not working
They He She
They :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: She is not working It
It
He Njeni i upitni oblik pravilnih
She does not work We
i nepravilnih glagola We You were not working
It You are not working They
Subjekt + did + not + glavni glagol They
I
Do/does + subjekt + glavni glagol You Am/is/are + subjekt + gl. glagol + 'ing' Was/were + subjekt + gl. glagol + 'ing'
He
I She did not work I
It did not go Am I working......?
Do you work.....? Was he working......?
We
we You he she
they They Is she working......? it
it
he Did + subjekt + glavni glagol we
Does she work.....? I we Were you working......?
It you Are you working......? they
he the
Did she work...?
Did it go.....?
we
you
they
PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS SIMPLE FUTURE PAST PERFECT
-- pokazuje da se je neto -- radnja je poela u prolosti -- budue vrijeme -- -- pokazuje da se jedna radnja
dogodilo (ili nije) u ali jo traje. Sa PPC eli -- WILL i BE GOING TO se koriste kako bi se dogodila (poela i zavrila)
neodreenom vremenu u naglasiti koliko dugo neka izrazili na buduem vremenu. prije druge radnje (ili vremena)
prolosti. radnja traje. Iako se mogu koristiti naizmjenino, esto u prolosti.
-- Nije vano znati kada se je imaju 2 razliita znaenja
neto dogodilo. **Kada se koriste glagoli -- WILL koristimo kada:
-- PP esto koristimo kada live, work i teach onda a) neto obeavamo
govorimo o situaciji koja je bolje koristiti PPC b) donosimo spontanu ili neplaniranu
se je ponovila ee ili vie umjesto PP, iako imaju odluku
puta u prolosti. Nije vano isto znaenje. c) izraavamo dobrovoljni in
naglasiti kada. d) kada govorimo o navikama
-- kada se SINCE i FOR (Prvi kondicional)
koriste s PP onda to -- BE GOING TO koristimo kada:
pokazuje da je radnja ili a) izraavamo planto namjeravamo
situacija poela u prolosti raditi ili uinitI
i traje do sadanjosti. --WILL i BE GOING TO (bilo koji) kada:
a) predvidimo neto prema iskustvu / intuiciji
-- Since, For -- Since -- Tomorrow -- Later on -- Already
-- Before, already, just, yet, -- Since 8:00! Tomorrow morning Later on today -- By the time
in my lifetime, ....... Tomorrow evening etc.
-- Many times, several times, -- For etc * -- Before
a couple of times, once, -- For 3 hours! -- Next week -- From now on * -- After
twice, 3 times, ........ -- For 2 weeks! Next month
-- Never Next year
-- Have you ever ....? -- All morning! etc.
-- Has he ever ......? -- All day! -- In 2 minutes
-- How long have you .....? In 5 days
-- How long has he ......? etc.
_____________________________ __________________________
PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS SIMPLE FUTURE PAST PERFECT

Za pravilne glagole: Will: Za pravilne glagole:
Subjekt + have/has + gl.glagol + 'ed' Subject + will + glavni glagol Subjekt + had + glavni glagol + 'ed'
I I I
You have worked You He
We Subjekt + have/has + been + gl.gl. + 'ing' He She
They She will work It had worked
It We
He I We You
She has worked You have been working They They
It We Subject + will + not + glavni glagol
Subjekt + have/has + not + gl.glagol + 'ed' I Subjekt + have/has + not + gl.glagol + 'ed'
They You
I I
You have not worked He He
We He She will not work **Will not = Won't She had not worked
They She has been working It It
We We
It They
He You
She has not worked Will + subject + glavni glagol They
It I
Have/has + subjekt + gl.glagol + 'ed' you Have/has + subjekt + gl.glagol + 'ed'
I he I
Have you worked...? Will she work......? he
Subj. + have/has + not + been + gl.gl. + 'ing' It
we Had she worked...?
they we it
I they we
he You have not been working Be going to: you
Has she worked...? Subject + glagol biti u + going to + glavni glagol they
We sadanjosti
It
Za ne pravilne glagole: They I am going to work Za ne pravilne glagole:
Subjekt + have/has + 3. red tablice Subjekt + had + 3. red tablice
He He
I I
She is going to work
You have gone She has not been working It
He
We She
They It It had gone
We We
He You are going to work You
She has gone They They
It Subject + glagol biti u + not + going to + gl. glagol
Subjekt + have/has + not + 3.red tablice sadanjosti Subjekt + had + not + 3.red tablice
I Have/has + subjekt + been + gl.gl. + 'ing' I am not going to work I
You have not gone He He
We She is not going to work She had not gone
They I It It
Have you been working...? We We
He we You are not going to work You
She has not gone They They
they Glagol biti u + subject + going to + gl. glagol
It
Have/has + subjekt + 3. red tablice sadanjosti Had + subjekt + 3. red tablice
I he Am I going to work .....? I
Have you gone...? he he
we
Has she been working..? Had she gone...?
Is she going to work .....?
they it it
it
he we
Has she gone...? we you
it they
Are you going to work......?
LIST OF COMMON ADVERBS
An ADVERB modifies a verb. It helps tell how, when or where the action took place. For
example, She ran quickly., She ran yesterday. or She ran to the store.
An adverb can also modify another adverb. For example, She ran very quickly to the store.
Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb

