Wye Wye Three Phase balanced system Analysis

2771

Department of Electrical Engineering

Fast nu Islamabad

24 April 2014

AbstractThis document is about wye wye

Three phase system analysis. This would help us to understand

the basic concepts of 3 phase wye wye system.

How the document is organized:

Keywords:

Y-Y= wye wye balanced system ,NVA=node voltage analysis, S=complex power

Introduction

Background required to understand this topic

Three phase generator with load

Power calculation

Examples

Links used
Introduction: to the load, the system is called a Y-connected, three-
phase, three-wire generator. If the neutral is
Basically I will discuss a very important section of connected, the system is a Y-connected,
electrical engineering known as wye wye balanced three-phase, four-wire generator
system. It is quiet helpful in our power systems or
electric power generation processes. I have discussed
various aspects related to this system with some
precious knowledge which I will share in this article.

Background:

A polyphase system is basically an ac system

composed of a certain number of
single-phase ac systems having the same frequency
and operating in sequence.
Each phase of a polyphase system (i.e., the phase of
each single-phase
ac system) is displaced from the next by a certain
angular interval. In any
polyphase system, the value of the angular interval
between each phase
The three points A,B,C are connected to the loads
depends on the number of phases in the system.
throughs wires/lines. In Y connected generator line
Three-phase systems, also referred to as three-phase curren t is equal to the phase current for each phase
circuits, are polyphase
systems that have three phases, as their name implies. PHASE SEQUENCE:
They are no more
complicated to solve than single-phase circuits. In the The phase sequence can be determined by the order
majority of cases, threephase in which the phasors representing the phase voltages
circuits are symmetrical and have identical pass through a fixed point on the phasor diagram if
impedances in each of the the phasors are rotated in a counterclockwise
circuits three branches (phases). Each branch can be direction. For example, in Fig. 22.9 the phase
treated exactly as a sequence is ABC. However, since the fixed point can
single-phase circuit, because a balanced three-phase be chosen anywhere on the phasor diagram, the
circuit is simply a sequence can also be written as BCA or CAB. The
combination of three single-phase circuits. Therefore, phase sequence is quite important in the three-phase
voltage, current, and power distribution of power. In a threephase
relationships for three-phase circuits can be motor, for example, if two phase voltages are
determined using the same basic interchanged, the sequence will change, and the
equations and methods developed for single-phase direction of rotation of the motor will be reversed.
circuits. Non-symmetrical, or
unbalanced, three-phase circuits represent a special
condition and their analysis
is more complex.

BALANCED GENERATOR:

A three phase generator consist of three inducting

coils which are 120 apart from each other on a stator.
If three terminals of the generator are connected in
such a manner that they form a common point N as
shown in figure is referred to be a Y connected three
phase generator. The point at which three terminals
are connected is known as neutral point. If a
conductor is not attached from this point
 Vn=0
THREE PHASE WYE WYE SYSTEM ANALYSIS: Balanced three-phase line currents

If the supplies connected to the load is of V a' nVn V a' n

configuration Y and load connected to it is also Y IaA= =
connected then such a system is known as wye wye Za+ Z 1 a+Zga Zo
circuit.
' '
V b nVn Vbn
IbB= =
Zb+Z 1 b+ Zgb Zo

'
V c nVn Vc ' n
IcC= =
Zc +Z 1 c+ Zgc Zo

Line voltage is the voltage between pair of lines

whereas phase voltage is the voltage of a single
phase. Here the line voltages are
As we are discussing balanced system so removing
neutral line will have no effect on circuit Vab ,Vbc ,Vca whereas line to neutral voltages
are the Internal impedances where as
are the Line impedances for each phase are Van ,Vbn , Vcn.
Load impedances for each terminal.
Note that the line current magnitudes are equal and
is the voltage between node N and n. writing
each line current lags the respective line-to-neutral
node voltage equation
' ' voltage
' by the impedance phase angle 2Z. Thus, the
Vn Van VnV b n VnV c n voltages yield balanced currents. The
balanced
+Vn + + =0
Zo Za+ Z 1 a+ Zga Zb+ Z 1 b+ Zgb Zc+ Z 1phasor
c +Zgcdiagram for the line currents and the line-to-
neutral voltages is shown below

There are few criteria for a system to be a balanced

wye wye system.
The voltage sources form a set of balanced three-
phase voltages .
The impedance of each phase of the voltage source
are equal
The impedance of each line is the same.
The impedance of each phase load is equal
Now the equation becomes
1 3
Vn( + )
Zo Z o =

