From the SelectedWorks of Habibolla

Latifizadeh

January 2014

Exact Solution of Time-Fractional Partial

Differential Equations Using Sumudu Transform

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 Abdolamir Karbalaie, Mohammad Mehdi
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on MATHEMATICS Montazeri, Hamed Hamid Muhammed

Exact Solution of Time-Fractional Partial Differential Equations

Using Sumudu Transform
ABDOLAMIR KARBALAIE 1 , MOHAMMAD MEHDI MONTAZERI 2 , HAMED HAMID MUHAMMED3
1,3 Division
of Informatics, Logistics and Management
School of Technology and Health STH, Royal Institute of Technology KTH,
Alfred Nobels Alle 10, SE-141 52 Huddinge Stockholm
SWEDEN
abdolamir.karbalaie@sth.kth.se1 , hamed.muhammed@sth.kth.se3
2 Department of Mathematics,Khomeini Shahr Branch,Islamic Azad University,
Khomeini Shahr, Isfahan
IRAN
montazeri@iaukhsh.ac.ir2
Abstract: In this study, we propose a new algorithm to find exact solution of nonlinear time- fractional partial
differential equations. The new algorithm basically illustrates how two powerful algorithms, the homotopy pertur-
bation method and the Sumudu transform method can be combined and used to get exact solutions of fractional
partial differential equations. We also present four different examples to illustrate the preciseness and effectiveness
of this algorithm.

KeyWords: Mitting-Leffler functions; biological population model; Caputo derivative; Sumudu transform;
Fokker-Plank equation.

1 Introduction Mellin transform method and the method of orthogo-

Nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDE) with
integer or fractional order have played a very impor-
tant role in various fields of science and engineer-
ing, such as mechanics, electricity, chemistry, biology,
control theory, signal processing and image process-
ing. In all these scientific fields, it is important to ob-
tain exact or approximate solutions of nonlinear frac-
tional partial differential equations (NFPDE). But in
general, there exists no method that gives an exact so-
lution for NFPDEs and most of the obtained solutions
are only approximations. Searching of exacts solu-
tions of NFPDEs in mathematical and other scientific
applications is still quite challenging and needs new
methods. Computing the exact solution of these equa-
tions is of considerable importance, because the exact
solutions can help to understand the mechanism and
complexity of phenomena that have been modeled by
NPDEs with integer or fractional order.
Numerous analytical and numerical methods have
been presented in recent years. Some of these an-
alytical methods are Fourier transform method [28],
the fractional Greens function method [27], the pop-
ular Laplace transform method [32, 33], the Sumudu
transform method [11], the Iteration method [33], the
nal polynomials [32].
Some numerical methods are also popular, such
us the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) [12,
13, 14], the Modified Homotopy Perturbation Method
(MHPM) [20] , the Differential Transform Method
(DTM) [29], the Variational Iteration Method (VIM)
[9], the New Iterative Method (NIM) [5, 6], the Ho-
motopy Analysis Method (HAM) [1, 15], the Sumudu
decomposition method [8], the Adomian Decomposi-
tion Method (ADM) [2, 7], and the Iterative Laplace
Transform Method (ILTM)[19].
Among these methods, the HPM is a universal ap-
proach which can be used to solve FODEs and FPDEs.
on the other hand, various methods are combined with
the homotopy perturbation method, such as the Vari-
ational Homotopy Perturbation Method which is a
combination of the variational iteration method and
the homotopy perturbation method [31]. Another such
combination is the Homotopy Perturbation Transfor-
mation Method which was constructed by combining
two powerful methods; namely, the homotopy per-
turbation method and the Laplace transform method
[26]. A third such approach is the Homo-Separation
of Variables which was constructed by combining two

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 Abdolamir Karbalaie, Mohammad Mehdi
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on MATHEMATICS Montazeri, Hamed Hamid Muhammed

