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EPT 324 Heat Transfer Laboratory Module

Experiment : Linear Conduction

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

COURSE
HEAT TRANSFER
NAME
COURSE CODE EPT 324 LAB No. 1

LAB MODULE

LINEAR CONDUCTION

LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY
1 2 3 4 5 6
KNOWLED REPETITIO APPLICATI EVALUATI SYNTHESI
ANALYSIS
GE N ON ON S

SCHOOL OF
MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
EPT 324 Heat Transfer Laboratory Module
Experiment : Linear Conduction

1. OBJECTIVE

To study heat propagation from a region of higher temperature to a region of low


a temperature within mediums in direct physical contact.

2. EXPERIMENT

Your are given a task to show to an industrial company in selecting metal for good
thermal conductivity. You have only limited source of metal and to present a
comprehensive analysis.

3. RESULT / DISCUSSION

3.1 Plot a graph to indicate heat flow through the test specimen.

3.2 Discuss factors that may concern on the thermal conductivity.

3.3 Describe what you have observed and understand from the experiment.
EPT 324 Heat Transfer Laboratory Module
Experiment : Linear Conduction

ATTACHMENT FOR LAB 1


1. OBJECTIVE

To study heat propagation from a region of higher temperature to a region of low a


temperature within mediums in direct physical contact.

2. INTRODUCTION

2.1 CONCEPT
The temperature distribution in the wall can be determined by solving the heat equation with
the proper boundary conditions. For steady state conditions with no distributed source or
sink within the wall, the form of the heat equation is:
d dT
kt 0
dx dx

2.2 PRINCIPLE

For one-dimensional, steady-state conduction in a plane wall with no heat generation, the
heat flux is a constant, independent of x. If the thermal conductivity of the wall material is
assumed to be constant, the equation may be integrated twice to obtain the general solution:

T ( x) C1 x C 2

For one-dimensional, steady-state conduction in a plane wall with no heat generation and
constant thermal conductivity, the temperature varies linearly with x:

dT kt A
q x kt A TA TB
dx L

2.3 Thermal Resistance

Thermal resistance for conduction in a plane wall is given as:

TA TB L
Rt ,cond
qx kt A

2.4 Contact Resistance

Although neglected until now, it is important to recognize that, in composite systems, the
temperature drop across the interface between materials may be appreciable. This
temperature change is attributed to what is known as the thermal contact resistance.
EPT 324 Heat Transfer Laboratory Module
Experiment : Linear Conduction
TA TB
Rt",c
q "x
Where qx = qx/A

2.5 Linear Heat Conduction

Fig. 2.1: Layout for Linear Heat Conduction Test Specimen

The rate of linear conduction heat transfer for this system (Fig. 2.1):

dT k t A
qx kt A T A TB
dx L

Where,
k - Thermal conductivity
A - Cylindrical area of specimen
L - Heat traveling distance
TA - Temperature near heater
TB - Temperature further heater
EPT 324 Heat Transfer Laboratory Module
Experiment : Linear Conduction

3. COMPONENT AND EQUIPMENT

15
14
13
1 12

2
11

3 10

4 5 6 7
8

Figure 3.1: Assembly Diagram of Linear & Radial Heat Conduction Apparatus

No. Item No. Item


1. Linear heat conduction module 9. ON / OFF switch
2. Cold water inlet & outlet port 10. 220VAC fuse
3. Thermocouple ports 11. Linear/Radial module selector switch
4. Temperature selector switch 12. Module clip
5. Temperature meter 13. Radial heat conduction module
6. Heater supply 14. Thermocouples
7. Power meter 15. Thermocouple ports
8. Power controller

Safety Instruction:
The equipments you are using are potentially dangerous. You are strictly required to follow
the procedures outlined below. Do not make any unnecessary actions which are not stated
in the procedure. If not, an accident may occur. In case of doubt, contact the Technician
EPT 324 Heat Transfer Laboratory Module
Experiment : Linear Conduction
or Training Engineer immediate.
4. PROCEDURE

4.1 Heat Conduction on brass using Linear Module

No. Procedure
1. Connect the cold water supply. Allow the cooling water to flow continuously throughout
the experiment (Turn until 180)
2. Do not connect the extra 30 mm length of brass or stainless steel in the middle of the
Apparatus.
3. Apply some heat transfer compound on the surface of the thermocouple to further
improve the experiment performance
4. Place the 6 thermocouples into the holes located directly above the linear heat
conduction apparatus according to the numberings attached
5. Tighten the set screws to keep the thermocouples in place. (do not over tighten)

6. Connect the thermocouple to the thermocouple ports according to the number.

7. Connect the heater cable between the control panel and make sure the clips properly
locked
8. Record the initial temperature values for each measuring point by switching the selector
switch. Read the temperature value from the temperature meter.
9. Switch ON the selector switch to Linear and set the power of the heater to 20 W by
turning the power regulator.
10. Wait for 25 to 30 minutes until the temperature achieved stable at every measuring
points.
11. Observe and record down the respective final temperature values at every point.
12. Turn OFF the ON/OFF switch after finish the experiment.

*Note:
Re-adjust the thermocouple if the experimental result is not ideal. Make sure the
thermocouples are inserted into the holes touched on the brass or stainless steel.
Ensure the heater selector On/Off switch is set at the correct experiment setting (linear or
radial) prior to carry out the experiment.
For linear conduction heat transfer, the clips must be properly locked to allow the test
specimens stay in contact during the experiment for effective results.
Take note that the maximum working temperature for this apparatus is 90C. Working higher
than 90C would not provide better experimental results.
The water cooling supply must be running when conducting the experiment.
Do not regulate the water cooling supply flow rate when conducting the experiment.
EPT 324 Heat Transfer Laboratory Module
Experiment : Linear Conduction

5. RESULTS

Table 5.1: Linear Conduction for Brass (25.40mm)

Distance from Initial Temperature Final Temperature


Measuring Point Position
Heater (mm) (C) (C)
1 Nearest to heater 15
2 25
3 35
4 45
5 55
6 Furthest to heater 65

6. DISCUSSION / EVALUATION & QUESTION

6.1 Plot a graph to indicate heat flow through the test specimen.

6.2 Discuss factors that may concern on the thermal conductivity.

6.3 Describe what you have observed and understand from the experiment.

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