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TEST 7 Solutions
1. Many of areas with high ranges of tides are located in the areas of
Alaska, Canada, and northern Europe. Which of the following can
be peculiar reason(s) for the same?
1. They are all located at higher latitudes.
2. The constriction of the oceans due to landmass distribution in
the Northern hemisphere causes high tides.
3. Heavy storm waters coincide with major tidal events.
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1: That many of the areas of the world with
high ranges of tides are in the areas of Alaska, Canada, and northern
Europe has created a misconception that the range of tide increases with
increasing latitude (as one moves farther from the equator and closer to
the poles). This is incorrect.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
c) 3, 4 and 5 only
d) 1, 2 and 5 only
Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1: Member countries are shown in another
question (diagram).
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: a)
Learning: TFI is a major NGO working in India towards bringing
equity and quality to school education in India.
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TEST 7 Solutions
But, with this initiative, TFI will expand its horizons and provide
yearlong support to 25 people (entrepreneurs) who are selected as
they set up their organisations.
Solution: b)
Learning: This is the only double coconut tree in India.
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TEST 7 Solutions
The Double Coconut tree not only bears the largest seed known to
science weighing around 25 kg but this unique species is also the
longest surviving palm which can live for as long as 1,000 years, he says.
The palm tree also bears the largest leaf among palms and one leaf can
thatch a small hut.
a) 1 only
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TEST 7 Solutions
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: c)
Justification: Statement 1: The defining characteristic of AT1 or Cocos
bond is that it may be converted into shares when certain conditions are
met. So, AT1 bonds are hybrid bonds combining both debt and equity.
For example, when a company runs into trouble, the owners lose their
stake and the debt becomes equity, lenders turns into owners. But in
case of banks such negotiations are not possible. The coco bonds are
designed to anticipate that process and transform automatically from
debt to equity.
Four public sector banks (PSBs) may struggle to make coupon payments
(annual interests) on their additional tier 1 (AT1) bond as they have
reported heavy losses due to a surge in bad loans. AT1 bond is issued
under Basel III capital regulations.
Q Source: http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/world/rbs-
raises-31-billion-through-issue-of-contingent-convertible-
bonds/article7507097.ece
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TEST 7 Solutions
2. China
3. Russia
4. India
a) 1 and 4 only
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) It has been held in all of the above at least once.
Solution: d)
Justification: 2011 Summit was held in China. It was the first summit
to include South Africa alongside the original BRIC countries. So, 2 cant
be the answer.
2015 BRICS Summitt was held in Russia, Ufa. There was also a joint
summit with SCO-EEU.
Learning: The acronym BRIC was first used in 2001 by Goldman Sachs
in their Global Economics Paper, "The World Needs Better Economic
BRICs" on the basis of econometric analyses projecting that the
economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China would individually and
collectively occupy far greater economic space and would be amongst the
worlds largest economies in the next 50 years or so.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: a)
Learning: Constant eruptions at the crest of oceanic ridges cause the
rupture of the oceanic crust and the new lava wedges into it, pushing the
oceanic crust on either side. The ocean floor, thus spreads, known as sea
floor spreading.
The age of the rocks increases as one moves away from the crest.
The ocean crust rocks are much younger than the continental
rocks.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: d)
Justification: As per the latest report on maternal health, India
accounted for 15% the total maternal deaths in the world in 2015 second
only to Nigeria with 45,000 women dying during pregnancy or
childbirth.
Statement 1: The JSY was launched as part of the National Rural Health
Mission (NRHM) in 2005 to improve maternal and neonatal health by
promotion of institutional deliveries (childbirth in hospitals).
Q Source: http://www.nhp.gov.in/janani-suraksha-yojana-jsy-_pg +
National Council of Applied Economic Research study on JSY
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: b)
Learning: India has huge natural geographical potential for inland
waterways as 14,500 km of river channels are navigable.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: c)
Justification: Statement 1: Anti-Dumping Duty is a trade levy
imposed by any government on imported products which have prices
less than their fair normal values in their domestic market. Thus, it is
protectionist tariff that seeks to stop dumping process where company
exports a product at a price lower than price it normally charged in
domestic market of importing countries.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) Youth stage
b) Old stage
c) Mature Stage
d) Either Youth stage or Mature Stage
Solution: b)
Learning: The characteristics of each of the stages of landscapes
developing in running water regimes may be summarised as follows:
Youth stage
Waterfalls and rapids may exist where hard rocks are there
Mature stage
Old Stage
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 2 and 3 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: a)
Justification: Statement 1: The species present are able to get their
nutrient requirements from the very shallow layer of soil above the
permafrost. The trees present have a notable climatic tolerance and
survive on rather infertile soils. So, 1 is wrong.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1 & 2: The AARDO, which has its
headquarters in New Delhi, is an autonomous, inter-Governmental
organization established in 1962 with the objective of promoting
cooperation among the countries of the African - Asian Region in the
direction of eradicating thirst, hunger, illiteracy, disease and poverty in
the region.