well-established mathematical methods, namely, the Definition 2 The left sided RiemannLiouville frac-
homotopy perturbation method and the separation of tional integral of order 0, of a function f
variables method [21, 22, 23]. C , 1 is defined as:
There are numerous integral transforms such as t
1
the Laplace, Sumudu, Fourier, Mellin, and Hankel Jt f (t) = (t )1 f () d, (1)
to solve PDEs. Of these, the Laplace transforma- () 0
tion and Sumudu transformation are the most widely
where > 0, t > 0 and () is the gamma function.
used. The Sumudu transformation method is one of
the most important transform methods introduced in Definition 3 Let f Cn , n N {0}. The left
the early 1990s by Gamage K. Watugala. It is a pow- sided Caputo fractional derivative of f in the Caputo
erful tool for solving many kinds of PDEs in vari- sense is defined by [31] as follows:
ous fields of science and engineering [30, 34]. And
also various methods are combined with the Sumudu D f (t) =
t 1 t n1 (n)
transformation method such as the Homotopy Analy- (n) 0 (t ) f () d ,
sis Sumudu Transform Method (HASTM) [35] which (2)
n 1 < n,
is a combination of the homotopy analysis method t
Dn f (t) = n,
and the Sumudu transformation method. Another ex-
ample is the Sumudu Decomposition Method (SDM) Note that according to [1], Eqs.(1) and (2) be-
[25], which is a combination of the Sumudu transform come:
method and the adomian decomposition method. t
In this paper, a new approach is proposed to use 1

Jt f (x, t) = (t )1 f (x, )d (3)
the homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method () 0
(HPSTM) to derive the exact solution of various
types of fractional partial differential equations. This for > 0, t > 0, and
method is a combination of the homotopy perturbation Dt f (x, t) =
method and the Sumudu transform method. However, t (4)
(n) 0 (t )
1 n1 f (n) (x, )d
Singh [36] used the homotopy perturbation Sumudu
transform method to obtain the exact solution of non- for n 1 < n.
linear equations which are PDEs of integer order.
The paper is structured in six sections. In section Definition 4 The single parameter and the two pa-
2, we begin with an introduction to some necessary rameters variants of the Mitting-leffler function are
definitions of fractional calculus theory. In section 3 denoted by E (t) and E, (t), respectively, which are
we describe the basic idea of the homotopy perturba- relevant for their connection with fractional calculus,
tion method. In section 4 we describe the homotopy and are defined as:
perturbation Sumudu transform method. In section 5,
we present four examples to show the efficiency of us- tj
E (t) = , > 0, t C, (5)
ing the HPSTM to solve FPDEs and also to compare (j + 1)
j=0
our result with those obtained by other existing meth-
ods. Finally, relevant conclusions are drawn in section
tj
6. E, (t) = , , > 0, t C (6)
(j + )
j=0

Some special cases of the Mitting-Leffler function are

2 Basic Definitions of Fractional as follows:
Calculus
1. E1 (t) = et
In this section, we present the basic definitions and
properties of the fractional calculus theory, which are 2. E,1 (t) = E (t)
used further in this paper. dk
[ 1 ]
3. dt k t E, (at ) = tk1 E,k (at )
Definition 1 A real function f (t) , t > 0, is said Other properties of the Mitting-leffler functions
to be in the space C , R, if there exists a real can be found in [24]. These functions are generaliza-
number p > such that f (t) = tp f1 (t) where tions of the exponential function, because, most lin-
f1 (t) C[0, ), and it is said to be in the space ear differential equations of fractional order have so-
Cm if f m C , m N. lutions that are expressed in terms of these functions.

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 Abdolamir Karbalaie, Mohammad Mehdi
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on MATHEMATICS Montazeri, Hamed Hamid Muhammed

Definition 5 Sumudu transform over the following 3 The Basic Idea of the Homotopy
set of functions,
Perturbation Method
{ }
 |t|
 M, 1 , 2 > 0, |f (t)| < M e j In this section, we will briefly present the algorithm
A = f (t)  ,
if t (1)j [0, ) of this method. At first, the following nonlinear dif-
(7) ferential equation is considered:
is defined by
A (u) f (x) = 0, x , (12)
S[f (t)] = G(u) = f (ut)et dt, (8) with the boundary conditions
0

where u (1 , 2 ), B (u, u/n) = 0, x , (13)

Some special properties of the Sumudu transform are where A, B, f (x) and are a general differential
as follows: function operator, a boundary operator, a known an-
alytical function and the boundary of the domain ,
1. S [1] = 1; respectively.
[ n ] The operator A can be decomposed into a linear
2. S (n+1)
t
= un , n > 0; operator, denoted by L, and a nonlinear operator, de-
[ ] noted by N. Therefore, Eq.(12) can be written as fol-
3. S eat = 1
1au ; lows
L (u) + N (u) f (x) = 0, (14)
4. S [f (x) + g (x)] =S [f (x)] + S [g (x)]
Now we construct a homotopy v(x, p) : [0, 1]
Other properties of the Sumudu transform can be R which satisfies:
found in [3].

