COMPARISON BEHAVIOR OF BASE ISOLATOR AND ORDINARY BUILDING

1.1 Objective Report

The objective of this report is to compare the behavior of ordinary buildings with building using base
isolation system, which are story drift, displacement, and the capacity of the building

1.2 Model of Building

Model of the building is represented by Figure 1.2.1 and 1.2.2. where building model is three-
dimensional. Illustrated in figure 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 base isolation in the building is modeled as a truss
element and the position of base isolation system is under from all of the column 1st story. figure 1.2.1
and 1.2.2 also explained the building consists of five spans and five bays, where the total length of the
span is 3600 cm, total length of the bays is 3680 cm, also explained and the number of levels of the
building is 12 levels.

Fig. 1.2.1 Plan of Building Model

1
 Fig. 1.2.2 Frame Model in the X and Y direction [mm]

1.3. Boundary Condition

The support of columns at the base of the building is roller condition, it means there is no displacement in
the Y, Z direction and no rotation along X, Y, and Z directions. All the other nodes are free-condition.
Support condition of truss element is fixed condition, it means no displacement in the X and Y and Z
direction and no rotation in the X,Y and Z direction.

1.4 Configuration of Cross Section of Structure

The configure of cross section of structure obtain from design calculation, table 1.4.1 indicated
configuration of cross-section of the structure.

Table 1.4.1 Configuration of Cross Section Of Structure

No. Type of Structure [mm]
1 HSS 635 x 635 x 25.4
2 HSS 558.8 x 558.8 x 22.23
3 HSS 508 x 508 x 22.23
4 WF 800 x 300 x 14 x 22
5 WF 700 x 300 x 13 x 20
6 WF 600 x 300 x 12 x 17
7 WF 450 x 300 x 11 x 18
Location
Column level 1st until level 3rd
Column level 4th until level 9th
Column level 10th until level 12th
Beam level 1st until level 6th
Beam level 7th until level 9th
Beam level 10th until level 11th
Beam level 12th

2
1.5 Input of Gravity Load
The input of gravity of load is combination of 1 D + 1 L, where D is dead load and L is life load. It can
be showed by table 1.5.1

Table 1.5.1 Distributed load of Input of Gravity Load (1D+1L)

Combination Distributed Load
Location 2
Load 1D [kN/m ] 1L [kN/m2] 1D + 1L [kN/m2]
Level 1st until level 6th 6.02 2.53 8.55
1D+1L Level 7th until level 11th 5.99 2.53 8.52
Level 12th 4.62 1.03 5.65

The gravity load is calculated by multiplying section area of the node with distributed of load, where the
section area of node divided into eight type, it can be indicated byfigure 1.5.1.

Fig. 1.5.1 The section area of distributed of load

3
The weight of the node of the first level until the sixth level subjected to the gravity loads can be seen in
the table 1.5.2, The weight of the node of the seventh level until the eleventh level subjected to the
gravity loads can be seen in the table 1.5.3, The weight of the node of twelfth level subjected to the
gravity loads can be seen in the table 1.5.4

Table 1.5.2 The Weight of Node of 1stLevel Until 6th Level Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
36.94 73.88 79.27 80.80 73.88 147.76 158.53 161.61
Load [kN]

Table 1.5.3 The Weight of Node of 7th Level Until 11th Level Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
36.81 73.62 78.99 80.52 73.62 147.23 157.97 161.04
Load [kN]

Table 1.5.4 The Weight of Node of 12thLevel Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
24.39 48.78 52.34 53.36 48.78 97.57 104.68 106.71
Load [kN]

1.6 Input of Seismic Weight

The input of seismic of weight according to Indonesian code is 1D +0.25 L, where D is dead load and L is
life load. the input of seismic weight is calculated by multiplying section area of the node with distributed
load of seismic weight [1D +0.25L], where the distributed load of seismic weight indicated by table 1.6.1
and the section area of node same with the input of gravity load (figure 1.5.1) and figure (1.6.2)

Table 1.6.1 Distributed Load of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)

Combination Distributed Load
Location 2
Load 1D [kN/m ] 0.25L [kN/m2] 1D + 0.25 L [kN/m2]
Level 1st until level 6th 6.02 0.63 6.65
1 D + 0.25 L Level 7th until level 11th 5.99 0.63 6.62
Level 12th 4.62 0.26 4.88

The weight of the node for the first level until the sixth level of seismic weight can be seen in the table
1.6.2, The weight of the node for the seventh level until the eleventh level of seismic weight can be seen
in the table 1.6.3, The weight of the node for twelfth level of seismic weight can be seen in the table 1.6.4

4
Table 1.6.2 The Weight of Node of Base Floor of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6
Section Area
12.96 25.92 27.36 25.92 51.84 54.72
[m2]
Distributed Load
6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
86.184 172.368 181.944 172.368 344.736 363.888
Load [kN]