In news: The Union Cabinet has given its approval to the signing of a
MoU between India and the African Asian Rural Development
Organization (AARDO) for capacity building programmes in the field of
rural development.
Q Source: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=151435
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: c)
Justification & Learning: He is a Padma Bhushan Awardee. So,
option C is INCORRECT.
He was inducted during the closing ceremony of the 67th IAF Congress
2016 held in Mexico for his outstanding contribution to the progress of
astronautics.
Q Source: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/UR-
Rao-becomes-1st-Indian-in-IAF-Hall-of-
Fame/articleshow/52256741.cms
http://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/prof-udupi-ramachandra-rao
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: a)
Justification & Learning: Musk deers are solitary animals which
roams the high alpine region of the Himalayas at an elevation range of
2,500-5,000 metres.
But, they are extremely vulnerable during the harsh season. As near-
freezing temperatures wipe out food sources in the upper reaches, they
move to valleys in lower altitudes. So, A is correct.
There (lower reaches) they fall easy prey to poachers who set fire to block
off their escape route or set wire snares to trap the animal, and then kill
them to extract the musk pod. So, C is incorrect.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Carried by the male deer in its abdomen, the musk emits a sweet
persistent aroma and is highly valued for its cosmetic and alleged
pharmaceutical properties. This fragrance is not emitted only in the
winter season, so D is also incorrect.
Kedarnath sanctuary was set up in 1972 for musk deer conservation, but
a lot of issues have arisen due to fund scarcities and poaching of musk
deers.
Q Source: http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/fading-scent-of-
musk-deer-55664
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: a)
Justification: The removal of the paddy stalk that remains on the field
is a labour-intensive process.
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TEST 7 Solutions
With labour being unavailable in these states and the time window for
preparing the field for wheat cultivation being limited, the options that
the farmer has are either investing in expensive and rarely used
agricultural implements, or burning the residue right on the field. The
latter is both cheaper and requires less effort.
Statement 2: It does not lead to loss of metallic or toxic metals like lead
or arsenic from the soil. So, 2 is wrong.
Q Source: http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/crop-burning-
punjab-haryana-s-killer-fields-55960
Solution: c)
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TEST 7 Solutions
For instance, in the past six years, India allocated almost $7 billion
for assisting other countries. The volume of Indias development
cooperation has grown four-fold during 2003-04 to 2013-14,
buoyed by the high GDP growth rates. Today, India is only second
to China in assistance to the global South.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: a)
Justification: Earthquake waves get recorded in seismographs located
at far off locations. However, there exist some specific areas where the
waves are not reported. Such a zone is called the shadow zone.
It is due to the S wave. There are two types of body waves generated
during an earthquake. They are called P and S-waves.
An important fact about S-waves is that they can travel only through
solid materials. This characteristic of the S-waves is quite important as it
has helped scientists to understand the structure of the interior of the
earth.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1, 2 and 4 only
b) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
c) 3 and 5 only
d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1, 2 and 4: Besides carbon dioxide, other
greenhouse gases are methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide, CFCs and
ozone. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are man-made industrial chemicals
used in air conditioning etc. CFCs are also damaging the ozone layer.
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-
to-eliminate-potent-greenhouse-gas-hfc-23/articleshow/54834662.cms
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TEST 7 Solutions
2. Kabini
3. Antahvasini
4. Lokapavani
a) 1, 2 and 4 only
b) 1, 3 and 4 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Solution: a)
Justification: On its journey to the Bay of Bengal, the river is joined by
its tributaries, which include Shimsa, Hemavathi, Honnuhole, Arkavathi,
Kapila, Lakshmana Theertha, Kabini, Lokapavani, Bhavani, Noyil and
Amaravathy.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1: Some areas apply lime (Calcium
carbonate) to increase the soil pH and improve crop yields. But, soils
with high pH (basic soils) use Gypum to reduce the pH of the soil, i.e. to
make it more acidic. So, 1 is wrong.
We should use lesser fossil fuels; or use less sulphur content fossil
fuels for power plants and industries.
We should use natural gas which is a better fuel than coal or use
coal with less sulphur content.
Catalytic converters must be used in cars to reduce the effect of
exhaust fumes on the atmosphere.