Definition 6 G(u) is the Sumudu transform of f (t). H (v, p) = (1 p) [L (v) L (u0 )] +

And according to ref. [3] we have: p[A (u) f (x)] = 0, 0 p 1, (15)
1. G(1/s)/s, is a meromorphic function, with sin- which is equivalent to
gularities having Re (s) < , and
2. there exists a circular region with radius R and H (v, p) = L (v) L (u0 ) + pL (u0 ) +
positive constants, M and k, with p [N (v) f (x)] = 0, 0 p 1, (16)
 
 G(1/s)  where u0 is the initial approximation of Eq.(12) that
  k
 s  < MR , satisfies the boundary conditions and p is an embed-
ding parameter.
then the function f (t) is given by When the value of p is changed from zero to unity,
+i st ( 1 ) ds we can easily see that
S1 [G(s)] = 2i 1
i e G s s
[ ] (9) H (v, 0) = L (v) L (u0 ) = 0, (17)

= residuse est G(1/s)
s H (v, 1) = L (v) + N (v) f (x)
Definition 7 The Sumudu transform, S [f (t)] , of the = A (u) f (x) = 0, (18)
Caputo fractional integral is defined as [11] In topology, this changing process is called deforma-

n1 tion, and Eqs. (17) and (18) are called homotopic.
G (u) f (k) (0)
S [Dt f (t)] = , (10) If the p-parameter is considered as small, then the
u uk solution of Eqs. (14) and (15) can be expressed as a
k=0
power series in p as follows
then it can be easily understood that
v= v 0 + pv1 + p2 v2 + p3 v3 + . . . (19)
S [f (x, t)]
n1
f (k) (x, 0)
S [Dt f (x, t)] = , The best approximation for the solution of Eq. (12) is
u uk
k=0
u = lim v = v 0 + v1 + v2 + v3 + . (20)
n 1 < n, (11) p1

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 Abdolamir Karbalaie, Mohammad Mehdi
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on MATHEMATICS Montazeri, Hamed Hamid Muhammed

4 The Homotopy Perturbation The nonlinear term of Eq.(26) can be decomposed

as
Sumudu Transform Method

Nw (x, t) = pn Hn (w), (28)
In order to elucidate the solution procedure of this n=0
method, we consider a general fractional nonlinear
where Hi are Hes polynomials, which can be calcu-
partial differential equation of the form:
lated with the formula [10]
Dt w (x, t) = Lw (x, t) + Nw (x, t) + q (x, t) , (21)
Hn (w0 , w1 , w2 , . . . wn ) =
[ ( )]
with n 1 < n, and subject to the initial condi- 1 n
tion N p i wi ,
n! pn
i=0 p=0
(r) w (x, 0)
= w(r) (x, 0) = fr (x) , n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , (29)
tr
Substituting Eqs. (27) and (28) in Eq. (26), we get
r = 0, 1, . . . , n 1, (22)

[n1 ]
where Dt w (x, t) is the Caputo fractional derivative,
1
q (x, t) is the source term, L is the linear operator and p wn (x, t) = S
n k
u fk (x) +
N is the general nonlinear operator. n=0 k=0
[ [ (
)
Taking the Sumudu transform (denoted through-
out this paper by S) on both sides of Eq. (21) we get pS1 u S L pn wn (x, t) +
n=0
]]
S[Dt w(x, t)] = S[Lw(x, t) + Nw(x, t) + q (x, t)],

(23) pn Hn (w) + q (x, t)] , (30)
Using the property of the Sumudu transform and the n=0
initial conditions in Eq.(22), we have
Equating the terms with identical powers of p, we can
obtain a series of equations as the follows:

n1
[n1 ]

u S [w (x, t)] u(k) w(k) (x, 0) =
k=0 p0 : w0 (x, t) = S1 uk fk (x) ,
S[Lw(x, t) + Nw(x, t) + q (x, t)], (24) k=0
[ [ ( )


and pn : wn (x, t) = S1 u S L pn wn (x, t)
]]
n=0

n1

S [w (x, t)] = uk fk (x) + pn Hn (w) + q (x, t) , (31)
k=0 n=0
+ u S[Lw(x, t) + Nw(x, t) + q (x, t)], (25) By utilizing the results in Eq. (31), and substituting
Operating with the Sumudu inverse on both sides of them into Eq. (27) then the solution of Eq. (21) can
Eq.(25) we get: be expressed as a power series in p.
The best approximation for the solution of Eq.
(21) is:

n1
w (x, t) = S1 [ uk fk (x)]+

k=0 w(x, t) = lim pn wn (x, t)
p1
S1 [u S [Lw (x, t) + Nw (x, t) + q (x, t)]], (26) n=0
= w0 + w1 + w2 + (32)
Now, applying the classical perturbation tech- The solutions of Eq.(32) generally converge very
nique. And assuming that the solution of Eq. (26) rapidly (see [4, 17]).
is in the form


w(x, t) = pn wn (x, t) , (27) 5 Applications
n=0
In this section, in order to assess the applicability
where p [0, 1] is the homotopy parameter. and the accuracy of the fractional homotopy Sumudu

