The nervous system

There are 2 components

Brain
The Central nervous
system (CNS)
consists of the
Spinal coard
brain and spinal
cord
Recognize and
command
information
The peripheral neuvous system (PNS)
consists of all nerves outside the CNS

consists of 2 systems:
Somatic nervous System (SNS): control the
voluntary muscle
Autonomic nervous System (ANS): control the
involuntary muscle
The nervous system consists of 2 types of cell

Neuron or nerve cell:

consists many mitochondria,
RER or Nissl body which help
making protein, and
intermediate filament, called
microfilament

Glial cell or
supporting cell:
support neuron such
 The basic unit of the nervous
system that receives and transmit
information from outside body to
the brain .
Also known as

Neurons
Axon terminal
Dendrite

Axons
Soma cell body
Cell body or Soma
-Contain nucleus and organelles
-main part of neuron
-gather information
-diameters is 3 to 18 micrometers
An branches part that used
to communicate with other
cells. Its size and function
are depended on the types
of cell
Dendrite
s
 Dendrites Axons
Several dendrites in neuron Only one Axon in neuron
receive messages from other cells transmit impulse from the cell body to
carry the electrical signal from other another cell.
cells Have ribosomes
No ribosome - tip part of axon was also known as
- roots end brust
Its
function
Sensory neuron
-Carry messages from the senses organ
-Carry messages from senses organ
such as senses of sight, touch, hearing,
taste, and smell or from the receptor on
the skin to the brain and spinal cord
Motor neuron
or efferent neuron
Carry messages to the brain and
back to the body
 Interneurons or
association neuron
connected neuron together in
order to do the specific function
such as Sensory neuron and Motor
neuron
located in the brain and spinal
cord
 Pseudo- unipolar
One extension connected to the cell body.
sensory neuron
located in dorsal root ganglion

Bipolar neurons
Two extension connected to the cell body.
sensory neuron
located in the nose, ear, retina (eyes), Labyrinth (ears), and olfactory bulb (forebrain)

Multipolar neurons
Many extensions connected to the cell body
located in spinal cord
.
How does nervous system work
They function by using electrical
simulation
 Organelles
organelles in cell body
Organelles in dendrites
Organelles in Axons
 organelles
In cell
BODY
organelles
(EXTRA)
Polyribosomes
group of ribosomes that join with
mRNA in order to help making the
protein in Translation
endosomes
membrane bounded organelle
carry materials to the body

Axon Hillock
connect the cell body and axon
 organelles
in
Axon
organelles
(EXTRA)
Myelin Sheath
- protection
- insulator that partition between inside and
outside of axon
Synapses
- Electrical synapse
- Chemical synaptic

Nodes of Ranvier
space between axon and
Myelin sheath
 Synapse
o part of the axon tips
and dendrites of another
cell

Synaptic cleft
o space between one
neuron and another
neuron
Neurofilaments
o a type of intermediate filament

organelles o Maintain shape and mechanical strength

Neurotransmitter:
o A chemical that is made by
in Receptor
nerve cells.
o used to communicate with

Dendrites sensory on the synapse tips other nerve cells or other type of
cells such as muscle cell
The Membrane potential
difference in voltage between the electrodes
Normally, the membrane potential inside the
cell membrane is negative and outside the cell
membrane is positive.

How do we measure the electric potential?

cathode ray oscilloscope (Volt)
Synapse

Electrical synapse
-function and structure arent
complicated
-signals can pass through easily

Chemical synapse
-use chemical, called
Neurotransmitter to communicate
-signals pass through harder
-most synapses are chemical synapse
 Interesting
Number Facts
of neurons in the
brain
Fruit Fly: 100 thousand
neurons
Cockroach: One million
neurons
Mouse: 75 million neurons
Cat: One billion neurons
Elephant: 23 billion
neurons
human 100 billion neurons
octopus brain = 300