accident accidentally glad gladly regular regularly
almost graceful gracefully repeated repeatedly
always greedy greedily rough roughly
angry angrily happy happily rude rudely
annual annually hasty hastily sad sadly
anxious anxiously honest honestly safe safely
awkward awkwardly hour hourly seldom
bad badly hungry hungrily selfish selfishly
blind blindly innocent innocently serious seriously
bold boldly irritable irritably shaky shakily
brave bravely joyous joyously sharp sharply
brief briefly just justly shy shyly
bright brightly kind kindly silent silently
busy busily lazy lazily sleepy sleepily
calm calmly less slow slowly
careful carefully loose loosely smooth smoothly
careless carelessly loud loudly soft softly
cautious cautiously mad madly sometimes
cheerful cheerfully merry merrily soon
clear clearly month monthly speedy speedily
correct correctly more successful successfully
courageous courageously mysterious mysteriously sudden suddenly
cruel cruelly near nearly suspicious suspiciously
day daily neat neatly tender tenderly
deliberate deliberately nervous nervously tense tensely
doubtful doubtfully never thoughtful thoughtfully
easy easily noisy noisily tight tightly
elegant elegantly not tomorrow
enormous enormously obedient obediently too
enthusiastic enthusiastically obnoxious obnoxiously truthful truthfully
equal equally often unexpected unexpectedly
eventual eventually only only very
exact exactly painful painfully violent violently
faithful faithfully perfect perfectly warm warmly
far polite politely weak weakly
fast fast poor poorly weary wearily
fatal fatally powerful powerfully good well
fierce fiercely prompt promptly wild wildly
fond fondly quick quickly yearly
foolish foolishly quiet quietly yesterday
fortunate fortunately rapid rapidly
frantic frantically rare rarely
gentle gently reckless recklessly
**More adverbs exist and you can add them to this list.
ARTICLES: A/AN THE 0
The difference between A and AN (Razlika izmeu A i AN):
A is used in front of a singular count noun or an adjective that begins with a consonant.
(A se koristi ispred brojne imenice u jednini ili ispred pridjeva koji poinje sa suglasnikom).
Example: 1. a pencil 3. a dog

2. a book 4. a yellow banana
AN is used in front of a singular count noun or an adjective that begines with a vowel.
(AN se koristi ispred brojne imenice u jednini ili ispred pridjeva koji poinje sa samoglasnikom).
Example: 1. an apple 3. an ice cream 5. an ugly dog

2. an egg 4. an orange
** Izuzeci: A university
An hour
An honest man
A (or AN) is used with a singular count noun when talking about one thing (or person) that is
not specific or it is mentioned for the first time in a sentence.
(A ili AN se koriste ispred brojne imenice u jednini kada pria o 1 stvari (ili 1 osobi) koja je neodreena ili se
prvi put spominje u reenici.
Example: 1. I saw a dog in my backyard. (Vidio sam psa u dvoritu.)
(The speaker is saying that he saw 1 dog in his backyard. It is only 1 out of the
whole group of animals called dogs. The speaker does not know this dog.
It was not a specific dog.)
(Govornik je vidio 1 psa u dvoritu. To je 1 iz cijele skupine pasa. Govornik
ne poznaje tog psa. Pas nije odreen.)
2. A dog is a good pet. (Pas je dobar ljubimac.)
(The speaker is making a generalization. He is talking about any dog, all dogs, dogs in
general. Not one dog specifically.)
(Govornik generalizira. Govori o bilo kojem psu, svim psima, openito o psima. Ne govori
o jednom odreenom psu.)
THE is used in front of a singular count noun (ex. the dog), a plural count noun (ex. the dogs) and a noncount
noun (ex. the money) when the speaker and the listener are thinking about the same specific thing.
(THE se koristi ispred brojne imenice u jednini (npr. pas), brojne imenice u mnoini (npr. psi) i
nebrojne imenice (npr. novac) kada govornik i sluatelj misle o istoj odreenoj stvari i osobi.)
Example: 1. The dog is in my yard again! (Pas je opet u mom dvoritu!)
(The listener and speaker are thinking about the same specific dog that was
mentioned before.)
(Sluatelj i govornik misle na istog psa koji je ranije spomenut.)
2. Please turn off the lights. (Molim te, ugasi svijetla.)
(The lights are not mentioned a second time, but the listener knows which
lights the speaker is talking about.)
(Svijetla nisu spomenuta po drugi put , ali sluatelj zna o kojim svijetlima pria govornik.)
THE is also used with / THE se takoer koristi sa:
a) ordinal numbers / rednim brojevima: the first, the second, the third, the fourth...
b) names of seas / imenima mora: The Adriatic Sea, The Black Sea...
c) names of oceans / imenima oceana: The Atlantic Ocean, The Pacific Ocean...
d) names of rivers / imenima rijeka: The Sava River, The River Gacka ...
e) names of people (as a group) / imenima ljudi (kao skupina):
The Pairoa, The Incas ...
f) names of island chains / imenima lanaca otoka: The Bahamas, The Island of Krk,
The 1000 Islands, The Canary Islands ....
g) names of mountain ranges / imenima lanaca planina:
The Rocky Mountains, The Velebit...
h) names of deserts / imenima pustinja: The Sahara Desert, The Atacama Desert ...
i) names of some countries / imenima nekih drava:The USA, The Netherlands, The Philippines,
The Dominican Republic, The United Kingdom
j) names of geographical areas / imenima geog. podruja:
The Middle East, The West...
k) points on the globe / tokama na globusu: The Equator, The North Pole...
l) names of forests / imenima uma: The Black Forest
m) names of gulfs / imenima zaljeva: The Persian Gulf, The Gulf of Mexico...
n) names of peninsulas / imenima poluotoka: The Balkan Peninsula, The Iberian Peninsula...
o) names of a group of lakes / imenima skupine jezera:
The Great Lakes
NO ARTICLE (0) is used with a plural count noun (ex. dogs, pencils,) and with a noncount noun (money,
fruit,).
(LANOVI se ne koriste s brojnim imenicama u mnoini (npr. psi, olovke...) i s nebrojnim imenicama (novac,
voe...).
The speaker is making a generalization. He is talking about any dog, any fruit, all dogs, all fruit, dogs
in general, fruit in general. The speaker is not talking about something specific.
(Govornik generalizira. Govori o bilo kojem psu, bilo kojem vou, svim psima, svakom vou, openito o psima,
openito o vou. Ne govori se o odreenoj stvari ili osobi).
Example: 1. Dogs are good pets. (Psi su dobri ljubimci.)
2. Fruit is good for you. (Voe je dobro za vas.)
NO ARTICLE (0) is also used with / LANOVI se ne koriste sa:
a) names of most countries ili territories / imenima drava ili teritorija:

