Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AIRPLANE ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT ORNITHOPTER GLIDER AND SAILPLANE KITE Examples of aerostats are balloons and
AMPHIBIAN LAND SEA GYRO HELICOPTER
airships.
PLANE PLANE PLANE
FLOAT FLYING
PLANE BOAT
Today, lighter-than-air aircraft are used
almost only for recreational purposes.
1
LIGHTER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT LIGHTER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT
Aerostats are further classified as follows, In the case of airships, the internal
airships, free balloons and kite balloons. pressure of the gas keeps maintains the
shape of the envelope without the need of
Airships - These are aerostats having any longitudinal members.
power plant for propulsion and means of
steering the craft. They are made buoyant Free balloons - These are balloons which
by enclosing a volume of gas which is are not anchored to the ground and are
lighter than air. free to move with the wind.
2
Aerodynamics of Sailing Faster Sailing
Sailing with the wind (running) Sailing across the wind (reach)
Wind
Wind
Vmax < Vwind
Aerodynes - Kite
Aerodynes - Airplane
3
HEAVIER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT HEAVIER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT
Sea planes - These are aircraft that take Flying boat - This is an aircraft which has
off and land only on sea. a hull as its main body. The hull also
supports the aircraft on water.
Sea planes are classified further as float
seaplanes and flying boats.
Rotary wing aircraft are classified into two
types as gyroplanes and helicopter.
Float seaplane - This is a seaplane
supported on water by a pair of floats
instead of a hull.
4
HEAVIER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT HEAVIER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT
Sailplanes - These are high performance These aircraft can also be classified based
gliders that soar, maintain and direct their on the following,
flight over extended periods of time and
distance.
Mach Number
Purpose
Kites - A kite is any non-power driven
structure which is anchored to the earth, Type of Engines
and which derives lift from aerodynamic Number of Engines
forces. Number of Wings
5
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
PURPOSE PURPOSE
Agricultural aircraft
Sports aircraft
Glider
Recreational aircraft
Man-powered aircraft
Simulation of a
hypersonic vehicle
6
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
PURPOSE TYPE OF ENGINE
Aircraft with engine are classified based
on the type of engine as follows,
Propeller
Turboprop
Turbofan
Turbojet
Ramjet
Experimental Aircraft
7
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
MODE OF TAKEOFF AND
SIZE AND PAYLOAD CAPACITY
LANDING
Aircraft are classified based on size as
Aircraft can also be classified based on
follows,
the mode of takeoff and landing as
follows,
Micro-airplanes
Normal Single or double seater airplanes
VTOL Medium size airplanes (~50
STOL passengers)
STOVL etc.
Helicopter
Ornithopter or Flapping wing aircraft
Flying Wing Aircraft
Stealth Aircraft
8
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKETS
TYPE OF FUEL
Rockets are classified based on Rockets can be classified based on the
type of fuel used to propel itself. The two
Type of fuel main types of fuel used are
Type of engine / thrusters Solid Fuel
Number of stages Liquid Fuel
Purpose
The other main type of rocket is the
nuclear rocket, which uses nuclear energy.
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
MISSILES
PURPOSE
If the rockets are used for carrying Missiles are basically sub-orbital rockets.
instruments for doing some experiments, it
is called a Sounding rocket. Some of the main types of missiles are as
follows,
Rockets can also be used as missiles. Ballistic Missiles
Surface-to-air missiles
Torpedoes
Rockets are also used as launch vehicles.
Heat-seeking missiles
Guided missiles
9
LAUNCH VEHICLES LAUNCH VEHICLES
Launch Vehicles (LV) are used to place The reusable Launch Vehicle includes the
satellites in orbit. Space Shuttle.
The major types of launch vehicles are At present, Space Shuttle is the only one
of its kind in the whole world
Reusable
Nonreusable
Land based
Sea based
Submarine based Pegasus - Air
Air based based launch.
10
CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF
SATELLITES SATELLITES
The different types of satellites are Satellites for monitoring Earths
classified based on their purpose, resources
Geodetic Satellites (for studying
Amateur Radio Satellites Earths geography)
Astronomical Satellites Lunar Satellites
DBS (Digital Broadcasting System) Military Communication Satellites
Domestic Communication Satellites
Navigation Satellites
Early Warning Satellites
Nuclear detection Satellites
CLASSIFICATION OF
SATELLITES
Planetary Satellites
Research Satellites
International Space stations
Surveillance Satellites
Weather Satellites
11