Chapter 3

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the study, its findings, its
conclusions based on the

findings and recommendations for future research study.

Summary

This study was aimed to determine the level of non-compliance on

infection control practices

among midwives and nurses in tje prevention of health care associated infection in
lying-in clinics of

selected Barangays in Cebu City.

The study was grounded to Florence Nightingales Environmental Theory.

The research design

used was descripted design and the statistical tool was a simple percentage and
weighted mean.

The pilot study was conducted in Barangay Apas in order to determine the
validity of the tool used.

The actual research study was conducted in Margfarita, Daisy, and Agnes Birthing
Clinics.

The summary of the numerical data from the initial database gathering and
actual data, and

scores was obtained.

Findingss

The findings of the study were based on the answers stipulated in tha
problem statement. It has

4 categories, namely: the profile of the respondents, the level of compliance of

infection practices, the

factors that contributed to non-compliance, and the proposed enhancement

program.

The majority of the respondents fall on the age range of 21-25 years old and
the most of them

are females if not all. The majority of the respondents have a two-year associate
Diploma in Midwifery.

The respondents have a 1-5 years working experience.

LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE ON INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES

According to Florence Nightingales Environmental Theory, the theorist

emphasized that

infection control practices are critical factors in improving the health of patients in
any health care

settings. She viewed that a clean environment is absolutely imperative in sustaining

the overall werll-

being of the patients, as well as preventive means to acquire any illness.

Nightingale noted that a dirty

physical environment was a source of infection acquired by the patients upon their
stay in any health

care setting.

The result obtained by our study indicates that hand hygiene was the most
complied practices
by registered midwives and nurses in lying-in clinics . It garnered the highest
weighted mean . Followed

by the practice of environmental asepsis and the least applied infection control
practice was the aseptic

technique. Although the researchers did not achieve the perfect weighted mean,
number four, the

results are still in the category of always complied.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions drawn, the researchers would like to
recommends the

following:

1. To use the sample handout reinforcement on infection control practices in the

prevention of health

care associated infections in lying-in clinics.

2. To highlight in the lying-in clinics the importance of using personal protective

equipments upon

handling deliveries.

3. To include more practices on complying the use of bonnet, the use of eye wear,
scrub suit, and hand

sanitizers.

4. To practice the proper infectious waste management disposal.

5. An increase in the sample size to increase the power of tests to find a

difference if there is one to be

found.

6. To conduct in the different lying-in clinics to compare if there are other variance
towards infection
 control practices.

PROPOSED HANDOUT REINFORCEMENT ON INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES IN THE

PREVENTION OF

HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTION IN LYING-IN CLINICS

USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Nurses and Midwives should wear personal protective equipment, if at risk of

exposure to

blood, body fluids, and non-intact skin. This may include scrub suit, gloves, bonnet,
face mask and eye

wear to prevent self from acquiring health care associated infections and protect
transfer of

microorganism.

Disposable Gloves

As with all items of the PPE, the need for gloves and selection of appropriate
materials must be
subject to a careful assessment of the task to be carried out and its related risk to
the resident/client

and health worker. The assessment should include:

Who is a risk and whether sterile or non-sterile gloves are

required

What the risk is i.e contract with non-intact skin or mucous

membranes during

general care and any invasive care.

Gloves are required when contact with bloody or body fluids or non-
intact skin is anticipated.

They should be single use and well fitting. Sensitivity to natural rubber latex
or to the powder

withion the gloves to service or users and care personnel must be

documented and alternatives

to rubber latex gloves must be available.

Gloves are not suitable for hand hygiene. Gloves must be discarded
after each care
Activity for which they were worn, in order to prevent transmission of
microorganism to other

sites in that individual or to other service users .Washing gloves rather than
changing them is

not safe and therefore not recommended. Hands should always be

decontaminated (washed

with alcohol or hand sanitizer) following the removal of gloves.

Bonnet, Facemask and Eye Wear

These should be worn when a procedure is likely to cause splashing

with blood or body

fluids in the eyes, face or mouth or when it is recommended by infection

control personnel. It is
 rare that such protection is necessary in a care of clients on his/her own
home. However , such

personal protective equipment should be stored in the care environmental in

case of an

emergency.

Clinical Waste

Any waste which consist wholly or partly human or animal

tissue, blood or other

body fluids, excretions, drugs or other pharmaceutical products,

soled swabs or

dressing , or syringes, needles or other sharp instruments, being

waste which,

unless rendered safely, may prove to be hazardous to any

person coming into

contact with it.

Any other waste arising from medical, nursing, dental

,veterinary,

pharmaceutical or similar practice, investigation, treatment care,

teaching or

research, or the collection of blood and tissue samples being

waste which may

cause infection to any other person coming contact with it.

Infectious Waste

The Hazardous Waste Regulations define infectious waste as

substance

containing viable microorganism or their toxins. Which are known

reliably believed

to cause disease in man or other living organism ( Traditionally

known as Clinical
 waste).

Offensive Hygiene Waste

These are non-infectious ( human waste and sanitary protection waste

such as sanitary

napkins, incontinence pada etc.). which does not require specialist

treatment or

disposal, but which may

cause offense those coming contact with it.

Segregation of Waste

A national color coding system has been developed. Most infectious

clinical waste

generated in the community setting will be disposed of the orange

package stream.

Non-infectious

waste is considered to be offensive. It can be disposed of in a yellow

bags with black

trips.

Assessment of Hazard

Infectious waste are waste that have been generated from a person
with signs and

symptoms of infections and will be considered infectious or potentially

infectious and

should be disposed of an orange waste streams.

Handling of Waste

1. Waste should be segregated at the point of origin.

2 Personal protective clothing should be worn when handling waste.

3. Waste should be:

Correctly bagged in the appropriate coloured bag to

prevent spillage.

-The exterior of the bag is contaminated

-The original bag is split, damaged or leaking.

Only filled full.

Security sealed and labelled.

4 .Waste should not to:

Be decanted into other bags.

Be contaminated on the outside.

Sharps must be disposed of into appropriate colour

coded sharp

containers.

Sharp container should never be placed into a waste bag.

All staff handling waste should receive appropriate

training to carry out the procedure safety.