Table 1.6.3 The Weight of Node of 1st Level Until 6th Level of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
28.74 57.48 61.67 62.87 57.48 114.97 123.35 125.74
Load [kN]

5
 Table 1.6.4 The Weight of Node of 7th Level Until 11th Level of Input Of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
28.61 57.22 61.39 62.59 57.22 114.44 122.79 125.17
Load [kN]

Table 1.6.5 The Weight of Node of 12st of Input of seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2
Section Area [m ] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
21.06 42.11 45.18 46.06 42.11 84.22 90.36 92.12
Load [kN]

Table 1.6.6 Resume Distribution of input seismic weight (1D+0.25L)

Level 1 D [kN] 0.25 L [kN] 1D+0.25L [kN] (1D+0.25L) [kN]
0 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 112025.00
1 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 103211.00
2 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 94397.00
3 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 85583.00
4 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 76769.00
5 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 67955.00
6 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 59141.00
7 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 50327.00
8 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 41553.00
9 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 32779.00
10 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 24005.00
11 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 15231.00
12 6116.00 341.00 6457.00 6457.00

1.7 Input Properties of Base Isolation System

to DYNAT Program
The type of base isolation system in this study is high damping rubber bearing system (HDRB)
HT100X6R, where HDRB is a product of Bridgestone company (Japan), The Hysteresis calculation of
base isolator use billinear model. The equation to obatin elastic stiffness [K1], plastic stiffnes [K2], yield
shear force [Qy] and yield displacement [dy] according to this product where Max equal 2.7 could be
showed by below equations, Cross section area [A] equal 784900 mm 2, total heigh of rubber equal [H]
equal 248 mm.

Calculation equivalent shear modulus [Geq]

Geq=0.62 ( 2.8553.878 +2.903 21.016 3 + 0.1364 4 ) (1.0)

6
 Geq=0.62 ( 2.8553.878 2.7+ 2.903 2.721.016 2.7 3+ 0.1364 2.7 4 ) =0.495 N /mm2

Calculation equivalent stiffness [Keq]

A
K eq=Geq (2.0)
H

748900 N kN
Keq=0.495 =1566 =15.66
248 mm cm

Calculation Ratio Characterictic Strength to Maximum Shear Force [U]

U=0.408 ( 0.9028+0.2711 0.2083 2 +0.03421 3 ) (3.0)

U=0.408 ( 0.9028+0.2711 2.70.2083 2.72 +0.03421 2.73 ) =0.322

Calculation post yield stiffness [K2]

K 2=Keq ( 1U ) ( 4 .0)

kN
K 2=15.66 ( 10.322 ) =10.6167
cm

Calculation initial stiffness [K1]

K 1=10 K 2(5 .0)

kN
K 1=10 10.6167=106.167
cm

Calculation Characteristic Strength [Qd]

Qd=U Keq H (6.0)

7
 Qd=0.322 15.66 24.8 2.7=337.876 kN

Calculation yield shear force [Qy]

10
Qy= Qd(7.0)
9

10
Qy= 337.876 kN =375.417 kN
9

Calculation yield displacement [dy]

Qd
d y=
9K 2

337.876
dy= =3.533 cm
9 10.6167

Based on the result of calculation of properties base isolator, billinear hysteresis of base isolator
illustrated by figure 1.7.1
1200
QMax
1000

800
K2
600
Force [kN]
K equivalent
Qy 400

K1
200

0
DY DM
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Displacement [cm]

8
 Figure 1.7.1 hysteresis of base isolation system

According to the figure 1.7.1, the input of 36 base isolation system to DYNAT program can be showed by
table 1.7.1.

Table 1.7.1 Input Properties of Base Isolation System to DYNAT Program

Symbol Properties /unit base isolator Input to DYNAT Program
K1 [kN/cm] 106.167 3822.007
K2 [kN/cm] 10.617 382.201
QY [kN] 375.417 13515.043

1.8 Input of Seismic Load

9
 1600.00

1400.00

1200.00

1000.00(SMS Condition)
Padang Spectrum El Centro NS El Centro EW

SA [cm/sec2] 800.00

600.00

400.00

Kobe NS 200.00 Kobe EW

0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

Time Period [sec]

The input of seismic

load in this study used the results of a simulated earthquake ground motion program, the type of spectral
acceleration is SMS curve of Padang city (1.5 times of spectral design at short period), Where the original
data of ground motion input consists of four types of ground motion data which are El Centro EW, El
Centro NS, Kobe Ew, Kobe NS. The output of simulated earthquake ground motion show in figure 1.8.1.

Fig. 1.8.1 The Output of Simulated Ground Motion

The time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground motion of El Centro EW indicated
by figure 1.8.2, time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground motion of El Centro NS
indicated by figure 1.8.3, The time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground motion of
Kobe NS indicated by figure 1.8.4, The time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground
motion of Kobe EW indicated by figure 1.8.5.