Italy, Mexico, Bolivia, Croatia...
b) names of cities / imenima gradova: Zagreb, Gospi, Toronto....
c) names of states or provinces / imenima savezni drava ili provincija:
California, Ontario...
d) names of lakes / imenima jezera: Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario...
e) names of mountains / imenima planina: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji...
f) names of continents / imenima kontinenata: Europe, Asia, North America...
g) names of islands / imenima otoka: Maui, Key West...
h) names of parks / imena parkova: Yosemite Park, Maksimir Park
AUXILLIARY VERBS POMONI GLAGOLI
VERB TO BE VERB TO DO VERB TO HAVE
Present Present Present

I am I do I have
You are You do You have
He is He does He has
She is She does She has
It is It does It has
We are We do We have
You are You do You have
They are They do They have
Past Past Past

I was I did I had
You were You did You had
He was He did He had
She was She did She had
It was It did It had
We were We did We had
You were You did You had
They were They did They had
Future Future Future

I will be I will do I will have
You will be You will do You will have
He will be He will do He will have
She will be She will do She will have
It will be It will do It will have
We will be We will do We will have
You will be You will do You will have
They will be They will do They will have
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES KOMPARACIJA PRIDJEVA
Number of Adjective Comparative form Superlative form
syllables
1 Fast Faster than The fastest

syllable
Small Smaller than The smallest
3+ Interesting More interesting than The most interesting

syllables
Expensive More expensive than The most expensive
Happy Happier than The happiest

or or
2 More happy than The most happy
syllables
Yellow Yellower than The yellowest

or or
More yellow than The most yellow
Good Better than The best
Bad Worse than The worst

Irregular
Adjectives Far Farther/Further than The farthest/furthest
Little Less than The least
Much More than The most
Many More than The most

ZERO CONDITIONAL
DEFINITION: It is used if the sentence is TRUE in the PRESENT.

(Koristi se ako je reenica ISTINITA u SADANJOSTI.)
**Zero conditional se koristi kada se pria o istinitoj situaciji
ili injenici kada stvarno neto radi).
The simple present is used in the result clause to express a

habitual activity/situation OR to express a predictable fact.
(Simple present se koristi u drugom dijelu reenice da izrazi
neku naviku ILI oekivanu injenicu.)
TVORBA 0 - KONDICIONALA:
IF _______________________, _______________________
(simple present) (simple present)
EXAMPLES:
(HABITUAL ACTIVITY): If I have enough time, I write to my parents

every week.
(Ako imam vremena, ja piem svojim
roditeljima svaki tjedan.)
(FACT): If I don't eat breakfast, I get a headache.

(Ako ja ne dorukujem, zaboli me glava.)
FIRST CONDITIONAL
DEFINITION: It is used if the sentence is TRUE and in the FUTURE.

(Koristi se ako je reenica ISTINITA i u BUDUNOSTI.)
**to namjeravamo raditi ili to e se dogoditi u budunosti.
TVORBA 1. KONDICIONALA:
IF _______________________, ________________________
(simple present) (simple future)
EXAMPLES:
1. If I have enough time tomorrow, I will write to my parents.

(Ako imam vremena sutra, ja u pisati svojim roditeljima.)
2. If I don't eat breakfast tomorrow morning, I will get a headache.

(Ako ne dorukujem sutra ujutro, zaboljeti e me glava.)
Exercises:
1. If Melissa studies hard, she ______________ (pass) her finals.

2. If I finish my work in time, I _____________ (go) to the concert.
3. If I see Henry, I ______________ (give) him your message.
4. If he works hard, he ____________(get) the raise.
5. If you don't hurry, we ______________(be) late for class.
6. If he tries hard, he ___________(find) a job somewhere.
7. If he fails the test, he ______________ (have) to repeat the course.
8. If the weather is nice tomorrow, we _____________ (go) to the beach.
9. If Naomi arrives on time, I ______________ (talk) to her.
10. If I have time tomorrow, I _____________ (go) shopping with you.
11. If I _________(find) the book, I will give it to you.

12. If the weather _________ (be) warm, we will go to the park tomorrow.
13. If you _________ (turn) out the light, we will be in the dark.
14. If you _________ (save) your money, you will be able to go on a vacation.
15. If you _________ (drive) slowly, you won't have any accidents.
16. If Jack ________ (call), I will speak to him.
17. If you __________ (learn) how to swim, you will be able to go with us to the beach
on Sundays.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
DEFINITION: It is used if the sentence is UNTRUE in the PRESENT or

FUTURE.
(Koristi se ako je reenica NEISTINITA u SADANJOSTI
ili BUDUNOSTI.)
**2. kondicional se koristi kada sanja, mata, eli
Nai izgovor ili eli ispasti poten kao kada reete
nekome da be im posudili novaca da ih imate ali u
stvarnosti, nemate ih.
IF ________________________, _______________________________
(simple past) (modalni glagol + infinitiv)
inae WOULD
EXAMPLES:
If I had enough time now, I would write to my parents.

(Da imam vremena sada, pisala bih roditeljima.)
**U stvarnosti, nemam vremena i zato neu pisati njima.
If I owned a car, I would take a trip to Italy.

