Computer

-Is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical
operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer
can solve more than one kind of problem.

-Is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instruction.

-Is an electronic device that receives data, processes data, and produces a result.

Functions of a computer

Receive Input [Data/Command]

Process Data/Command

Produce Output

Store Information

Information Technology

Information Technologies are systems of hardware and/or software that capture, process,
exchange, store and/or present information using electrical, magnetic and/or electromagnetic
energy.

Information Communication Technology

Is an extended term for information technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified
communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless
signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-
visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information

Computer programmers /Pengaturcara

write, test, debug, and maintain the detailed instructions, called computer programs, that
computers must follow to perform their functions. Programmers also create, design, and test
logical structures for solving problems by computer.
Computer program/Aturcara

is a sequence of instructions, written to perform a specified task with a computer. A computer

requires programs to function, typically executing the program's instructions in a central
processor. The program has an executable form that the computer can use directly to execute the
instructions.

Programming language /Bahasa Pengaturcaraan

is a formal constructed language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly

a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a
machine or to express algorithms.

Programming/Pengaturcaraan

Is a process of computer program development.

Programming

Series of instructions to a computer to accomplish a task

Instructions must be written in a way the computer can understand

Programming languages are used to write programs

Once the code (language) of a program has been written, it must be executed (run,
started).

Need to type the name of the program to start it, or use a word like RUN and the name of
the program (in the old days, anyway).

Some programming languages (like Java or C++) require the code to be compiled
(translated to binary) before it can be started.

Others (like JavaScript) are interpreted, meaning that each command is translated
separately when the program is started.

Write a program?
 1. Decide what steps are needed to complete the task

2. Write the steps in pseudocode (written in English) or as a flowchart (graphic

symbols)

3. Translate into the programming language

4. Try out the program and debug it (fix if necessary)

Importance of the Programming Language

Without programming languages, we would have to program computers using their native code,
called machine code. This is nothing more than a series of binary digits (bits), where the
particular bits within the code tell the processor which instruction you would like to execute.
Programming languages make programming faster and easier. It is faster because most languages
make complex tasks, such as printing text to the screen, take up far less time to program. It
makes programming easier by allowing the developer to write in a language comfortable to
humans.