10
 Fig. 1.8.2 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Elcentro-EW
According to figure 1.8.2 the maximum of acceleration for padang city of simulated earthquake ground
motion El Centro EW is 545.74 cm/sec2.

Fig. 1.8.3 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Elcentro-NS

According to figure 1.8.3 the maximum of acceleration for padang city of simulated earthquake ground
motion Elcentro EW is 553.44 cm/sec2.

Fig. 1.8.4 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Kobe-NS

According to figure 1.8.4 the maximum of acceleration for padang city of simulated earthquake ground
motion Kobe NS is 665.06 cm/sec2.

Fig. 1.8.5 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Kobe-EW

11
 According to figure 1.8.5 the maximum of acceleration for padang city of simulated earthquake ground
motion Kobe EW is 729.86 cm/sec2.

1.9 Method of Numerical Analysis

The method of numerical analysis uses Newmark-beta method for ordinary building and base isolator
building, where the numerical parameter of Newmark-beta method equal 4, and the time interval of
numerical analysis is 0.002 second. Type of damping uses rayleigh damping calculation. The equation of
rayleigh damping can be calculated by equation 1.0. where is natural frequency, h is damping, K is a
stiffness matrix and M is a mass matrix.

[ C ] =a0 [ M ] +a1 [ K ] (1.0)

2 h1 1 222 h1 2 12 2h 2 h2 2
a0 = 2 2
,a 1= 1 12 (2.0)
2 1 1 22

The value of
h1, 1 , h2, 2 of ordinary building is represented by table 1.8.1 and the value of

h1, 1 , h2, 2 of base isolator building is represented by table 1.8.2

Table 1.8.1 The Value of

h1 , 1 , h2 , 2 of Ordinary Building

No. Notation Value

1
h1, 2 [%]

2
h2, 2 [%]

3
1 4.06 [rad/sec]

4
2 11.21 [rad/sec] Value of damping take 2 % for ordinary
building because the type of structure is steel
structure that has damping value equal 2 %.

Table 1.8.2 The Value of

h1 , 1 , h2 , 2 of Base Isolator Building

No. Notation Value

1
h1, 2 [%]

2
h2, 2 [%]

3
1 3.43 [rad/sec]

4
2 9.56 [rad/sec]

12
Value of damping take 2 % for base isolator building because the dynamic calculation of structure use
billinear hysteresis till equivalent damping of base isolator is not necessary to consider.

The acceleration response spectrum for 2%, 5% and 19.42% damping of El Centro Ew, El Centro NS,
Kobe EW and Kobe NS can be seen by figure 1.9.1 until 1.9.4.

3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
El Centro-EW [h=2%] El Centro-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.9.1 Spectrum of Acceleration of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping

13
 3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
El Centro-NS [h=2%] El Centro-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.9.2 Spectrum of Acceleration of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping
3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
Kobe-NS [h=2%] Kobe-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.9.3 Spectrum of Acceleration of Kobe NS with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping
3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
Kobe-EW [h=2%] Kobe-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

14
 Fig. 1.9.4 Spectrum of Acceleration of Kobe EW with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping

Illustrated in Figure 1.9.1 until 1.9.4 the spectrum acceleration of structure with 2% damping is bigger
than 5% damping and also the spectrum acceleration of structure with 5% damping is bigger than
19.42%.

The velocity of response spectrum for 2%, 5% and 19.42% damping of El Centro-Ew, El Centro-NS,
Kobe EW and Kobe NS can be seen by figure 1.9.5 until 1.9.8.
600.00
400.00
SV [cm/sec] 200.00
El Centro-EW [h=2%] El Centro-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.9.5 Spectrum of Velocity of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping
600.00
400.00
SV [cm/sec] 200.00
El Centro-NS [h=2%] El Centro-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

15
 Fig. 1.9.6 Spectrum of Velocity of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping
400.00

SV [cm/sec] 200.00
Kobe-NS [h=2%] Kobe-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.9.7 Spectrum of Velocity of Kobe NS with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping
400.00

SV [cm/sec] 200.00
Kobe-EW [h=2%] Kobe-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.9.8 Spectrum of Velocity of Kobe EW with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping

Illustrated in Figure 1.9.5 until 1.9.8 the spectrum velocity of structure with 2% damping is bigger than
5% damping and also the spectrum velocity of structure with 5% damping is bigger than 19.42%.

The displacement response spectrum respsonse spectrum for 2%, 5% and 19.42% damping of El Centro
Ew, El Centro NS, Kobe EW and Kobe NS can be seen by figure 1.9.9 until 1.9.12.

