LAPLACE TRANSFORM AND POWER CALCULATION IN SINUSOIDAL SYSTEM

Reference no. 9160

Department of Electrical Engineering,
FAST-NU, Islamabad, Pakistan.
27 April 2014

Abstract this document provides the description of
Laplace transform and power calculation in laplace
domain . it further describe the conversion of the
components from time to laplace domain.it describe how to
find the power in laplace and time domain. it also go
through the convolution and laplace inverse.
Keywords laplace transform ,power calculation in
laplace,convulution .
I. INTRODUCTION
Laplace transformation is a powerful tool to solve the
circuits easily even complex circuits. it involves converting
differential equations into algebraic equations ,thus greatly
facilitating the solution process.
We find the Laplace more significant than phasor for
many reasons. First it can be applied to a wider variety of
inputs than Phasor analysis .
Second, it provides an easy way to solve circuit problems
involving initial conditions because it permit us to work with
algebraic equations instead of differential equations .
Third, the Laplace transform is capable of providing us, in
one single operation, the total response of the circuits
comprising both the natural and forced responses[1].
.In mathematics and, in particular, functional analysis
Convolution integral relates the output y(t) of linear time-
invariant circuits to the input x(t) of the circuits and the
circuits impulse response h(t).convolution is a mathematical
operation on two functions f and g producing a third function
that is typically viewed as a modified version of one of the
original function, giving the area overlap between the two
functions as a function of the amount that one of the
original functions is translated [2]. we find the power by
convolving the voltage and current in Laplace.
The document is organized as follows: section II
describe the background of of the project .section III
details the explanation of the project this section
describe the different circuit components in Laplace
domain. Section IV explain the project through four
examples.
II BACKGROUND
In order to find the power in laplace we first know
about the laplace and convulotion.
Laplace is useful for us as it convert the complex circuit
to even easy circuits.it is useful than phasor because it give us
both steady and transient state.in phasor we transform the
circuits from time domain to frequency domain ,once we
obtain we have obtained the result then we transform it back
into time domain .same case is with the laplace we first
convert the circuit from time to laplace domain, obtain the
solutions and then applying the inverse laplace transformation
to the laplaceTo transform it back into the time domain.
Laplace has the power to solve the circuits which we can
say that these are not permissible.
After converting the circuit into laplace then we treat all the
components of the circuit as a resisters, so we can find the
power of the components in laplace.[3]
We can even find the laplace of sinusoids.the power which
we find in the laplace is compared the power in time domain.
III LAPLACE TRANSFORN AND POWER
CALCULATION IN SINUSOIDAL SYSTEM:
The Laplace transform can be used independently on
different circuit elements, and then the circuit can be solved
entirely in the s domain which is easier. now we examine
different circuit elements in s domain.
RESISTOR
Resister are time and frequency invareint therefore the
transform of resister is the same .as the resistance of the
resister:
RR
resistance values are very similar between phasors and
Laplace transforms.
CAPACITOR
If we look at the relationship between voltage, current,
and capacitance, in the time domain we find that:
 dv (t)
i(t)= C
dt

Solving for voltage, we get the following integral:

1
V(t)= i (t ) dt
C t o

Then, transforming this equation into the Know I will take a circuit in time domain and I will
Laplace domain, we get the following: convert it into Laplace domain .i will find the voltage and
current of the component and then I find the power of the
component;
1
V(S)= I ( S)
SC

Now I will convert this circuit into laplace domain as;

Again, if we solve for the ratio , we get the
following:

VS 1
=
I S SC Now I will derive the expression for power consumed by
the resister.

Therefore, the transform for a capacitor with 5s

V o ( s) = 2
capacitance C is given s +1

1
C= 5S
SC IS =
R (S 2+1)

the transform of an inductor with inductance L is given PS =V S I S

by:
5S 5S
PS = 2
. 2
S +1 R(S +1)
L=SL
In order to convert it into back to time domain we have to
take the inverse of the above equation and we have to
The equation of the s-domain cicuit analysis follow from
convolve V with I.
inspection of this circuit diagrams;
As we know that,

1
{ }
s
2
s +1
=cost
So,
 Pt =25/ Rcostcost
t Solution;
25
Pt = cos cos (t-)d
R 0

t
25
Pt = 2 cos cos (t-)d
2R 0
t
25
= cos (+t-)+cos(-t+)d
2R 0
In order to solve this circuit we have to find voltage and
current so that to find the power.
After integrating and putting the limit we have,
5S
Vo( s)= (1)
25 S 2 +1
P(t) = cost t . . . . . . . . . . .(a).
2R
Taking the value of R=1 we get, 5
I S= 2 (2)
S +1
P=25/2cost t
The same example no. (4) is solved in the example and I The power of the inductor is,
find the answer as 25/2.
The difference is clearly seen from these two example. PS =VsIs
when I find the power in the time domain that power
expression is independent of time and frequency.
But when we see in laplace domain we see that power
By putting the values of equation 1 and 2 in above equation
expression contain both frequency and time.
we have,

5S 5
Ps= 2
. 2
III .EXAMPLES: S +1 S +1
Example 1. Inverting,

P(t ) =25cost * sint

t
= 25 cos sin (t-)d
0

t
25
= 2 cossin (t-)d
2 0

t
P(t ) =25/2 sin (+t-)-sin(-t+)d
0
 Integrating the above equation by parts we find the value
t t of voltage.
Pt=25/2 { sintd sin (2-t)
0 0
By solving the integral and putting the limits we will find 10
the power. I S=
(S+1)( S2 +1)

By taking inverse,

i(t )=10 e sin

t
Example (2). t
= 10 -)d
e sin
0
(B)
Integrating by parts we get the value,and putting the
values in in below equation we get the power.

P= vi ..(C)

Example 3.

Solution;

Solution;

First of all convert the circuit into Laplace domain.

By voltage divider,

2+1

s

( s+ 1)
10 S
V o (s)=
To find the voltage,

By taking Laplace inverse, S

V O (S)= 2
S +1

Vo(t)=10 e cos
To find the current,
2
s
t I (S )= 2
s +1
=10 e cos (t-) d
0
(A) The power is,
P(S )=V O (S ) I (S )
 i
v
Putting the values of v and I in above equation. p
1
v m i m cos
2
putting the given values we have
2
s s
P(S )= 2
. 2 25
s +1 s +1 p= w
2
S2+ 1 V . REFRENCES:
S 1 } [1] fundamentals of electric circuits,4 th edition,Alexander-m-
P(S )= 2 {1
S +1 Sadiku.

By taking the laplace inverse , [2] electric circuits and network,K.S Suresh kumar.

P(t )=costtcostsint [3] www. wikipedia.com

t
cos cossin
= t -)d - t t-

o 0
)d

By simplifying the above equation we find the power of the

capacitor.

Example 4.

In this example I will find the power in time domain.

I will take the circuit that I have taken in the explanation

v (t) =5 cost

i (t )=5 cost