(Da imam auto, otila bih na putovanje u Italiju.)
**U stvarnosti, nemam auto i zato ne mogu ii u Italiju.
Exercises:
1. If I knew her well, I ________________ (speak) to her.

2. If he attended class regularly, he ______________(make) good progress.
3. If we had the money, we _____________ (take) a trip to South America.
4. If he went to bed earlier, he _________ not __________ (feel) so tired.
5. If he drove more carefully, he _________________ fewer accidents.
6. If John paid he debts, people ________________ (respect) him more.
7. If I knew English better, I _______________ (read) some English novels.
8. If he prepared his homework every night, he _______________ (get) better grades.
9. If I _____________ (own) an automobile, I would take a trip to

California.
10. If she ____________ (work) harder, she would probably get a better
salary.
11. If I _____________(know) how to drive, I would buy a car.
12. If Louis ____________ (know) more grammar, he would make fewer
mistakes.
12. If he __________ not ____________ (waste) so much time in class, he
would make better progress.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
DEFINITION: It is used if the sentence is UNTRUE in the PAST.

(Koristi se ako je reenica NEISTINITA u PROLOSTI.)
IF __________________, _______________________________________
(past perfect) (would have + past participle)
EXAMPLES:
If I had had enough time, I would have written to my parents yesterday.

(Da sam imao dosta vremena, pisao bih roditeljima juer.)
**U stvarnosti, nisam imao vremena i nisam pisao roditeljima.
If they had studied, they would have passed the exam.

(Da su oni uili, proli bih na ispitu.)
**U stvarnosti, nisu uili i nisu proli na ispitu.
Exercises:
1. If I had known her, I _______________________ (speak) to her.

2. If he had learned the truth, he ___________________ (be) very angry.
3. If I had known that you needed me, I ___________________ (come) at once.
4. If they had invited us, naturally we ______________________(go) to the party.
5. If you had worn your overcoat, you ______________ not _________________ (catch) a cold.
6. If I had had your address, I _____________________ (write) to you.
7. If yesterday had been a holiday, I _______________________ (go) to the beach.
8. If you had asked me, I _____________________ (help) you.
9. If I ___________________ (know) about this yesterday, I would have

worried all day long.
10. If the weather _________________ (be) nice yesterday, we would have
gone to the beach.
11. I would have looked you up if I ___________________(know) you
were living in Kansas.
12. I wouldn't have gotten wet if I ___________________ (wear) a raincoat.
13. If he ___________________ (study) more, he would have gotten better
grades.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1st and 2nd
1. If Melissa _____________(study) hard, she ______________ (pass) her finals.

2. If I ___________ (finish) my work in time, I ______________ (go) to the concert.
3. If I ____________ (know) her well, I _______________ (speak) to her.
4. If we ____________ (have) the money, we _____________ (take) a trip to South
America.
5. If I ____________ (see) Henry, I ______________ (give) him your message.
6. If he __________ (work) hard, he ____________(get) the raise.
7. If you ______________ (hurry, not), we ______________(be) late for class.
8. If he ______________ (attend) class regularly, he ______________(make) good progress.
9. If he ________________(prepare) his homework every night,
a. he _______________ (get) better grades.
10.If he ____________ (try) hard, he ___________(find) a job somewhere.
11.If he ____________ (fail) the test, he ______________ (have) to repeat the course.
12.If I _____________ (own) an automobile, I ________________ (take) a trip to California.
13.If he ______________ (drive) more carefully, he _________________ (have) fewer
accidents.
14.If the weather _________ (be) nice tomorrow, we _____________ (go) to the beach.
15.If John __________ (pay) he debts, people __________________ (respect) him more.
16.If Louis ____________ (know) more grammar, he _______________ (make)
a. fewer mistakes.
17.If Naomi ____________ (arrive) on time, I ______________ (talk) to her.
18.If I ___________ (have) time tomorrow, I _____________ (go) shopping with you.
19.If she ____________ (work) harder, she ______________ (get) a better
a. salary.
20.If I _________(find) the book, I ________________ (give) it to you.
21.If the weather _________ (be) warm, we _______________ (go) to the park
tomorrow.
22.If you _________ (turn) out the light, we _______________ (be) in the dark.
23.If I ____________ (know) English better, I _________________ (read) some English
novels.
24.If you _________ (drive) slowly, you ___________________ (have, not) any accidents.
25.If I _____________(know) how to drive, I _________________ (buy) a car.
26.If Jack ________ (call), I _________________ (speak) to him.
27.If he ___________ (go) to bed earlier, he _________ not __________(feel) so tired.
28.If he __________ not ____________ (waste) so much time in class, he
a. ___________________ (make) better progress.
COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS BROJNE I NEBROJNE IMENICE
SINGULAR PLURAL
COUNT a chair chairs Some nouns are called count nouns:
NOUN one chair 2 chairs 1) In the singular, they can be
3 chairs preceded by a/an or one.
some chairs 2) They have a plural form:
several chairs -s or -es.
a lot of chairs
many chairs
a few chairs
NONCOUNT furniture Some nouns are called noncount

NOUN some furniture Nouns:
a lot of furniture 1) They are not immediately
much furniture preceded by a/an or one.
a little furniture 2) They do not have a plural
form (no final s is added).
MUCH and MANY.
How many apples did you buy? Many is used with count nouns.
How much money did you spend? Much is used with noncount nouns.
A FEW and A LITTLE
A) I bought a few apples. A few is used with count nouns.