16
 300.00
200.00
SD [cm] 100.00
El Centro-EW [h=2%] El Centro-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.9.9 Spectrum of Displacement of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping
200.00

SD [cm] 100.00
El Centro-NS [h=2%] El Centro-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.9.10 Spectrum of Displacement of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping
300.00
200.00
SD [cm] 100.00
Kobe-NS [h=2%] Kobe-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

17
 Fig. 1.9.11 Spectrum of Displacement of Kobe NS with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping
300.00
200.00
SD [cm] 100.00
Kobe-EW [h=2%] Kobe-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.9.12 Spectrum of Displacement of Kobe EW with 2%, 5% and 19.42% Damping

Illustrated in Figure 1.9.9 until 1.9.12 the spectrum displacement of structure with 2% damping is bigger
than 5% damping and also the spectrum displacement of structure with 5% damping is bigger than
19.42%.

1.10. Dynamic Eigen Value Analysis

The result of dynamic eigenvalue for nonlinear analysis obtain by DYNAT program, it can be seen
eigenvalue analysis of ordinary building in the table 1.10.1 and eigenvalue analysis of base isolator
building in the table 1.10.2. Where f is frequency, T is time period, h is damping, (X) is participation
factor in the X direction, (Y) is participation factor in the Y direction, (Z) is participation factor in the Z
direction, (X) is equivalent mass ratio in the X direction, (Y) is equivalent mass ratio in the Y direction
and (z) is equivalent mass ratio in the Z direction.

Table 1.10.1 Result of Eigen Value of Ordinary Building

MODE f [Hz] T [sec] h (X) (Y) (Z) (X) (Y) (Z)
1 0.64 1.56 0.02 8.97 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.00 0.00
2 0.66 1.52 0.02 0.00 -8.98 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00
3 1.77 0.57 0.02 3.48 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00
4 1.83 0.55 0.02 0.00 3.47 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00
5 3.01 0.33 0.03 -2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00
6 3.11 0.32 0.03 0.00 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00
7 4.35 0.23 0.04 -1.67 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00

18
 8 4.48 0.22 0.04 0.00 -1.66 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00
9 5.23 0.19 0.04 0.00 0.00 7.78 0.00 0.00 0.58
10 5.62 0.18 0.05 0.00 -0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 0.95 0.95 0.58

Table 1.10.2 Result of Eigen Value of Base Isolator Buiding

MODE f [Hz] T [sec] h (X) (Y) (Z) (X) (Y) (Z)
1 0.32 3.15 0.02 10.62 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00
2 0.66 1.52 0.02 0.00 8.98 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00
3 1.17 0.85 0.02 -1.18 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
4 1.83 0.55 0.03 0.00 -3.47 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00
5 2.25 0.44 0.03 -0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 3.11 0.32 0.04 0.00 -2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00
7 3.45 0.29 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 4.48 0.22 0.06 0.00 1.66 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00
9 4.82 0.21 0.07 -0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 5.23 0.19 0.07 0.00 0.00 -7.78 0.00 0.00 0.58
Total 1.00 0.95 0.58

The summation of equivalent mass ratio in the X direction of table 1.10.1 eigen analysis is 0.95 and the
summation of equivalent mass ratio in the X direction of table 1.10.2 eigen analysis is 1.00 according to
Indonesian code SNI 1726-2014 clause 7.9.1 the minimum summation equivalent mass ratio is 0.90, its
mean the result calculation of dynamic eigen value analysis is ok. Based on the participation factor in the
x direction of table 1.10.1 and 1.10.2, the main of mode shape are mode number [1], [3], [5] and [7].

1.11 Mode Shape

The figure 1.11.1 represent main of mode shape of ordinary building.

19
 12.00

10.00

8.00

6.00
MODE 1ST MODE 3rd MODE 5th

4.00

2.00

0.00
-0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Fig. 1.11.1 Main of Mode Shape of Ordinary Building

The figure 1.11.2 represent main of mode shape of base isolator building.

20
 12.00

10.00

8.00

6.00
MODE 1ST MODE 3rd MODE 5th

4.00

2.00

0.00
-1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50

Fig. 1.11.2 Main of Mode Shape of Ordinary Building

Illustrated on figure 1.11.1 and 1.11.2 the dominant mode shape is the 1st mode shape, it show
displacement building when subjected to the seismic load

1.12. Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary Building and Base Isolator Building
The figure 1.12.1 represent maximum response displacement of ordinary building linear, nonlinear
condition and base isolator building of El Centro EW ground motion in the X direction

21
 12
10
8
Level
6
4
2
0NON LINEAR LINEAR BASE ISOLATOR

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Max. Displacement [cm]

Fig. 1.12.1 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement Of Ordinary Building

And Base Isolator Building Of El Centro EW

Illustrated on figure 1.12.1 the biggest of displacement is linear analysis ordinary building, and the
smallest of displacement is base isolator building.

