Introduction (Sand):

Cell transport is just like when we walk through the door. Sometimes we can walk
through easily, sometimes we need keys, or sometimes there is a security guard. This is
similar to how cell transport the substances and the door is refer to a cell membrane. Cell
membrane is a part of cell that separate the inside and outside cell and is selectively
permeable which control the movement of substance from inside and outside cell. The
substances that are small and non-polar would pass directly through the cell membrane but
the substances that are large and have ions would require a channel or carrier protein.
(Khanacademy, n.d.) Membrane transport can be divided into 2 types which are active
transport and passive transport. Active transport is the one type that requires energy for
transporting substance because it allows substance to move inside and outside cell from low
concentration gradient to high centration gradient which this is against the concentration. For
passive transport, it allows some substances to move inside and outside of cell from high
concentration gradient to low concentration gradient which is along the concentration so they
would not require an energy. Passive transport can be divided into three types which are
simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis. Simple diffusion allows some substances
pass through the cell membrane from high concentration gradient to low concentration
gradient. Facilitated diffusion requires channel or carrier protein to help the substances pass
through the cell membrane. Osmosis is different from the others because this process allows
only water can pass through and the water move from low concentration gradient to high
concentration gradient or from the more water to the less water. From this process, the
solutions can be divided into two types which are hypertonic and hypotonic. Hypertonic
refers to a solution that has more solute. Conversely, hypotonic refers to a solution that has
less solute.

The purpose of this lab is to demonstrate the osmosis. In the experiment, we used the
jelly and potato for observing which both of them were soaked in both distilled water and salt
water. First we measured the mass and volume of jellies and potatoes before soaking. After
they were soaking in both distilled water and salt water for a hour, we measured the mass
and volume of them again. If the mass and volume of the jelly and potato that soaked in
distilled water were increased, it means distilled water is hypotonic solution and the jelly and
potato are hypertonic solution so the water would move into them. If the mass and volume of
the jelly and potato that soaked in salt water were decreased, it means salt water is
hypertonic solution and the jelly and potato are hypotonic solution so the water would move
out of them.

References

Diffusion and passive transport (n.d.). from

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport/passive-transport/
a/diffusion-and-passive-transport
Passive transport and active transport across a cell membrane article (n.d.). from
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/transport-across-a-cell-membrane/a/pass
ive-transport-and-active-transport-across-a-cell-membrane-article