B) I bought a little fruit. A little is used with noncount nouns.
SOME and ANY.
I took some books home with me. Some is used in positive sentences.
I took some fruit from the table.
I did not take any books home with me. Any is used in negative sentences.
I did not take any fruit from the table.
THERE IS and THERE ARE
A) There are a lot of vegetables on the table. There are is used with count nouns.
B) There is a lot of fruit on the table. There is is used with noncount nouns.
COMMON NONCOUNT NOUNS
Whole groups made up of individual parts:

Clothing Change History Corn
Equipment Postage Literature Dirt
*Food Scenery Music Dust
Fruit Stuff Poetry Floor
Furniture Traffic Psychology Grass
Garbage Homework Engineering *Hair
Hardware Housework Biology *Pepper
Jewellery *Work Chemistry Rice
Machinery Advice Physics, etc. Salt
Mail Information English, etc. Sugar
Make-up *Gossip Grammar Wheat
Money News Slang
Cash *Noise Vocabulary
Liquids: Solids: Gases:

*Beer Bread Chalk Air
Blood Butter Copper Fog
*Coffee Cheese Cotton Oxygen
Cream Ice *Glass Hydrogen
Gasoline Ice cream Gold Pollution
Honey Lettuce *Iron Smog
Juice Margarine *Paper Smoke
Milk Meat Rubber Steam
Oil Bacon Silver
Shampoo *Chicken Soap
Soap *Fish Tin
Tea Ham, etc. Toothpaste
Water Toast *Wood
Wine Cement Wool
Natural phenomena:
Weather Rain Daylight
Dew Sleet Moonlight
Fog Snow Sunlight
Hail Thunder Sunshine
Heat Wind Electricity
Humidity Darkness *Fire
Lightning *Light Gravity
Things you cannot touch (abstractions):

Anger Fun Ignorance Poverty
Beauty Generosity Intelligence Pride
Confidence Greed Justice Progress
Courage Happiness Knowledge Recreation
Cowardice Hate Laughter *Space
*Education Health *Love Stupidity
Enjoyment Help Luck *Time
Entertainment Honesty Patience Violence
*Experience Hospitality Peace Wealth
* A noun can be both COUNT and NONCOUNT

DIRECT (QUOTED) SPEECH INDIRECT (REPORTED) SPEECH
Verb to be She said, I am hungry. She said (that) she was hungry.
She said, The world is round. (injenica) She said (that) the world is round.
Simple Present She said, I watch TV everyday. She said (that) she watched TV everyday.
She says, I watch TV everyday. She says (that) she watches TV everyday.
She said, I don't like chocolate ice cream. (injenica) She said (that) she doesn't like chocolate ice cream.
Present Continuous She said, I am watching TV. She said (that) she was watching TV.
Past Continuous She said, I was watching TV. She said (that) she had been watching TV.
Simple Past She said, I watched TV. She said (that) she had watched TV.
Present Perfect She said, I have watched TV. She said (that) she had watched TV.
Past Perfect She said, I had watched TV. She said (that) she had watched TV.
Simple Future (will) She said, I will watch TV. She said (that) she would watch TV.
Simple Future (be going to) She said, I am going to watch TV. She said (that) she was going to watch TV.
Can She said, I can watch TV She said (that) she could watch TV.
May She said, I may watch TV She said (that) she might watch TV.
Might She said, I might watch TV She said (that) she might watch TV.
Must She said, I must watch TV She said (that) she had to watch TV.
Have to She said, I have to watch TV She said (that) she had to watch TV.
Should She said, I should watch TV She said (that) she should watch TV.
Ought to She said, I ought to watch TV She said (that) she ought to watch TV.
Commands (zapovijedi) She said, Clean your room! She told me to clean my room.
She said, Don't leave the light on! She told me not to leave the light on.
Questions She said, Do you watch TV? She asked (me) if I watched TV.
She asked, Where did you buy this dress? She asked (me) where I had bought that dress.
She asked, What is the size of this dress? She asked (me) what the size of that dress was.
She said, Is there a post office nearby? She wants to know/asked (me) if there is a post office.....
**If the reporting verb (for example, said) is in the past, then the verb in the noun clause will usually also be in the past form.
**Immediate reporting: A: What did the teacher just say? I didn't hear him. Later reporting: A: I didn't go to class yesterday.
B: He said (that) he wants us to read Chapter Six. Did Mr. Smith give us any homework?
B: Yes. He said (that) he wanted us to read
Chapter Six.
**Sometimes you must change the time/place in the sentence. For example:
now ---- then, at the time this week ---- that week
today ---- that day last week ---- the week before, the previous week
yesterday ---- the day before, the previous day here ---- there
tomorrow ---- the next day, the following day this ---- that
these ---- those
Change the quoted speech (direct speech) to reported speech (indirect speech):
1. Jim said, I am sleepy. ______________________________________________
2. Sally said, I don't like chocolates. _____________________________________
3. Mary said, I am planning to take a trip. __________________________________
4. Tom said, I have already eaten lunch. ___________________________________
5. Linda said, I called my doctor. _________________________________________
6. Mr. Rice said, I'm going to go to Chicago. _______________________________
7. Fred said, I will come to the meeting. ___________________________________
8. Jean said, I can't afford to buy a new car. _________________________________
9. Martha said, I may go to the library. ____________________________________
10. Ted said, I have to finish my work. ____________________________________
11. Sue said, I must talk to Prof. Reed. ____________________________________
12. Alice said, I should visit my aunt and uncle. ______________________________
13. Carolyn said, I will be here at noon. _____________________________________
14. David said, The plane will probably get in late. _____________________________
15. The boss said, I have to finish this report by tonight. _________________________
16. The doctor said, She'll get well quickly. __________________________________
17. The teacher said, Everyone has to write a report. ____________________________
18. Richard said, I saw that movie last week. _________________________________
19. Janie said, I've read that book. __________________________________________
20. Suzanne said to her boyfriend, I can't go tonight. ____________________________
21. William said to me, I'll finish this tomorrow. _______________________________
22. She said to him, The lights aren't working. ________________________________
23. I said to the waitress, This bill is wrong. __________________________________
24. The boy said to me, I'm only 8 years old. _________________________________
GERUNDS
A) A gerund is the ing form of a verb. It is used as a noun. For example,
Listen (verb) listening (noun)