22
 12
10
8
6

Level
NON LINEAR LINEAR BASE ISOLATOR
4
2
0

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00

Max. Displacement [cm]

The figure 1.12.2

represent maximum response displacement of ordinary building linear, nonlinear condition and base
isolator building of El Centro NS ground motion in the X direction

Fig. 1.12.2 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement Of Ordinary Building

And Base Isolator Building Of El Centro NS

Illustrated on figure 1.12.2 the biggest of displacement is linear analysis ordinary building, and the
smallest of displacement is base isolator building.
The figure 1.12.3 represent maximum response displacement of ordinary building linear, nonlinear
condition and base isolator building of Kobe EW ground motion in the X direction

23
 12
10
8
Level
6
4
2
0NON LINEAR LINEAR BASE ISOLATOR

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Max. Displacement [cm]

Fig. 1.12.3 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement Of Ordinary Building

And Base Isolator Building Of Kobe EW

Illustrated on figure 1.12.3 the biggest of displacement is linear analysis ordinary building, and the
smallest of displacement is base isolator building.

The figure 1.12.4 represent maximum response displacement of ordinary building linear, nonlinear
condition and base isolator building of Kobe NS ground motion in the X direction

24
 12
10
8
Level
6
4
2
0 NON LINEAR LINEAR BASE ISOLATOR

0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Max. Displacement [cm]

Fig. 1.12.4 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement Of Ordinary Building

And Base Isolator Building Of Kobe NS

Illustrated on figure 1.12.4 the biggest of displacement is linear analysis ordinary building, and the
smallest of displacement is base isolator building.
The value of nonlinear analysis ordinary building and base isolator building of all figure 1.12.1 until
1.12.4 showed by table 1.12.1.

Table 1.12.1 Maximum Response Displacement Nonlinear Ordinary And Base Isolator Building
El Centro NS [cm] El Centro EW [cm] Kobe NS [cm] Kobe EW [cm]
Level Base Base Base Base
Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary
Isolator Isolator Isolator Isolator
1.00 2.77 21.72 3.31 34.75 3.29 15.41 2.78 27.82
2.00 9.02 23.94 11.27 37.38 11.09 17.26 8.70 30.22
3.00 16.93 26.30 22.36 40.05 21.91 19.16 16.29 32.70
4.00 25.23 29.02 35.29 42.92 34.69 21.33 24.70 35.48
5.00 31.72 31.61 47.03 45.47 46.76 23.39 31.99 38.04
6.00 36.06 34.03 56.00 47.75 56.45 25.30 37.51 40.39
7.00 39.49 36.43 62.94 49.92 63.96 27.19 41.99 42.68
8.00 42.82 38.73 68.68 51.96 69.67 28.99 45.95 44.83
9.00 45.78 40.69 73.27 53.67 73.61 30.50 49.10 46.62
10.00 48.34 42.55 77.05 55.24 76.59 31.87 51.43 48.24
11.00 50.10 44.03 79.68 56.47 78.69 32.92 52.78 49.47
12.00 51.15 44.99 81.12 57.26 79.89 33.59 53.40 50.26

According to the table 1.12.1 the value of response displacement of nonlinear ordinary building is bigger
than response displacement base isolator building. The biggest of displacement of ordinary building is El
Centro EW and the smallest of displacement of ordinary building is Elcentro NS. The biggest of
displacement of base isolator building is El Centro EW and the smallest of displacement of base isolator
building is Kobe NS.

1.13 Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building and Base Isolator Building

25
The figure 1.13.1 represent response story drift of ordinary building and base isolator building of El
Centro EW ground motion in the X direction.

12
10
YIELD POINT NON LINEAR

8
Level
6

LINEAR BASE ISOLATOR

4
2

UPPER LIMIT ORDINARY UPPER LIMIT BASE ISOLATION

0

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00

Max. Drift [cm]

Fig. 1.13.1 Distribution Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolator Building of El Centro EW

Illustrated in figure 1.13.1 the maximum story drift occur in the 4th story, the story drift for nonlinear
analysis of ordinary building is bigger than base islolator building. The story drift of non linear ordinary
building is bigger than upper of limit story drift ordinary building and The story drift of base isolator
building is smaller than upper of limit story drift base isolator and upper of limit story drift ordinary
building.

The figure 1.13.2 represent response story drift of ordinary building and base isolator building of El
Centro NS ground motion in the X direction.

26
 12
10
YIELD POINT
8
NON LINEAR

Story
6

LINEAR BASE ISOLATOR

4
2

UPPER LIMIT ORDINARY UPPER LIMIT BASE ISOLATION

0

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00

Max. Drift [cm]

Fig. 1.13.2 Distribution Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolator Building of El Centro NS

Illustrated in figure 1.13.2 the maximum story drift occur in the 4th story, the story drift for nonlinear
analysis of ordinary building is bigger than base islolator building. The story drift of non linear ordinary
building is bigger than upper limit story drift ordinary building and The story drift of base isolator
building is smaller than upper of limit story drift base isolator and upper of limit story drift ordinary
building.