(V a' n+V b' n+V c ' n)/Z o

Where as If we lay the line-to-neutral voltage phasors end to

Z o=Za+ Z 1a+ Zga=Zb+ Z 1 b+ Zgb=Zc +Z 1 c+ Zgc
end, they form a closed triangle (the same property is
true for the line currents). The closed triangle
shows that the sum of these phasors is zero.
According to the earlier assumption
V a' n+ V b ' n+V c ' n=0 therefore
 Once the current is known any of the voltage can be
determined
Relating the two voltages assuming positive
sequence:

Phasor diagram for currents is shown below

Example (Per phase analysis)

A wye-wye balanced three-phase system with a phase
voltage of 120
V-rms (positive phase sequence) has a line impedance
of Zline= (1+j1) S
and load impedance of ZY = (20+j10) S. Determine
the phasor line currents
(IaA, IbB, IcC) and the phasor load voltages (VAN,
VBN, VCN).
Analyze the a-phase only.
The fact that the line currents sum to zero in the
balanced wye-wye connection shows that the neutral
current In is zero in this balanced system. Thus, the
impedance of the neutral is immaterial to the
performance of the circuit under balanced conditions.
However, any imbalance in the system (loads, line
impedances, source variations, etc.) will produce a
non-zero neutral current. In any balanced three-phase
system (balanced voltages, balanced line and load Van=Vrms 0
impedances), the resulting currents are balanced.
Thus, there is no real need to analyze all three phases. Vbn=Vrms 120
We may analyze one phase to determine its current,
and infer the currents in the other phases based on a Vcn=Vrms 120
simple balanced phase shift (120 phase
difference between any two line currents). Van 120 0
Single-phase equivalent circuit: IaA= =
Zline+ Zy 21+ j 11

= 5.06-27.65
Van=IaA . Zy=( 5.06 27.65 ) ( 20+ j 10 )
113.2 1.08

The values for the B and C phases can be determined IbB=5.06(27.65120)

from the A phase since they will have the same
amplitude and frequency but are out of phase of A.
 5.06 147.65

Vbn=113.2 (1.08 120 )

113.2 121.08

IcC=5.06 (27.65 +120)

5.06 92.35

Vcn=113.2 (1.08 120 )

113.2 118.92

EXAMPLE 2:
The phase sequence of the Y-connected generator in
Fig. 22.13 is ABC.
a. Find the phase angles v2 and v3.
b. Find the magnitude of the line voltages.
c. Find the line currents.
d. Verify that, since the load is balanced, IN _ 0.

POWER CALCULATION:

Effective power is calculated through our previous

knowledge . P=Veff . Ieffcos ( vaia )

a. For an ABC phase sequence, Where ( va ia ) are the phase angles of

v2 _ _120 and v3 _ _120
voltages and currents

b. EL = 3_Ef = (1.73)(120 V) = 208 V. Pb=|V bn|.|IbB|cos ( vb ib )

Therefore,
EAB _ EBC _ ECA _ 208 V
Pb=|Vcn|.|IcC|cos ( vc ic )

For a balanced load

V o=|Van|=|Vbn|= Vcn

I o=|IaA|=|IbB|= VcC
 o =( va ia )=( vb ib )=( vc ic )
Z ph = 100 cos = 0.8, V L = 400 V

P o=Pa=Pb=Pc=V o . I o cos o Solution:

Vl 400
Vph= =
Total power delivered to the three- 3 3
phase load= Pt=3 P o
Vph=231
For finding complex power we know

Veff . Ieffsin( v i ) Vph 231

Reactive power=Q Il=Iph= = =2.31
Zph 100
For a balanced system
P= 3 Vl . Il cos = 3 400 2.31 0.8
Qt=3 Q o=1.732Vl . Il sin o

P=1.28
So complex power becomes

S o=P o + jQ o=V o . I o Links:

www.my.safaribooksonline.com
S St=3 S o= 3 Vl . Il sin o
www.answers.yahoo.com
Worked Example 3.3
www.google.com.pk
Q A balanced load of phase impedance
100 _ and power factor 0.8 is connected
(a) in star, and (b) in J.David Irwin, R.mark nelms, Basic
delta, to a 400 V, 3-phase supply. Engineering circuit, 8th ed.

Bolysted, Intodutory circuit analysis, 10 th

ed.