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 2 only
Solution: a)
Justification: Statement 1: 16 countries in the East Asian, Southeast
Asian, South Asian regions (including India), USA and RUSSIA are its
members. Trade is an important focus for the summit.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Statement 3: You can see APEC member states here. China has
consistently blocked Indias bid to APEC membership.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: b)
Justification: The problem in your area is most likely due to
photochemical smog (topic covered in this test). It is formed due to suns
exposure on traffic pollution.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: b)
Learning: It strives to fight issues like hunger and malnutrition in
India, by implementing the Mid-Day Meal Scheme in the government
schools and government-aided schools. Akshaya Patra aims not only to
fight hunger but also to bring children to school.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Schools-want-centralized-kitchen-NGOs-want-monitoring-
committee/articleshow/53832553.cms
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Mid-day-meal-scheme-
to-be-monitored-online/articleshow/52859289.cms
Solution: a)
Justification: Two patterns are broadly observed.
Any moisture-laden winds from ocean will first hit the coastal areas and
then interior areas. Moisture would go on reducing as the wind advance
further in.
Poles receive lesser solar insolation, have lesser evaporation and rainfall.
Reverse is true for equator. So, A is correct.
Jet Streams do not play a significant role here and so Option D can be
neglected.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: a)
Justification: Polychlorinated biphenyls were once widely deployed as
dielectric and coolant fluids in electrical apparatus, carbonless copy
paper and in heat transfer fluids. Because of their longevity, PCBs are
still widely in use, even though their manufacture has declined
drastically since the 1960s, when a host of problems were identified
Generally, PCBs are not very soluble in water, but readily soluble in
fats. This solubility in fat explains why PCBs can build up in animal
fat and along the food chain.
But, typically, PCBs are either broken down in the environment by
sunlight or by microorganisms. Sunlight plays an important role in
the breakdown of PCBs when they are in the air, shallow water, or
surface soils. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, algae, or fungi,
biodegrade PCBs when found in soil or sediments. So, 2 is partly
incorrect.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: a)
Justification: Statement 1: Coriolis force is absent at the equator. Due
to this, winds blowing from high pressure sub-tropics to low pressure
tropics, do not form a circulatory pattern around a low pressure zone.
Instead, they simply fill the low pressure zone. So, 1 is correct.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: a)
Justification: The Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) of BRICS
nations viz. Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa was declared
operational.
The initial total committed resources of the CRA will be 100 billion
dollars with individual commitments as follows: China ($41 billion),
India ($18 billion), Brazil ($18 billion), Russia ($18 billion) and South
Africa ($5 billion).
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TEST 7 Solutions
Statement 2: Before this, India needed to rely on IMF for resolving BoP
issues. But, the CRA is seen as a competitor to the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) and along with BRICS New Development Bank
(NDB) is viewed as an example of increasing South-South cooperation.
CRA was established in 2015 during BRICS summit. The Treaty for the
establishment of BRICS CRA was signed at Fortaleza, Brazil in 2014.
Q Source:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/brics-
contingent-reserve-arrangement-operational-arun-
jaitley/articleshow/54741704.cms
Solution: b)
Justification & Learning: In Osmosis, water will move from its
region of lower checmical potential (or concentration) to its region of
lower chemical potential until equilibrium is reached.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Now osmosis happens in the other direction and water moves from
our intestinal cells into our intestines. This is what causes choleras
deadly watery diarrhoea.
This is why cholera can kill you so quickly, because it does not rely
on how much water you consume.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1: It is a document prepared in partnership
with the Planning Commission and Line Ministries of the Government of
India, Civil Society Organisations and the United Nations in India. But, it
is signed with the government. So, 1 is wrong.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Reason (R): C4 plants lose less water than a C3 plant for the same
amount of carbon fixation.
Solution: a)
Justification: C3 plants are numerous and they use the C3 pathway.
C4 plants mostly dwell in warm water and moist climate. C4 cycle is the
alternate pathway of calvin cycle which takes place during the dark phase
of photosynthesis.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 2 and 4 only
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 1 only
d) 1, 4 and 5 only
Solution: b)
Justification: It is a Eurasian political, economic, and military
organisation which was founded in 2001 in Shanghai by the leaders of
the People's Republic of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Russian
Federation, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Over the past few years, the organisation's activities have expanded
to include increased military cooperation, intelligence sharing, and
counterterrorism, evident from the joint military exercises.
Solution: a)
Learning: It was in news recently. It is organized by the NGO, Goonj.
Daan Utsav is aimed to help the poor, especially those in rural areas.
Donation centres are earmarked where people can give books, clothes,
toys, utensils, bedsheets, spectacles, and also functioning electronic
items like calculators, laptops among others.
http://joyofgivingweek.org/
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/navi-mumbai/Gear-up-to-
donate-to-the-needy-through-Daan-Utsav/articleshow/54591929.cms
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) Cytokinin
b) Gibrellin
c) Ethylene
d) Auxin
Solution: c)
Learning: Ethylene is a simple gaseous Plant growth regulator (PGR).