The figure 1.13.3 represent response story drift of ordinary building and base isolator building of Kobe
EW ground motion in the X direction.

27
 12
10
YIELD POINT NON LINEAR

8
Level
6
LINEAR
4
2 BASE ISOLATOR

UPPER LIMIT ORDINARY UPPER LIMIT BASE ISOLATION

0

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00

Max. Drift [cm]

Fig. 1.13.3 Distribution Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolator Building of Kobe EW

Illustrated in figure 1.13.3 the maximum story drift occur in the 4th story, the story drift for nonlinear
analysis of ordinary building is bigger than base islolator building. The story drift of non linear ordinary
building is bigger than with upper of limit story drift ordinary building and The story drift of base isolator
building is smaller than upper of limit story drift base isolator and upper of limit story drift ordinary
building.

The figure 1.13.4 represent response story drift of ordinary building and base isolator building of Kobe
NS ground motion in the X direction.

28
 12
10
YIELD POINT NON LINEAR

8
Story

6
LINEAR BASE ISOLATOR
4
2

UPPER LIMIT ORDINARY UPPER LIMIT BASE ISOLATION

0

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00

Max. Drift [cm]

Fig. 1.13.4 Distribution Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolator Building of Kobe NS

Illustrated in figure 1.13.4 the maximum story drift occur in the 4th story, the story drift for nonlinear
analysis of ordinary building is bigger than base isolator building. The story drift of nonlinear ordinary
building is bigger than upper of limit story drift ordinary building and the story drift of base isolator
building is smaller than upper of limit story drift base isolator and upper of limit story drift ordinary
building.

According to the figure 1.13.1 until 1.13.4 the maximum story drift occur in the 4th story and all figure
maximum story drift of ordinary building is bigger than the upper limit of story drift ordinary building.
The story drift of base isolator building is smaller than the ordinary building. The values of story drift
nonlinear ordinary building and base isolator building of all figure 1.13.1 until 1.13.4 showed by table
1.13

Table 1.13.1 The Value Of Story Drift Non Linear Ordinary Building And Base Isolator Building
UPPER LIMIT
El Centro NS El Centro EW Kobe NS Kobe EW
STORY DRIFT
Level
Base Base Base Base Base
Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary
Isolator Isolator Isolator Isolator Isolator
1 2.77 1.34 3.31 1.62 3.29 1.14 2.78 1.48 8.08 8.40

29
 2 6.25 2.22 7.96 2.63 7.80 1.85 5.92 2.40 8.08 8.40
3 7.91 2.36 11.09 2.67 10.82 1.90 7.59 2.48 8.08 8.40
4 8.30 2.72 12.93 2.87 12.78 2.17 8.41 2.78 8.08 8.40
5 6.49 2.59 11.74 2.55 12.07 2.06 7.29 2.56 8.08 8.40
6 4.34 2.42 8.97 2.28 9.69 1.91 5.52 2.35 8.08 8.40
7 3.43 2.40 6.94 2.17 7.51 1.89 4.48 2.29 8.08 8.40

Table 1.13.1 The Value Of Story Drift Non Linear Ordinary Building And Base Isolator Building
UPPER LIMIT
El Centro NS El Centro EW Kobe NS Kobe EW
STORY DRIFT
Level
Base Base Base Base Base
Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary
Isolator Isolator Isolator Isolator Isolator
8 3.33 2.30 5.74 2.04 5.71 1.80 3.96 2.15 8.08 8.40
9 2.96 1.96 4.59 1.71 3.94 1.51 3.15 1.79 8.08 8.40
10 2.56 1.86 3.78 1.57 2.98 1.37 2.33 1.62 8.08 8.40
11 1.76 1.48 2.63 1.23 2.10 1.05 1.35 1.23 8.08 8.40
12 1.05 0.96 1.44 0.79 1.20 0.67 0.62 0.79 8.08 8.40

According to the table 1.13.1, The biggest story drift occurs in the 4th story and the biggest story drift of
nonlinear ordinary building is El Centro EW with the value of story drift equal 12.93 cm. The biggest
story drift of nonlinear ordinary building is El Centro EW with the value of story drift equal 2.87 cm. It
can be concluded the story drift of ordinary building, not ok because the story drift is bigger than the
upper limit of story drift, the story drift of base isolator building is ok because the upper limit of story
drift is smaller than the upper limit of story drift.

1.14 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Story of Ordinary Building and Base Isolator Building
The maximum layer shear force each story of ordinary building and base isolator building illustrated by
figure 1.14.1 until 1.14.4.

The figure 1.14.1 represent maximum layer shear force each story of ordinary building and base isolator
building of El Centro EW ground motion in the X direction.