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 Abdolamir Karbalaie, Mohammad Mehdi
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on MATHEMATICS Montazeri, Hamed Hamid Muhammed

transform method in the last section, we consider the By applying the homotopy perturbation method,
following four examples. In example 8, a case of the and substituting Eq.(27) in Eq.(37) we have
one variable time-fractional Fokker-Plank equation is
solved. In example 9, we have generalized biological

population model. In example 10, a two-dimensional pn wn (x, t) = x2 +
fractional wave equation is solved and in example 11, n=0
[ [ (
x)

a systems of linear FPDEs is solved.
1 4 n
pS u S p wn (x, t)
x
x 3
n=0
Example 8 Consider the linear time-fractional ( )
2
2
Fokker-Plank equation with the initial conditions of pn wn (x, t) + 2 pn wn (x, t) .
the form: x
n=0 n=0

( ) (38)
4 x
Dt w(x, t) = w(x, t) w(x, t)
x x 3 Equating the terms with identical powers of p, we get
2
+ 2 w2 (x, t), (33) p0 : w0 (x, t) = x2 , [ [ (
x)
x
1 4
p1 : w1 (x, t) = S u S

w0 (x, t)
where t > 0, x R, 0 < 1, subject to the x]] x 3
2
initial condition w0 (x, t) + 2 w0 2 (x, t)
x
t
w (x, 0) = x2 (34) = x2 ,
( + 1) [ [ (
1 4 x)
p2 : w2 (x, t) = S u S

w2 (x, t)
Taking the Sumudu transform on both sides of x]] x 3
Eq.(33), thus we get 2
w2 (x, t) + 2 w2 2 (x, t)
[ ( ) x
4 x t2
S[Dt w(x, t)] = S w (x, t) w (x, t) = x2
x x ] 3 (2 + 1)
2 2 [ [ (
+ w (x, t) . (35) 1 4 x)
x2 pn : wn (x, t) = S u S

wn (x, t)
x]] x 3
2
Using the property of the Sumudu transform and wn (x, t) + 2 wn 2 (x, t)
x
the initial condition in Eq.(34), we have tn
2
=x (39)
(n + 1)
S [w (x, t)] = x2 +
[ ( ) Thus the solution of Eq.(33) is given by
4 x
u S

w(x, t) w(x, t)
x x 3

]
2 2 w(x, t) = lim pn wn (x, t)
+ w (x, t) , (36) p1
x2 n=0
t t2
= x + x2
2
+ x2 +
( + 1) (2 + 1)
Operating with the Sumudu inverse on both sides
= x2 E (t ). (40)
of Eq.(36) we get
If we put 1 in Eq.(40) or solve Eq. (33) and
w (x, t) = x2 + (34) with = 1, we obtain the exact solution
[ [ ( )
1 4 x
S u S

w(x, t) w(x, t) w (x, t) = x2 et
x x 3
]]
2 2 which is in full agreement with the result in Ref. [21,
+ w (x, t) . (37)
x2 40].

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 Abdolamir Karbalaie, Mohammad Mehdi
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on MATHEMATICS Montazeri, Hamed Hamid Muhammed