It is synthesised in large amounts by tissues undergoing senescence and
ripening fruits.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: c)
Justification: Statement 1 and 2: PFRDA is a statuary pension
regulatory authority established in 2003 under the PFRDA Act. It
functions under the aegis of Union Ministry of Finance, Department of
Financial Services. PFRDA promotes old age income security by
establishing, developing and regulating pension funds. So, 1 is correct
and 2 is wrong.
Statement 3: The PFRDA Act says that PFRDA will be the pension
regulator in the country. Currently, pension products floated by
insurance companies and those sold by mutual funds are under purview
of IRDA and SEBI respectively.
Q Source: http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/who-will-
regulate-pension-products/article9208436.ece
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: a)
Learning: Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to
the length of day or night. It occurs in plants and animals.
Reason (R): Soon after the Big Bang, the Universe became highly
opaque and temperatures started rising till the atmosphere was
formed.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: c)
Justification: In the beginning, all matter forming the universe existed
in one place in the form of a tiny ball (singular atom) with an
unimaginably small volume, infinite temperature and infinite density.
At the Big Bang the tiny ball exploded violently. This led to a
huge expansion. It is now generally accepted that the event of big
bang took place 13.7 billion years before the present. The
expansion continues even to the present day. As it grew, some
energy was converted into matter. Therefore, A is correct.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1: It can be easily discarded. Jovian planets
(Jupiter, Saturn etc) are bigger in size than terrestrial planets (earth,
Venus etc).
Statement 2: Gravity of a planet depends on its mass and size. Since the
terrestrial planets were small, gravity force was less and it could not keep
the gases in tact with the planet. Hence, gases escaped causing loss of
atmosphere.
The terrestrial planets were formed in the close vicinity of the parent star
where it was too warm for gases to condense to solid particles. Moreover,
the solar wind was most intense nearer the sun; so, it blew off lots of gas
and dust from the terrestrial planets causing loss of atmosphere.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
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TEST 7 Solutions
d) None
Solution: c)
Justification: Dinitrogen and dioxygen are the main constituents of
air.
The irritant red haze in the traffic and congested places is due to
oxides of nitrogen. Higher concentrations of NO2 damage the
leaves of plants and retard the rate of photosynthesis. Nitrogen
dioxide is a lung irritant that can lead to an acute respiratory
disease in children.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
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c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: c)
Justification: Statement 1: Near the equator the ocean water is about 8
cm higher in level than in the middle latitudes. This causes a very slight
gradient and water tends to flow down the slope. So, 1 is correct.
Statement 2: Solar energy makes current warm or cold and decides their
circulatory patterns. So, 2 is correct.
Occasional events also trigger serious currents. Huge storms move water
masses. Underwater earthquakes may trigger devastating tsunamis.
a) 1 only
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b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: c)
Justification: In the east, it extends through Rakinyoma Mountains of
Myanmar towards the island arc along the Java Trench.
The subduction zone along the Himalayas forms the northern plate
boundary in the form of continent continent convergence.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: a)
Justification: Pricing of ethanol was in news recently.
The revised administered price will facilitate OMCs to carry out the
Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme for the next sugar
season 2016-17.
However, since 2006, OMCs were not able to meet required quantity of
ethanol demand against the tenders floated by them. The various
constraints for it were like State Specific issues, Supplier related issues
including Pricing issues of ethanol.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: d)
Learning: About 98 per cent of the total crust of the earth is composed
of eight elements (shown in table below) and the rest is constituted by
titanium, hydrogen, phosphorous, manganese, sulphur, carbon, nickel
and other elements.
The elements in the earths crust are rarely found exclusively but are
usually combined with other elements to make various substances. These
substances are recognised as minerals.
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: b)
Justification: There are three reasons for greater avalanches in
Himalays as compared to Nilgiris.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
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TEST 7 Solutions
Solution: a)
Justification: Statement 1: Firms that operate in two nations
simultaneously must pay taxes in both. But, it would be a huge loss for
them if they have to pay, lets say a 30% tax on earnings in India and
again a 40% tax in USA. So, firms generally avoid taxes to reduce their
tax liability.
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TEST 7 Solutions
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: b)
Justification: Agulhas current is a major Indian ocean current.
Both of these factors result in the area being one of enhanced primary
productivity as compared to the surrounding waters. This is especially
notable in the Agulhas Retroflection waters, where chlorophyll-a
concentrations tend to be significantly higher than the surrounding
South Indian Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean waters.
a) 1 only
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TEST 7 Solutions
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: c)
Justification: The Western coast of India is a rocky coast, unlike the
Eastern coast which is a low lying sedimentary coast. This is due to their
slopes, rock structure and river flow patterns.
You will the following features in these Western rocky coasts - Highly
indented and formation of wave-cut platforms in front of the sea cliff due
to constant water Erosional action.
Several depositions like this results in the formation of barrier bars and
spits that break block the sea water forming a lagoon.