30
 12
10
8
Story

6
ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING
4
2
0

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

MAX. Shear Force [kN]

Fig. 1.14.1 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Story of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolator Building El Centro EW

Illustrated in figure 1.14.1 the maximum layer shear force of ordinary building is bigger than base isolator
building and the value of the maximum layer shear force of 1st story of the ordinary building is 36910 kN
and the value of maximum layer shear force at the 1st story of base isolator building is 29270 kN.

The figure 1.14.2 represent maximum layer shear force each level of ordinary building and base isolator
building of El Centro NS ground motion in the X direction.

31
 12
10
8
Story

6
ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING
4
2
0

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

MAX. Shear Force [kN]

Fig. 1.14.2 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Level of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolator Building El Centro NS

Illustrated in figure 1.14.2 the maximum layer shear force of ordinary building is bigger than base isolator
building and the value of the maximum layer shear force of 1st story of the ordinary building is 37710 kN
and the value of maximum layer shear force at the 1st story of base isolator building is 25010 kN.

32
 12
10
8

Story
6

ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING

4
2
0

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

MAX. Shear Force [kN]

The figure 1.14.3

represent maximum layer shear force each level of ordinary building and base isolator building of Kobe
EW ground motion in the X direction.

Fig. 1.14.3 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Level of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolator Building Kobe EW

Illustrated in figure 1.14.3 the maximum layer shear force of ordinary building is bigger than base isolator
building and the value of the maximum layer shear force of 1st story of the ordinary building is 34220 kN
and the value of maximum layer shear force at the 1st story of base isolator building is 21820 kN.

The figure 1.14.4 represent maximum layer shear force each level of ordinary building and base isolator
building of Kobe NS ground motion in the X direction.

33
 12
10
8
Story

6
ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING
4
2
0

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

MAX. Shear Force [kN]

Fig. 1.14.4 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Level of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolator Building Kobe NS

Illustrated in figure 1.14.4 the maximum layer shear force of ordinary building is bigger than base isolator
building and the value of the maximum layer shear force of 1st story of the ordinary building is 35850 kN
and the value of maximum layer shear force at the 1st story of base isolator building is 26780 kN.

1.15 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Ordinary and Base Isolator Building
According to the figure 1.13.1 until 1.13.4, the biggest story drift of El Centro EW, El Centro NS, Kobe
EW and Kobe NS ground motion occur in the 4th story. The figure 1.15.1 until 1.15.4 represent maximum
response story drift El Centro-EW, El Centro-NS, Kobe-EW and Kobe-NS ground motion in the 4th
story of linear and nonlinear and pushover analysis in the X direction.

34
 40000.00

30000.00

20000.00
LINEAR (ORDINARY) NON LINEAR (ORDINARY)
10000.00
Shear Force [kN]
0.00
-5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00
-10000.00
BASE ISOLATION BUILDING PUSHOVER ANALYSIS
-20000.00

-30000.00
Drift [cM]

UPPER
YIELD POINT
LIMIT
ORDINARY
UPPER
LIMIT
BASE ISOLATOR

Fig. 1.15.1 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Ordinary
and Base Isolator Building Elcentro-EW

Illustrated in figure 1.15.1 the 4th story is an elasto plastic condition because the yield point of the
structure is 3.10 cm. The value of the shear force of nonlinear ordinary building is 30970 kN and value of
story drift is 12.93 cm. The value of the shear force of base isolator building is 22880 kN and value of
story drift is 2.87 cm.

35
 100000.00
80000.00
60000.00
40000.00
LINEAR (ORDINARY) NON LINEAR (ORDINARY)
20000.00
Shear Force [kN] 0.00
-15.00 -10.00-20000.00
-5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00
-40000.00
-60000.00
BASE ISOLATION BUILDING PUSHOVER ANALYSIS
-80000.00
-100000.00
Drift [cM]

UPPER
LIMIT YIELD POINT
ORDINARY
UPPER
LIMIT
BASE ISOLATOR

Fig. 1.15.2 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Ordinary
and Base Isolator Building El Centro NS

Illustrated in figure 1.15.2 the 4th story is an elasto plastic condition because the yield point of the
structure is 3.10 cm. The value of the shear force of nonlinear ordinary building is 29240 kN and value of
story drift is 8.30 cm. The value of the shear force of base isolator building is 22220 kN and value of
story drift is 2.72 cm.

36
 50000.00

25000.00

0.00
LINEAR (ORDINARY BUILDING) NON LINEAR (ORDINARY)
-10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00
Shear Force [kN] -25000.00

-50000.00

BASE ISOLATION BUILDING

-75000.00 PUSHOVER ANALYSIS

-100000.00
Drift [cm]

UPPER
YIELD POINT
LIMIT
ORDINARY

UPPER
LIMIT
BASE ISOLATOR

Fig. 1.15.3 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Ordinary
and Base Isolator Building Kobe EW

Illustrated on figure 1.15.3 the 4th story is elasto plastic condition because the yield point of structure is
3.10 cm. The value of the shear force of ordinary building is 28840 kN and value of story drift is 8.41 cm.
The value of the shear force of base isolator building is 17780 kN and value of story drift is 2.78 cm.