Dance (verb) dancing (noun)
The object of a verb can also be a gerund.
Example: I enjoy music.

noun
I enjoy listening to music.

gerund
I enjoy listening to music.

gerund phrase
Common verbs followed by gerunds:
1. Enjoy 7. Keep 13. Like

2. Finish 8. Keep on 14. Hate
3. Stop 9. Consider 15. Start
4. Quit 10.Think about 16. Begin
5. Postpone 11.Discuss
6. Put off 12.Talk about
**5/6, 7/8, 9/10, and 11/12 have the same meaning.
B) VERB + PREPOSITION + GERUND
Be fond of
Get bored with
Give up
Be happy about doing something
Look forward to gerund
Be good at
Be bored with
MODAL AUXILIARIES MODALNI GLAGOLI
AUXILIARY USES PRESENT/FUTURE PAST
May 1) polite request 1) May I borrow your pencil?

2) formal permission 2) You may go to the bathroom.
3) less than 50% certainty 3) Where's Kathy? 3) She may have been in the
She may be in the park. park.
Might 1) less than 50% certainty 1) Where's Kathy? 1) She might have been in the
She might be in the park. park.
2) polite request (rare) 2) Might I borrow a cup of
sugar?
Should 1) advisability 1) I should study tonight. 1) I should have studied last
night.
2) 90% certainty 2) I should do well on the test. 2) I should have done well on
(future only) the test.
Ought to 1) advisability 1) I ought to study tonight. 1) I ought to have studied last
night.
2) 90% certainty 2) I ought to do well on the test. 2) I ought to have done well on
(future only) the test.
Had better 1) advisability with threat 1) You had better be ready
of bad result or I will leave without you.
Be supposed to 1) expectation 1) The movie is supposed to 1) The movie was supposed to
begin at 9:00p.m. begin at 9:00p.m.
Be to 1) strong expectation 1) You are to be here at 8:00. 1) You were to be here at 8:00.
Must 1) strong necessity 1) I must go to school today. 1) I had to go to school today.
2) prohibition (negative) 2) You must not open that door.
3) 95% certainty 3) Kathy isn't in class. 3) Kathy must have been ill
She must be ill today. yesterday.
Have to 1) necessity 1) I have to go to school today. 1) I had to go to school
yesterday.
2) lack of necessity (neg.) 2) I don't have to go to school 2) I didn't have to go to school
today. yesterday.
Have got to 1) necessity 1) I have got to go to school 1) I had to go to school
today. yesterday.
Will 1) 100% certainty 1) Kathy will be here at 8:00.
2) willingness 2) The phone is ringing.
I will get it.
3) polite request 3) Will you please pass the salt?
Be going to 1) 100% certainty 1) Kathy is going to be here
at 8:00.
2) definite plan 2) I am going to build a garage. 2) I was going to build a
garage, but I ran out of money.
Can 1) ability/possibility 1) I can run fast. 1) I could run fast when I was a
child.
2) informal permission 2)You can use my car tomorrow
3) informal polite request 3) Can I borrow your pen?
4) impossibility (neg.) 4) That can't be true! 4) That can't have been true.
Could 1) past ability 1) I could run fast when I was a
child.
2) polite request 2) Could I borrow your pen?
3) suggestion 3) I have a big problem. 3) You could have talked to the
You could talk to the school school psychologist.
psychologist.
4) less than 50% certainty 4) Where's Kathy? 4) Where was Kathy?
She could be at the library. She could have been at the
library.
5) impossibility 5) That couldn't be true! 5) That couldn't have been true!
Be able to 1) ability 1a) I am able to help you. 1) I was able to help you.
1b) I will be able to help you.
Would 1) polite request 1) Would you mind if I left
work early today?
2) preference 2) I would rather go to the 2) I would rather have gone to
movies than stay home. the movies than stayed at
home.
3) repeated action in the 3) When I was a child, I would
past visit my grandma every Sunday
Used to 1) repeated action in the 1) I used to visit my grandma
past. every Sunday.
Shall 1) polite question to make 1) Shall I open a window?
a suggestion
2) future with I or we 2) I shall come at 8:00.
as subject (will = more common)
THE PASSIVE
Active: Bob mailed the package.
subject verb object
Passive: The package was mailed by Bob.

subject verb by phrase
**Obje reenice imaju isto znaenje.

_______________________________________________________________________________
FORM:
Subject + Verb to be + Past Participle + by phrase
(ex.) The package + was + mailed + by Bob.

______________________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Simple Present Mary helps me. I am helped by Mary.
Mary helps John. John is helped by Mary.
Mary helps Tina and Tom. They are helped by Mary.
Simple Past Mary helped John. John was helped by Mary.

Mary helped Tina and Tom. They were helped by Mary.
Simple Future (will) Mary will help John. John will be helped by Mary.
Simple Future (be going to) Mary is going to help me. I am going to be helped by Mary.
Mary is going to help John. John is going to be helped by Mary.
Mary is going to help them. They are going to be helped by Mary
Present Continuous Mary is helping me. I am being helped by Mary.