Solution: a)
Learning: Public debt management was in news recently for many
reasons:
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With establishing PDMA, Government seeks to divest the RBI of its dual
and often conflicting roles as the banker and manager of the Central
Governments borrowing.
Q Source:
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/debt-
management-office-to-gradually-end-rbis-role/article9189192.ece
Solution: a)
Learning: The station became functioning recently at 4000 m MSL in a
remote region in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh.
Researchers will use this station as a base for undertaking surveys that
would digitize the glacier motion and snow cover variations with
exceptional precision.
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Q Source: http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/highaltitude-
glacial-lab-opens-in-the-himalayas/article9205004.ece
Solution: c)
Learning: The Supreme Court of India has laid down specific
requirements and procedures that the police and other agencies have to
follow for the arrest, detention and interrogation of any person. These
are known as the D.K. Basu Guidelines and some of these include:
The police officials who carry out the arrest or interrogation should
wear clear, accurate and visible identification and name tags with
their designations;
A memo of arrest should be prepared at the time of arrest and
should include the time and date of arrest. It should also be
attested by at least one witness who could include a family member
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51. In which of the following trophic levels, you are likely to find the
highest concentration of an organic toxin that has been found in
ocean water?
a) Phytoplankton
b) Aquatic plants
c) Small fishes at lower trophic levels
d) Human being who consumes sea food
Solution: d)
Learning: Most of the organic toxins are water insoluble and non-
biodegradable.
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a) 1 and 4 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1, 2 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
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Solution: d)
Justification: Statement 1: With the depletion of ozone layer, more UV
radiation filters into troposphere. UV radiations lead to ageing of skin,
cataract, sunburn and skin cancer in humans.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
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Solution: c)
Justification: Statement 1: An interglacial period (or
alternatively interglacial) is a geological interval of warmer global
average temperature lasting thousands of years that separates
consecutive glacial periods within an ice age.
Statement 2: Tree rings also show evidence for wet and dry periods.
Also, for e.g. near Rajasthan, 3000-1700 BC was a period of higher
rainfall, with 2000-1700 BC supporting Harappan civilization. Dry
conditions accentuated since then.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 2 and 3 only
Solution: a)
Justification: Statement 1: SFC is responsible for the management
and administration of the country's tactical and strategic nuclear
weapons stockpile. The SFC manages and administers all strategic forces
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Statement 3: Ultimate approval must come from the Cabinet and then
the President; not the NSC or SFC. So, 3 is wrong.
55. Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmstrom have won the 2016 Nobel
Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their work in
a) Theory of Second Best in Pareto optimum outcomes
b) Contract Theory
c) Neumann Zero Sum theory
d) Game Theory
Solution: b)
Learning: Their individual theories on contract theory are valuable to
the understanding of real-life contracts and institutions, as well as
potential pitfalls in contract design.
Q Source:
http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/zp1CpB5xgjl8IPZJiqgexH/Why-the-
2016-economics-Nobel-for-contract-theory-really-matt.html
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Solution: a)
Justification & Learning: This will address the concept
comprehensively.
They are located near the equator and are sandwiched between two
westward-flowing currents, the North Equatorial Current and the
South Equatorial Current. So, option D is incorrect.
However, several hundred miles north of the equator the winds are
much weaker, in comparison. The stronger winds to the south pile
up water where the winds are weak.
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Solution: d)
Learning: Ecosystem is the groups of organisms from all biological
domains in conjunction with the physical (abiotic) environment.
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a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: c)
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Solution: a)
Learning: As the legend goes, Lord Hanuman arrived in the Himalayas
to gather this life-saving herb, but since he could not identify sanjeevani,
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Q Source: http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/mountains-of-
sanjeevani-55943
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: c)
Justification: Statement 1 and 2: Abscisic acid (ABA) was discovered
for its role in regulating abscission and dormancy. But like other PGRs, it
also has other wide ranging effects on plant growth and development.
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a) 1 and 3 only
b) 1, 2 and 3
c) 2 only
d) None of the above
Solution: d)
Justification: Statement 1: The Himalayan Mountains and the Alps
are young fold mountains with rugged relief and high conical peaks. The
Appalachians in North America and the Ural mountains in Russia have
rounded features and low elevation. They are very old fold mountains.
Therefore, statement 1 does not have general validity.
Statement 2: Block Mountains are created when large areas are broken
and displaced vertically. The uplifted blocks are termed as horsts and the
lowered blocks are called graben. The Rhine valley and the Vosges
mountain in Europe are examples of such mountain systems. So, 2 is
incorrect.
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Solution: a)
Learning: SEWA is a trade union registered in 1972. It is an
organisation of poor, self-employed women workers.
These are women who earn a living through their own labour or
small businesses. They do not obtain regular salaried employment
with welfare benefits like workers in the organised sector.
