3.

2 Roof

In a building, the roof serves as a cover a whole room beneath. To protect it

from the effects of heat, rain, wind, dust, and others. As the "crown" of a building,
the election must be disesuaikandengan roof of the building underneath, local
climate, the roof model, costs, and yangtersedia.Pemilihan roofing material should
have regard to the local climate, the roof looks desired, the available budget and
the ingredients can easily be obtained in which the building is erected

Inevitably, the roof has an important role as the structural integrity of the
building. See progress in recent years. Seen from the shapes and colors that follow
the style or theme of the building.

The use of technology also can not be ruled out. In addition to getting top
quality products, the use of technology penetrated on environmentally friendly
products. Since the issue of global warming came to the surface, the use of
environmentally friendly building materials is trending around the world.
Manufacturers do not want to miss the roof and competing to offer
environmentally friendly roofing products. There are several choices of roof
covering quality and cheap. Call it like tiles. Type of tile were diverse views on
price, quality and design. The only difference being the type of ingredients alone.
Some are made of metal, bitumen or aluminum. According to the Country
Director of PT Onduline Indonesia, Budi benefactor, consumers are already aware
of the roofing products.

"Consumers already understand roofing products in addition to its main

function, namely beautify the structure of the building" he said. In the market, as
well as property, building materials also have a clear product segmentation. The
term KW 1, KW 2 and so on. Similarly, the roof covering. For use in building the
middle class, zinc roofing materials, asbestos and traditional enough. As for the
segment of it, like a house with a price range above 500 million already using a
roof-based. For now the market is still dominated by a large selection of ceramic
tile and concrete tile. While the trend setter tile is still held flat and semi-flat. This
option is in line with the development theme of minimalist modern home and
modern simplicity. However, with the trend of minimalist fashion house minimal
ornamentation, the presence of concrete roof tiles began to come up. The use of
flat tiles produced by concrete tile, complete the look minimalist style building.

In choosing the type of roof covering, there are several criteria that need to be
considered by consumers as follows:

1. Overview of the local climate

2. The shape of the roof harmony
3. The function of the building
4. The roof covering materials are easy to obtain
5. Funds available

3.2.1 ROOF STRUCTURE

The meaning the structure of the roof is part of the building that holds /
drain loads from the roof. The roof structure is divided into the roof frame and
cantilever roof truss. Roof frame serves to hold the load of the roof covering
material that is generally in the form of a beam arrangement -balok (wood /
bamboo / steel) vertically and horizontally -except the concrete roof structure.
Based on this position then the term purlins, rafters and battens. Roof truss
arrangement can produce grooves on the roof (jurai inside / outside) and create a
certain shape of the roof.

Roof truss cantilever beams are arranged to form a triangle, called the
horses. The horses are under the roof frame, function to support the roof frame. As
stiffeners, top horses hooked up to a ridge beam, while the second leg is
connected with a column structure for mengalirakan load to the ground.

Generally known four types of roof structures, namely: a wall structure (gin-
gin) wood frame, horses and wooden frames, conventional steel structure, light
steel structure. Beyond that there are no concrete structures commonly used for
flat roofs.

Roofing components that have the smallest profile in shape and size.
Transverse position above the rafters. Reng serves as a barrier roofing (tile, etc.).
Another function is as a regulator of the distance of each tile so neat and more
"tied". The distance between the battens depends on the size of the tile that will be
used. The larger the dimensions of the tile, the less battens so the cost was more
efficient.

3.2.2 Roof of House Type 68

In the house type 68 type of roof that is used is a standard roof, where the
standard roof is usually called lean roofs or roof temple. In umumya roof consists
of a field that is part of the sloping roof top edge leaning or attached to a wall of
the main building (walls towering). In the shape of the roof construction dock
using half horse - the horse to support the beam purlins. The slope of the roof can
be taken 30 degrees or 40 degrees when using the cover material from the tile. To
cover material and a wave of asbestos cement corrugated roof slope can be taken
20 degrees or 25 degrees, which on installation does not require tin.

3.3 Wall

The walls are a solid structure that restricts and sometimes protects an area.
Generally, the wall limiting a building and other support structures, limiting space
in buildings into rooms, or protects or limiting a space in the open. The three main
types of structural walls are the walls of the building, dividing wall (boundary), as
well as retaining walls (retaining).

The walls of the building has two main functions, namely supporting the
roof and ceiling, dividing the room, as well as protect against intrusion and
weather. The dividing wall includes a privacy wall, the wall boundary markers, as
well as the walls of the city. The walls of this type sometimes difficult to
distinguish the fence. Retaining walls serve as a barrier to the movement of soil,
rocks, or water and can be either internal or external parts of buildings.

3.3.1 Type of Wall

A. Structural walls

As the structure of the building (bearing wall), this wall serves to support
the roof and did not use a cast concrete columns (rebar). Materials commonly
used structural wall on a building is brick (in ancient times).

B. Wall Non - Structural

 This wall is a wall that does not bear the weight, only as a barrier, when
broken down the walls of the building remained standing. Some of the wall
material non - structural such as bricks, concrete blocks, lightweight brick, wood,
glass, etc.

C. Partition walls

A partition wall is vertical boundaries that exist in the room (interior), the
material - the material used for the partition wall, such as gypsum, calcium board,
plywood, glass, etc.

3.3.2 Material type of Wall

A. BRICK WALL

Red brick wall made of clay / loam burned. To be used as a safe building
material then the processing must meet regulatory standards building materials
Indonesia NI 3 and NI-10 (regulatory red brick). The walls of masonry can be
made with a thickness of 1/2 stone (non-structural) and min. 1 stone (structural).
Infill walls of masonry half stone columns must be reinforced with practical, sloof
/ Rollag, and ringbalk which serves to bind masonry and hold / distribute
structural loads on the building to not hit the brick wall couple TSB. The
execution of masonry walls and plesterannya must comply with the existing
requirements, both from a mixture plesterannya and engineering process.
(Material Pairs Bata)

Picture of Brick Wall

B. WALL BATAKO

Adobe is a material for the walls made of artificial stone / printing is not
burned. Consists of a mixture tras, lime (5: 1), sometimes - sometimes plus a PC.
Because the larger dimensions of red brick, brick use in buildings can save 75%
stucco, walls 50% by weight - the foundation load is reduced. In addition, when
printed and processed with good quality, it does not require plastering the walls of
adobe + acian again for finishing.

Principle brick wall construction is almost equal to the walls of masonry,

among others:

a. Adobe should be kept dry and protected from rain.

b. At the time of the installation of a wall, do not need to be soaked in
advance and should not be soaked with water.
c. Cutting brick using a hammer and chisel, after it was defeated in wood /
stone taper.
d. Installation of concrete blocks starting from the ends, corners and ends
meeting in the middle - the middle.
e. Brick walls also require reinforcement / stiffener framework consists of
reinforced concrete columns and beams were cast in holes adobe.
Retrofitting mounted on the corners, meetings and crosses.

Picture of BATAKO Wall

3.3.3 Wall of Type 68 House

On house type 68 type of wall used was a brick wall, where this wall
includes robust and not easily fallen if built properly. The walls were also painted
with such a beautiful and interesting, so pleasing to the eye. This wall is so strong
and resistant to rain, because the paint is waterproof.
 This house also has the same type of wall to be used as a fence, with a
patterned paint the same color as the walls. so it looks in rhythm and beautiful to
look at. Fences in this house looks quite strong and not easily collapse because the
fence is made of brick wall.