Example 9 Consider the generalized biological pop- p1 : w1 (x, y, t) =

[ ]
ulation model of the form = S1 [u S 2(Dx2 + Dy2 )w12 + w1 (1 rw1 )
t r
( 2 2 ) 1
w (x, y, t) 2 w2 (x, y, t) = e( 2 2 (x+y))
Dt w(x, y, t) = + ( + 1)
x2 y 2 p2 : w2 (x, y,
+w(x, y, t)(1 rw(x, y, t)) (41) [ t) = ]
= S1 u S[2(Dx2 + Dy2 )w22 + w2 (1 rw2 )]
t2 r
where 0 < 1, subject to the initial condition =
1
e( 2 2 (x+y))
r (2 + 1)
1
w(x, y, 0) = e( 2 2 (x+y)) , x, y, r R (42)
pn : wn (x, y,
[ t) = ]
Taking the Sumudu transform on both sides of = S1 u S[2(Dx2 + Dy2 )wn2 + wn (1 rwn )]
tn 1
r
Eq.(41), thus we get = e( 2 2 (x+y)) (46)
(n + 1)
[ ( )
S[Dt w(x, y, t)] = S 2 Dx2 + Dy2 w2 (x, y, t) Thus the solution of Eq.(41) is given by
+ w (x, y, t) (1 rw (x, y, t))] .
w(x, y, t) = lim pn wn (x, y, t)
Using the property of the Sumudu transform and the p1
initial condition in Eq.(43), we have r ( n=0 )
1
(x+y) t t2
= e 2 2 1+ + +
( + 1) (2 + 1)
u S[w(x, y, t)] u w(x, y, 0) 1
r
[ ( ) = e 2 2 (x+y) E (t ) (47)
= S 2 Dx2 + Dy2 w2 (x, y, t)
+w(x, y, t)(1 rw(x, y, t))] , If we put 1 in Eq.(47) or solve Eq. (41) and (42)
with = 1 , we obtain the exact solution
and 1
r 1
r
w (x, y, t) = e( 2 2 (x+y)) et = e 2 2 (x+y)+t
1
r
S[w(x, y, t)] = e( 2 2 (x+y)) + which is in full agreement with the result in Ref. [1].
[ ( )
u S 2 Dx2 + Dy2 w2 (x, y, t)+ Example 10 Consider the two-dimensional frac-
w (x, y, t) (1 rw (x, y, t))] , (43) tional wave equation of the form
( 2 )
Operating with the Sumudu inverse on both sides of w (x, y, t) 2 w (x, y, t)
Dt w (x, y, t) = 2 + ,
Eq.(42) we get x2 y 2
(48)
r
1
w (x, y, t) = e( 2 2 (x+y)) + where 1 < < 2, < x, y < , subject to the
[ [ ( ) ]] initial condition
S1 u S 2 Dx2 + Dy2 w2 + w (1 rw) , (44)
w(x, y, 0)
w(x, y, 0) = sin(x) sin(y), = 0. (49)
By applying the homotopy perturbation method, and t
substituting Eq.(27) in Eq.(44) we have Taking the Sumudu transform on both sides of
Eq.(48), thus we get

1
r [ ( ) ]
pn wn (x, y, t) = e( 2 2
(x+y))
+ S [Dt w(x, y, t)] = S 2 Dx2 + Dy2 w
n=0
( )2 and
( )
pS1 u S 2 Dx2 + Dy 2
pn wn (x, y, t) + (
u S [w (x, y, t)] u w (x, y, 0) +
n=0 )
( ) ]] 1 w (x, y, 0)
[ ( ) ]


u = S 2 Dx2 + Dy2 w
1r pn wn (x, y, t) pn wn (x, y, t) t
n=0 n=0 Using the property of the Sumudu transform and the
(45) initial condition in Eq.(49), we have
Equating the terms with identical powers of p, we get S [w (x, y, t)] = sin (x) sin (y) +
r [ ( ) ]
p0 :
1
w0 (x, y, t) = e( 2 2 (x+y)) u S 2 Dx2 + Dy2 w . (50)

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WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on MATHEMATICS Montazeri, Hamed Hamid Muhammed

Operating with the Sumudu inverse on both sides of where 0 < , < 1, subject to the initial condition
Eq.(50) we get
w (x, 0) = sinh (x) , v (x, 0) = cosh (x) , (56)
w (x, y, t) = sin (x) sin (y) +
[ [ ( ) ]] Taking the Sumudu transform on both sides of
S1 u S 2 Dx2 + Dy2 w . (51) Eq.(55), thus we get
{
By applying the homotopy perturbation method, and S [Dt w] = S [vx v w] ,
substituting Eq.(27) in Eq.(51) we have (57)
S [Dt v] = S [wx v w] ,