Of the female labour force in India, more than 94% are in the
unorganised sector. However their work is not counted and hence
remains invisible. In fact, women workers themselves remain
uncounted, undercounted and invisible.
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a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 2 and 4 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Solution: a)
Justification: The nitrogen-fixing microbes could be free-living or
symbiotic. Examples of free-living nitrogen-fixing aerobic microbes are
Azotobacter and Beijernickia while Rhodospirillum is anaerobic and
Bacillus free-living.
Both Rhizobium and Frankia are free-living in soil, but as symbionts, can
fix atmospheric nitrogen.
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Solution: d)
Learning: Water is transient in plants. Less than 1 per cent of the water
reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis and plant growth. Most of
it is lost through the stomata in the leaves. This water loss is known as
transpiration.
When plants lose water, it will be shown as moisture on the inside of the
bag (in which you have covered the plant).
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Solution: d)
Learning: In 1980s atmospheric scientists working in Antarctica
reported about depletion of ozone layer commonly known as ozone hole
over the South Pole.
It was found that a unique set of conditions was responsible for the
ozone hole.
The chlorine radicals formed after some other reactions, initiate the
chain reaction for ozone depletion.
Solution: a)
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In each rural district, a local institution carries out the survey. The entire
pan-Indian process is completed within approximately 100 days and the
report is released in January each year.
The findings of the survey have been cited in the approach paper to the
11th Planning Commission and the Economic Survey of India.
http://www.asercentre.org/
67. Consider the following about the Bay of Bengal Initiative for
Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC).
1. It was established through the Bangkok Declaration.
2. Nepal and Bhutan are members of the BIMSTEC.
3. It is an implicit free trade agreement among the member
nations.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: a)
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Initially, the economic bloc was formed with four Member States with
the acronym 'BIST-EC' (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Thailand
Economic Cooperation).
Solution: d)
Justification & Learning: Magnesium forms a part of the chlorophyll
molecule - essential in photosynthesis.
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Solution: b)
Justification: Photochemical smog occurs in warm, dry and sunny
climate. The main components of the photochemical smog result from
the action of sunlight on unsaturated hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides
produced by automobiles and factories.
Ozone and nitric oxide irritate the nose and throat and their high
concentration causes headache, chest pain, dryness of the throat, cough
and difficulty in breathing.
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70. Even when Earth gets nearest to the Sun at perihelion, the
effects of this increased solar insolation are not felt on a large scale
on earth. This can be due to
a) Increase in cloudiness in major continental regions
b) Reduction in solar discharge
c) Blowing of sea and land breezes
d) Adiabetic wind flow patterns
Solution: c)
Justification: This variation in the solar output does not have a large
effect on daily weather changes on earth at a certain point.
Distribution of land and sea, heat transfer by way of sea and land breezes
etc redistribute the increased insolation so that the effects are not felt on
a large scale. So, C is correct.
Solar discharge does affect weather patterns, but it is not relevant here.
So, B is wrong.
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a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: d)
Justification: Statement 1: There is no official religion for the Indian
state. Unlike the status of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, that of Islam in
Pakistan and that of Christianity in England, our Constitution does not
give a special status to any religion.
At the same time, the Constitution allows the state to intervene in the
matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious
communities.
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a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1: It is an area in the basin of the Pacific
Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
occur.
It is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. The
Ring of Fire is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
About 90% of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest
earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.
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Solution: d)
Learning: It was recently in news.
A group of leading rights organisations has awarded its annual prize for
human rights defenders to imprisoned Chinese Muslim minority
economics professor Ilham Tohti. It has brought attention to a case that
has been strongly condemned internationally.
74. Coriolis force acting on the fluid in river water deflects it like
it deflects the wind. This Coriolis force is generated by
a) Meandering motion of the river
b) Rotation of earth
c) Revolution of earth around the Sun
d) Adhesive force of the water molecules with each other
Solution: b)
Learning: The Coriolis force deflects the wind to the right direction in
the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. It is
caused due to rotation of the earth (not movement of water, which is
actually caused due to the Coriolis force).
The amount of deflection the air makes is directly related to both the
speed at which the air is moving and its latitude. Therefore, slowly
blowing winds will be deflected only a small amount, while stronger
winds will be deflected more.
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Likewise, winds blowing closer to the poles will be deflected more than
winds at the same speed closer to the equator. The Coriolis force is zero
right at the equator.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: d)
Justification: Statement 1: This is due to the greater cloudiness at
equatorial regions due to the persistent high temperature and greater
moisture availability. As a result clouds block solar insolation and result
in lower overall temperatures at equator than tropics (even though the
former potentially receives greater heat from the Sun).
