Numerical

Numerical Control
Control

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 Definition
Definition of
of NC
NC
a form of programmable automation in
which the mechanical actions of a
machine tool or other equipment are
controlled by a program containing
coded alphanumeric data

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 History
History of
of NC
NC
z 1948-1952
z John Parsons, late 40s, conceived NC
idea
z 1952 MIT built first NC milling
machine
z Aircraft industry

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 Manual
Manual Machining
Machining
z Sequence of machining steps
z Feed, speed, depth of cut for each operation
z Tooling
z Clamps
z Stops
z Coolant

z Part quality depends upon skill of operator

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 Advantages
Advantages of
of NC
NC
z Runs automatically z Reduced inventory
z Greater flexibility
z Faster prototypes
z Less machine idle time
z Complex geometries z Reduced tooling cost
z Reduced fixturing z Increases
z Higher accuracy .0001" productivity
z Reduced scrap z Less inspection time
z Enhances engineering
change

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 Disadvantages
Disadvantages of
of NC
NC
z Machine cost
z Programming training
z Higher maintenance cost
z Higher skilled workers

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 Basic
Basic Components
Components
z Program of instruction (part program)
z Machine control unit
z Processing equipment

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 Programming
Programming NC
NC Machines
Machines
z Language definition
EIA RS-274D Standard
z Lines of code
z Typical block of Code

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 Element
Element of
of Part
Part Program
Program
z Words [N, G, X, Y, Z, I, J, K, F, S, T, M]
z Parameters [a number]
z Examples
G03, M06, T01, F6.2

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 NC
NC Programs
Programs
z Most common NC Words
N - Sequence number
G - Preparatory work
X,Y, Z Linear movement
I, J, K Rotational movement
F - Feed
S - Speed
T - Tool selection
M Miscellaneous
z Example: N00 G92 X0 Y-050 Z010
z Format: Post Processors

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 NC
NC Programming
Programming

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 Common
Common G
G Codes
Codes
z G00 Rapid traverse
z G01 linear interpolation
z G02 circular interpolation (cw)
z G03 circular interpolation (ccw)
z G90 absolute coordinates
z G91 incremental coordinates

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 Common
Common M
M Codes
Codes
z M00 pause
z M02 end of program
z M03 turn spindle on
z M05 turn spindle off
z M06 tool change

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 Guidelines
Guidelines
z Order on line: N, G, X, Y, Z, I, J, K, F, S, T, M
z One location code per line (no X2X8)
z Some codes need not repeat (X,Y, F)
z First block should move tool to safe location
z Move tool back to safe location at EOP
z If unsure, put G and M codes on separate lines

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 NC
NC Programming
Programming Steps
Steps
z Plan the process
Know machining
Know NC programming
Know Geometry/math
z Determine cutting conditions
z Write code
z Test & Debug code
z Run parts
Set tool origin

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 Terms
Terms for
for Milling
Milling
z Face
z Contour/engrave
z Pocket
z Drill

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 Computer
Computer Assisted
Assisted
Programming
Programming
z CAD/CAM

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