Mary is helping John. John is being helped by Mary.
Mary is helping them. They are being helped by Mary.
Past Continuous Mary was helping John. John was being helped by Mary.
Mary was helping them. They were being helped by Mary.
Present Perfect Mary has helped John. John has been helped by Mary.
Mary has helped them. They have been helped by Mary.
Past Perfect Mary had helped John. John had been helped by Mary.
** Usually, the passive is used without the by phrase. The passive is usually used when it is not known or not important to know exactly
who performs the action.
** Inae, pasiv se koristi bez by fraze. Pasiv se inae koristi kada se ne zna ili nije vano znati tko tono obavlja tu radnju.
Example: Rice is grown in India (by someone, by people..)

Our house was built in 1945.
** If it is important to know who performs the action, then the by phrase is used.
** Ako je vano znati ili naglasiti tko obavlja radnju, onda se by fraza koristi.
Example: Hamlet was written by Shakespeare

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
**Only verbs that are followed by an object (transitive verbs) are used in the passive. It is not possible to use verbs such as
happen, sleep, come and seem (intransitive verbs) in the passive.
(ex.) Active: A miracle happened.

Passive: ---------
Change the following sentences from active to passive (simple present and simple past only):
1. The teacher corrects our exercises at home. __________________________________________
2. They opened a gift shop last week. _________________________________________________
3. The maid broke a plate and a glass. _________________________________________________
4. Lightning struck the house. _______________________________________________________
5. Newspapers report important events. _______________________________________________
6. The superintendant cuts the grass. _________________________________________________
7. Jennifer opened a gift shop last weekend. ___________________________________________

8. Chinese people eat a lot of rice. ___________________________________________________
9. We drank too much beer. ________________________________________________________
10. Mr. Smith corrected our homework on time. ________________________________________
Change the following sentences from active to passive (all verb forms):
1. Shakespeare wrote that play.
2. Sandra has suggested a new idea.
3. Bill will invite Barbara to the party.
4. Two horses were pulling the farmer's wagon.
5. The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
6. Karlo had helped the old lady across the street.
7. We are writing a test.
8. I am typing a book report.
9. Waiters serve customers.
10. My aunt made this rug.

Change the following sentences from active to passive:
1. Previous climbers had cut steps in the ice.
2. Somebody has cleaned my shoes.
3. We use this room for special occasions.
4. Someone switched on the light.
5. They are pulling down the old theatre.
6. Someone will serve drinks
7. I have bought a car.
8. People are spending much money on food.

9. Most people opposed this.
10. Students are doing a lot of work.
11. The closure of factory will make a lot of people redundant.
12. People steal things from supermarkets every day.
13. Someone left this book in the classroom yesterday.
14. They are demolishing the entire block.
15. The court tried the man.
16. They are repairing my piano at the moment.
17. Has someone posted my parcel?
18. They invited Jack to the party.
19. We shall tow the car to the garage.
20. We will prosecute trespassers.
21. They haven't stamped the letter.
22. They threw away the rubbish.
23. An earthquake destroyed the town.
24. They are watching my house.
25. We had warned you.
26. A lorry knocked him down.
27. People often do cruel things.

PASSIVE ACTIVE
Simple Present I
I am helped by you. You help..
Tom & Tina are helped by us. We
They
He
John is helped by Mary. She helps/watches..
It
_________________________ ________________________________________ __________________________________
Simple Past John was helped by Mary. IThey helped..
or
They were chosen by Mary. IThey chose (2. red tablice)
_________________________ ________________________________________ __________________________________
Simple Future (will) John will be helped by Mary. IThey will help..
John shall be helped by Mary. IThey shall help..
_________________________ _______________________________________ __________________________________
Simple Future I am going to be helped by me. I am going to help..
(be going to)
He
John is going to be helped by Mary. She is going to help..
It
We
We are going to be helped by them. You are going to help..
They
_________________________ ________________________________________ __________________________________
Present Continuous I am being helped by me. I am helping..
He
John is being helped by Mary. She is helping..
It
We
We are being helped by them. You are helping..
They
_________________________ ________________________________________ __________________________________
Past Continuous I
John was being helped by Mary. He was helping..
She
It
We
They were being helped by us. You were helping..
They
_________________________ ________________________________________ __________________________________
Present Perfect I
John has been helped by you. We helped
You have or
John has been chosen by you. They chosen (3. red)
They have been helped by Mary. He helped

She has or
They have been chosen by Mary. It chosen (3. red)
__________________________ ________________________________________ __________________________________
Past Perfect I
You
John had been helped by Mary. He helped
She had or
John had been chosen by Mary. It chosen (3. red)
We
You
They
1. The instructions have been changed by the teacher.
2. She will have to be taught.
3. This car was manufactured in Japan by Toyota.
4. Last year 2,000 new units had been produced by Konar.
5. $400,000 in profit has been reported by our company this year.
6. The test will be given to us by our teachers at five o'clock this afternoon.
7. This rumor had been started by our competitors.
8. All the work is going to be completed by my brother by tonight.
9. Lunch was being served by Mrs. Smith when we arrived.
10. Lectures are recorded and posted on the Internet.
11. Portuguese has always been spoken in this village.
1.A novel is being read by Mary.
2. A stone was being thrown by the kid.
3. A car has been bought by him.
4. The door had been knocked at.
5. Yam is eaten by people in my country.
6. The jackpot will be won by her.
7. English was taught to him by his cousin.
8. The fish was eaten by the cat.
9. A beautiful book was offered to the principal by her.
10. A letter was written in Chinese by Sing Yung.

QUESTION TAGS
**A question tag is a question that is added onto the end of a sentence. An auxiliary verb is used
in a tag question.
**The speaker uses a tag question because he/she expects the listener to agree with him/her.
The speaker gives his/her idea while asking a question at the same time.
POSITIVE SENTENCE NEGATIVE QUESTION TAG EXPECTED ANSWER
He is a good student, isn't he? Yes, he is.

They are good students, aren't they? Yes, they are.
She was angry, wasn't she? Yes, she was.