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a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: c)
Concept: Food irradiation is a technology in which food products are
subjected to a low dosage of radiation (ionizing) to treat them for germs
and insects, increasing their longevity and shelf life. Generally cobalt-60
radioisotope is used as a radioactive source for gamma irradiation.
In India post-harvest losses in food and food grains are around 40-
50%. It is primarily due to microbiological contamination, insect
infestation, physiological changes due to sprouting and ripening,
and poor shelf life.
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UIC will be a technology partner and will help set up the irradiation
centres. This network will boost India-Russia nuclear energy
cooperation.
Q Source: http://www.thehindu.com/news/india-russia-to-set-up-
agro-irradiation-centres/article9216159.ece
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1: Citrus canker can be a serious disease
where rainfall and warm temperatures are frequent during periods of
shoot emergence and early fruit development. It is caused by the
bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis. Transmission mode is air.
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the winter season). Infections can lead up to 20% yield loss exacerbated
by dying leaves which fertilize the fungus.
Statement 3: Bhendi yellow vein mosaic was first reported in okra plants
in 1924 in India and Sri Lanka. The symptoms include alternate green
and yellow patches. It is caused by a VIRUS and mode of transmission is
via insects.
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: a)
Justification: Statement 1: At present, time allotted to parties to speak
on debates depends entirely on their strength in the House. Earlier due
to their solitary or numerically lean status, members of this bloc had as
little as three minutes of speech time.
The newly recognised bloc will find a place in the Business Advisory
Committee (BAC) that decides time allotment. Thus, MPs of bloc will
secure more time to speak in House debates.
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Thus, a grouping of this kind will make it possible for a party like Sikkim
Democratic Front with a single MP to speak for as much time as say, a
Samajwadi Party with 19 MPs in Rajya Sabha.
Q Source: http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/smaller-parties-
independents-in-rs-unite-for-more-talk-time/article9217012.ece
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: d)
Justification: Statement 1 and 2: Religious Maulvis and Hindu
pandits interpreted Indian laws for the European district collectors who
presided over civil courts. The criminal courts were still under a qazi and
a mufti but under the supervision of the collectors. So, both 1 and 2 are
wrong.
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Learning: Major problem was that the Brahman pundits gave different
interpretations of local laws based on different schools of the
dharmashastra. To bring about uniformity, in 1775 eleven pandits were
asked to compile a digest of Hindu laws.
Solution: c)
Learning: Virashaiva movement was initiated by Basavanna with the
support of and his companions like Allama Prabhu and Akkamahadevi.
The film captures the story of the rebellious thinker Allama, also known
as Allama Prabhu. You can read more at the Q Source.
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Solution: a)
Learning: Cotton is grown between latitudes of 37 north and 30
south in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions and on every
continent.
China, USA, India, Pakistan, Brazil and Egypt are the leading producers
of cotton.
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Solution: a)
Learning: Scrublands are a good source of forage and cover. Due to
their regular need for water, they prefer areas where perennial water
sources are available.
Solution: a)
Learning: Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are actions taken to
reduce fear of attack by both (or more) parties in a situation of tension
with or without physical conflict.
CBMs emerged from attempts by the Cold War superpowers and their
military alliances (the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and the
Warsaw Pact) to avoid nuclear war by accident or miscalculation.
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For e.g. India and China have agreed for some CBMs across the borders.
It includes sharing information on the location of troops; military
modernization drives; information exchange in case of violation of
ceasefire; strengthening the communication between the major generals
of both the armies etc.
84. What makes the Atlantic Ocean a good location for natural
harbours and ports?
a) Its straight coastlines
b) Shallow depth of ocean near sedimentary deposits
c) Its highly indented coastline
d) Its unconsolidated sedimentary deposits are S shaped.
Solution: c)
Learning: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest Ocean in the world.
It is S shaped. But, this shape is not the reason for its ideal location for
harbours.
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a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: c)
Justification: Statement 1: The SAFTA Agreement was signed in 2004
during Twelfth SAARC Summit held in Islamabad. The Agreement
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Statement 2: It should meet once every year or more often as and when
considered necessary by the Contracting States. Each Contracting State
shall chair the SMC for a period of one year on rotational basis in
alphabetical order.
86. In Medieval India, Zabita and Biswa were terms used in the
context of
a) Agricultural productivity of fields
b) Size of treasury
c) Criminal Justice system
d) None of the above
Solution: d)
Learning: Khiljis first revenue regulation (zabita) related to the
measurement of cultivable land as the principle for determining and
revenue; biswa (1/20th of a bigha) was declared to be the standard unit
of measuremcnt.
The state demand was fixed as half of the produce per hiswa and
assessment was done on the basis of paimash (measurement).
Bhaga (land-revenue), Bhoga (cesses) and Kar (taxes) became the
basis for the assignment of land to the nobles.