Using the property of the Sumudu transform and the
pn wn (x, y, t) = sin (x) sin (y) + initial condition in Eq.(56), we have
n=0
[ [ ( )]] {
( ) u S [w (x, t)] u w (x, 0) = S [vx v w] ,
pS1 u S 2 Dx2 + Dy 2
pn wn (x, y, t) u S [v (x, t)] u v (x, 0) = S [wx v w] ,
n=0
(52) and
{
Equating the terms with identical powers of p, we get u S [w (x, t)] = u sinh (x) + S [vx v w] ,
u S [v (x, t)] = u cosh (x) + S [wx v w] ,
p0 : w0 (x, y, t) = sin(x) sin(y), (58)
1 4t Operating with the Sumudu inverse on both sides of
p : w1 (x, y, t) = sin(x) sin(y),
( + 1) Eq.(58) we get
42 t2 {
p2 : w2 (x, y, t) = sin(xt) sin(y), w (x, t) = sinh (x) + S1 [u S [vx v w]] ,
(2 + 1)
v (x, t) = cosh (x) + S1 [u S [wx v w]] ,
(1)n 4n tn (59)
pn : wn (x, y, t) = sin(x) sin(y).
(n + 1) By applying the homotopy perturbation method, and
(53) substituting Eq.(27) in Eq.(59) we have
Thus the solution of Eq.(48) is given by

pn wn (x, t) = sinh (x) +

w(x, y, t) = lim pn wn (x, y, t) n=0
[ [ ( )
p1

n=0
= sin(x) sin(y) pS1 u S q n vn (x, t)
( ) x
4t 42 t2 n=0
]]
1 + +


( + 1) (2 + 1)
q n vn (x, t) pn wn (x, t) ,
(1)n 4n tn n=0 n=0
= sin (x) sin (y)
(n + 1)
n=0 and
= sin (x) sin (y) E (4t ) (54)


If we put 2 in Eq.(44) or solve Eq. (38) and (39) q n vn (x, t) = cosh (x) +
with = 2 , we obtain the exact solution n=0
[ [ (
)

n
(1) (2t) n
w (x, y, t) = sin (x) sin (y) pS1 u S pn wn (x, t)
(2n + 1) x
n=0
n=0

]]

= sin (x) sin (y) cos(2t) q vn (x, t)
n n
p wn (x, t) . (60)
which is in full agreement with the result in Ref. [16, n=0 n=0
38]. Equating the terms with identical powers of p, we get
{
Example 11 Consider the following system of linear w0 (x, t) = sinh(x)
FPDEs p0 :
v (x, t) = cosh(x)
{ { 0 t
Dt w vx + v + w = 0, 1
w1 (x, t) = cosh(x) (+1)
(55) p : t
Dt v wx + v + w = 0, v1 (x, t) = sinh(x) (+1)

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 Abdolamir Karbalaie, Mohammad Mehdi
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on MATHEMATICS Montazeri, Hamed Hamid Muhammed

t+ cosh(x) t+ sinh(x)

w2 (x, t) = (++1) + (++1)
6 Conclusion


2 cosh(x)
+ t (2+1) Recently, a new transform technique known as
p2 : t+ sinh(x)

v2 (x, t) = t+ cosh(x) Sumudu transform has been introduced by Watugala

(++1) + (++1) [37]. This transform technique has a great potential

2 sinh(x)
+ t (2+1) of applicability to solve FPDEs. In addition, the Chi-
(61) nese mathematician Ji-Huan He [12, 14] introduced
the homotopy perturbation method. This method was
Thus the solution of Eq.(55) is given by a powerful tool to solve various kinds of nonlinear
problems.
( ) In this paper, we have introduced a combination
t+
w(x, t) = sinh(x) 1 + + of the homotopy perturbation method and the Sumudu
( ( + + 1) transform method for time fractional problems. This
t t+ combination builds a strong method called the HPST
cosh(x) +
( + 1)) ( + + 1) method. This method has been successfully applied
t2 to one- and two-dimensional fractional equations and
+
(2 (
+ 1) also for systems of more than two linear and nonlin-
)
t+ ear partial differential equations. The HPSTM is an
v(x, t) = cosh(x) 1 + + analytical method and runs by using the initial con-
( ( + + 1)
ditions only. Thus, it can be used to solve equations
t t+
sinh(x) + with fractional and integer order with respect to time.
( + 1)) ( + + 1) An important advantage of the new approach is its low
t2 computational load.
+ (62)
(2 + 1)
Acknowledgements: The authors would like to
Setting = in Eqs. (62), we reproduce the solution thank Prof. Bjorn-Erik Erlandsson, Maryam Shabany,
of [18] as follows: Mohammad Karbalaie and Mehran Shafaiee for the
friendly scientific atmosphere which resulted in inter-
( ) acting outcome.
t2
w(x, t) = sinh(x) 1 + +
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