They were angry, weren't they? Yes, they were.
He will come, won't he? Yes, he will.
He knows Mary, doesn't he? Yes, he does.

You know Mary, don't you? Yes, I do.
They played last week, didn't they? Yes, they did.

He knew Mary, didn't he? Yes, he did.
She has been to Paris, hasn't she? Yes, she has.

They have been to Paris, haven't they? Yes, they have.
He can come, can't he? Yes, he can.

NEGATIVE SENTENCE POSITIVE QUESTION TAG EXPECTED ANSWER
He isn't a good student, is he? No, he isn't.

They aren't good students, are they? No, they aren't.
She wasn't angry, was she? No, she wasn't.

They weren't angry, were they? No, they weren't.
He won't come, will he? No, he won't.
He doesn't know Mary, does he? No, he doesn't.

You don't know Mary, do you? No, I don't.
They didn't play last week, did they? No, they didn't.
He didn't know Mary, did he? No, he didn't.
She hasn't been to Paris, has she? No, she hasn't.

They haven't been to Paris, have they? No, they haven't.
He can't come, can he? No, he can't.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Verb Tenses:
The Simple Present

The Present Continuous
The Simple Past (regular & irregular verbs)
The Past Continous
The Present Perfect
The Present Perfect Continuous
The Simple Future (will & be going to)
The Past Perfect
Summary of Verb Tenses
Other Grammar:
Adverbs(Prilozi)
Articles(lanovi)
Auxilliary Verbs (To Be, To Do, To Have)(Pomoni glagoli)
Comparison of Adjectives(Komparacija pridjeva)
Conditionals(Kondicionali)
Count & Noncount Nouns(Brojne i nebrojne imenice)
Direct & Indirect Speech(Upravni i neupravni govor)
Gerunds(Glagolska imenica)
Modal Verbs(Modalni glagoli)
The Passive(Pasiv -- iz aktiva u pasiv i iz pasiva u aktiv)
Question Tags(Dodatak pitanju/Upitna fraza)

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THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

POSITIVE SUBJECT + MAIN VERB

I PLAY I WATCH Ponekad, radi lakeg

NEGATIVE SUBJECT + DO/DOES + NOT + MAIN VERB

DO/DOES + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB

Simple Present Tense positive, negative, question form

1) We never ________________ (study) after 11:00.

Practise examples using the Simple Present Tense:

(Present Continuous je sadanje vrijeme koje se koristi kada govorimo

EXAMPLES: 1. We are sitting in class right now.

2. I am listening to the teacher.

3. He is writing in his notebook.

2. We are preparing for our football tournament.

Now This morning

What are you doing?

POSITIVE SUBJECT + VERB TO BE IN THE PRESENT + MAIN VERB + ING

SUBJECT + VERB TO BE IN THE PRESENT + NOT + MAIN VERB + ING

VERB TO BE IN THE PRESENT + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + ING

SIMPLE PRESENT VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

2. Marija makes her bed. 2. Marija is making her bed.

SIMPLE PRESENT vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

SIMPLE PRESENT vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

3. ________ Caroline (like) ________________ the opera?

5. I (understand, not) ______________________English grammar. Right now,

6. Look! Those kids across the street (fight) __________________________!

1. I always (do) ________________ my homework.

3. Shhh! The baby (sleep)_____________________.

4. A: __________ Martina and Sarah (fight) __________________ in the classroom

1. Marko rarely (do) ________________ his homework.

2. I (try) ____________________ to pay my telephone bill on time every month.

3. Look! The baby (crawl)_____________________.

4. A: __________ Barbara and Sarah (argue) __________________ in the classroom ______

5. _________ you (ride) __________________ your bike to school every morning?

6. My grandma (make) _____________________ lunch for us everyday.

1. I seldom (make) _____________ my bed in the morning.

2. My mom and dad (try) ____________________ to go to church every Sunday.

4. A: __________ you (watch) __________________ the news right now? ______

5. _________ John (go) __________________ to work by car or by bus every morning?

6. My grandma (make, not) _____________________ lunch for us everyday.

7. I (love) _________________ coffee for breakfast, but this morning

2 consonants help helping

2 vowels + 1 consonant rain raining

1 vowel + 1 consonant stop (1 syllable) stopping

-y play (vowel + y) playing

-ie die dying

The verbs that are noncontinuous are:

Possession: possess, own & belong.

Sense Perceptions: hear

NONCONTINUOUS (existing state) CONTINUOUS (activity in progress)

Think I think he is a kind man. I am thinking about this grammar.

****Ovo vrijeme koristi pravilne i nepravilne glagole.

Examples: Regular verbs: 1) I watched a good movie last night.

Irregular verbs: 1) Kathy went to Meugorje last summer.

YESTERDAY LAST AGO (PRIJE) IN

Yesterday **Last night 5 minutes ago In 1998

Yesterday morning Last week 2 hours ago In September

Yesterday afternoon Last month 10 days ago In the wintertime

**Yesterday evening Last year 3 weeks ago Etc.

Last summer 6 years ago

**Nemoj rei Last Monday 1 month ago

THE SIMPLE PAS T (Regular verbs)

POSITIVE SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + ED

SUBJEKT + GLAVNI GLAGOL + ED

3. Caroline (like) ________ the opera?

4. A: Martina and Sarah (fight) ________ in the classroom

4. A: Barbara and Sarah (argue) __ in the classroom

5. _ you (ride) __________ your bike to school every morning?

4. A: you (watch) __ the news right now?

5. _ John (go) __________ to work by car or by bus every morning?

14. Yesterday morning I (brush) my teeth,(wash)my

18. We (do) an exercise in class right now.We (use)_verb

10. _ you (study) ________ Spanish or French this year?

15. Mark (come) ____ home at midnight last night?