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a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: d)
Justification: Statement 1: Under the Regulating Act of 1773, a new
Supreme Court was established, while a court of appeal the Sadar
Nizamat Adalat was also set up at Calcutta.
This Supreme Court consisted of one Chief Justice and three other
regular judges or Puisne Judges. Sir Elijah Imphey was the first Chief
Justice of this Supreme Court.
Even though it was a Supreme Court, it was not above the Company.
The act of 1773 was obscure with regard to the relation of the Supreme
Court with the Government of Bengal.
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Solution: b)
Learning: It is sometimes called the Hirsch index.
The index is based on the set of the scientist's most cited papers and the
number of citations that they have received in other publications. The
index can also be applied to the productivity and impact of a scholarly
journal as well as a group of scientists, such as a department or
university or country.
For the most highly cited scientists in the period 19832002, Hirsch
identified the top 10 in the life sciences (in order of decreasing h):
Solomon H. Snyder, h = 191; David Baltimore, h = 160 etc.
The only Indian scientist to reach a H-index of 100 or above is Prof CNR
Rao, who was awarded the Bharat Ratna sometime back. The question is
in this context.
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Solution: a)
Learning: In accordance with the provision of Micro, Small & Medium
Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006 the Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises (MSME) are classified in two Classes:
Manufacturing and Services.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
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c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1: Many other sites like Sanchi have surviving
stupa. So, 1 is incorrect.
Solution: a)
Learning: The Temple Mount, or Al-Aqsa compound, in east
Jerusalem, which was taken by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War and later
annexed in a move not recognised internationally, has long been a
flashpoint in the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians
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a) 1 and 4 only
b) 2, 3 and 4 only
c) 1, 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Solution: c)
Justification: Statement 1 and 2: Madame Blavatsky's first attempt to
form a similar organization was made in Cairo. It did not succeed. She
was then directed to meet Colonel H.S. Olcott with whose help she
established TS in Adyar, India.
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Statement 3: After joining the TS, Annie Besant also made her home in
Benares in 1895, and there started her renowned religious, educational
and social services to India. She opened the Central Hindu College there
in 1898.
Solution: a)
Learning: The diagram below sums it up.
What should be noted is that the strongest force of all is applicable only
for the shortest distance, and the weakest has the longest range.
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a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
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Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1: Both countries signed of 26 agreements on
different sectors. Through these agreements consensus was reached to
work together in trade and investment, but there was no word on
creation of a FTA or a Customs Union. So, 1 is wrong.
In this context, the two countries have also agreed to jointly advance
Chinas One belt and road (OBOR) initiative.
Q Source: http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/china-
bangladesh-upgrade-ties-to-strategic-partnership-of-cooperation-
116101500155_1.html
a) 2 only
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b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: b)
Justification: Statement 1: It is a United Nations (UN) program
headquartered in New York City that provides humanitarian and
developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing
countries. It is one of the members of the United Nations Development
Group and its executive committee.
Statement 3: The organisation began its work in India in 1949 with three
staff members and established an office in Delhi three years later.
Currently, it advocates for the rights of Indias children in 16 states.
Q Source: http://unicef.in/WhoWeAre/History
Solution: a)
Learning: Vajrayana subscribes to Buddhist tantric literature
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Vajrayana can also be seen as the third of the three turnings of the wheel
of dharma.
97. Consider the following about the Global Hunger Index (GHI)
1. It is released on an annual basis by the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.
2. A score of zero on the GHI implies absolute food deprivation in
the nation.
3. The GHI also includes the performance of major public
nutrition programmes in its calculation.
4. In the 2016 Index, India fares worse than all its South Asian
neighbours.
a) 4 only
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b) 2 and 4 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) None of the above
Solution: d)
Justification: Statement 1: The GHI is a multidimensional statistical
tool used to describe the state of countries hunger situation. It is
released annually by IFPRI since 2006.
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a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution: c)
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Learning: India will store more than 5 million tonnes of crude oil in
these SPRs enough to cover almost two weeks of demand. They are
located are in Visakhapatnam, Mangalore and Padur.
Q Source: India recently received the first parcel of crude oil from Iran
to partly fill the SPR
Assertion (A): Even though he is the leader of the UN, the office
does not find a mention in the United Nations (UN) Charter.
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Solution: d)
Justification: Both statements are wrong.
These guidelines both define the powers of the office and grant it
considerable scope for action.
a) 2 and 5 only
b) 1, 3 and 4 only
INSIGHTS PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2017
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TEST 7 Solutions
c) 2 only
d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Solution: c)
Justification & Learning: The BRICS Interbank Co-operation
Mechanism was established by the five banks.
Q Source:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/cabinet-
approves-pact-between-exim-bank-new-development-
bank/articleshow/54828411.cms
INSIGHTS PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2017