37
 40000.00

30000.00

20000.00
LINEAR (ORDINARY BUILDING) NON LINEAR (ORDINARY)
10000.00
Shear Force [kN]
0.00
-5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00
-10000.00
BASE ISOLATION BUILDING
-20000.00 PUSHOVER ANALYSIS

-30000.00
Drift [cm]

UPPER
YIELD POINT
LIMIT
ORDINARY
UPPER
LIMIT
BASE ISOLATOR

Fig. 1.15.4 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Ordinary
and Base Isolator Building Kobe NS

Illustrated in figure 1.14.1 the 4th story is an elasto plastic condition because the yield point of the
structure is 3.10 cm. The value of the shear force of ordinary building is 29770 kN and value of story drift
is 12.78 cm. The value of the shear force of base isolator building is 22500 kN and value of story drift is
2.17 cm.

1.16 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolator Building (Base Floor)
The figure 1.16.1 until 1.16.4 represent maximum response story drift of Base Isolator Building El
Centro-EW, El Centro NS, Kobe EW and Kobe NS ground motion at the base floor in the X direction.

38
 20000.00
15000.00
10000.00
5000.00
0.00
Force [kN] -70.00 -50.00 -30.00 -10.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00
-5000.00
-10000.00
-15000.00
-20000.00
-25000.00
-30000.00
Drift [cm]

UPPER
LIMIT
BASE ISOLATOR

Fig. 1.16.1 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolator Building
(Base Floor) Elcentro-EW
Illustrated in figure 1.16.1 the maximum story drift of base floor is 34.75 cm and the maximum of the
shear force is 25130 kN.

39
 25000.00
20000.00
15000.00
10000.00
5000.00
Force [kN]
0.00
-70.00 -50.00 -30.00
-5000.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00
-10.00
-10000.00
-15000.00
-20000.00
Drift [cm]

UPPER
LIMIT
BASE ISOLATOR

Fig. 1.16.2 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolator Building
(Base Floor) El Centro NS

Illustrated in figure 1.16.2 the maximum story drift of base floor is 21.72 cm and the maximum of the
shear force is 20800 kN.

40
 25000.00
20000.00
15000.00
10000.00
5000.00
Force [kN] 0.00
-70.00 -50.00 -30.00
-5000.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00
-10.00
-10000.00
-15000.00
-20000.00
-25000.00
Drift [cm]

UPPER
LIMIT
BASE ISOLATOR

Fig. 1.16.3 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolator Building
(Base Floor) Kobe EW

Illustrated in figure 1.16.3 the maximum story drift of base floor is 27.82 cm and the maximum of the
shear force is 19200 kN.

41
 20000.00
15000.00
10000.00
5000.00
0.00
Force [kN] -70.00 -50.00 -30.00
-5000.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00
-10.00
-10000.00
-15000.00
-20000.00
-25000.00
-30000.00
Drift [cm]

UPPER
LIMIT
BASE ISOLATOR

Fig. 1.16.4 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolator Building
(Base Floor) Kobe NS

Illustrated in figure 1.16.4 the maximum story drift of base floor is 33.22 cm and the maximum of the
shear force is 24100 kN.

According to the figure 1.16.1 until 1.16.4 all of the maximum of story drift of base isolator smaller than
upper limit drift of base isolator.

Conclusion
The use of base isolator system on the building with the category of high seismic intensity area is
very effective to reduce the danger of earthquake risk. It can be proved by the analysis that has
been performed on the seismic performance analysis of the base isolator system building and
ordinary building. The result shows that the building using base isolator system can extend the time

42
period of the building which has an effect on reducing the acceleration values in the buildings and
also reducing the shear force of the earthquake.

All of the levels of the behavior of the ordinary building when subjected to the earthquake has the
elastoplastic condition but all of the levels of the behavior of the isolator building when subjected to
the earthquake, all of the levels has the elastic condition. The use of base isolators in the buildings
can minimize displacement large and story drift of the structure. It can be seen from the studies
that have been done by a very noticeable difference from the value of story drift in the building
base isolator system and ordinary building where the value of the maximum story drift of the
building with base isolator system is 2.87 cm and the value of the maximum story drift of ordinary
building is 12.93 cm. According to Indonesia code, the upper limit of the story drift in this study for
ordinary buildings is 8.08 cm and the upper limit of the story drift base isolator building is 8,40 cm.
It can be concluded that the story drift of ordinary building is bigger than the upper limit story
drift of ordinary building and the story drift of base isolator building is smaller than the upper limit
of the story drift of base isolator system.

43