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MAJORSHIP
Biological Science Questions

Introduction to Biology and Statistics for Biology

1. Both human insulin and insulin extracted from the sheep lower blood sugar levels in humans. This fact
is used as supporting evidence of evolution based on comparative
a. anatomy c. embryology
b. cytology d. biochemistry
2. Taxonomy is the study of the classification of organism based on their
a. habitat c. evolutionary history
b. genetics d. development pattern
3. Who is the father of binomial nomenclature?
a. Carolous Linneaus c. Albert Einstein
b. Charles Darwin d. Gregor Mendel
4. In an experiment, which is the condition being introduced and whose effect is being observed?
a. Conclusion formulated c. Tentative variable
b. Manipulated variable d. Constant variable
5. What type of growth curve is produced from a very abrupt increase in population size?
a. Exponential c. Logistics
b. Quadratic d. Linear

Inorganic, Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry

6. What is the main function of polysaccharide in living cells?
a. Energy storage c. Catalytic activity
b. Storage activity d. Formation of membrane
7. Compounds with the same chemical formula but with different structural formula are
a. helices c. luciferins
b. isomers d. cytokinins
8. Which of the following is a part of the process of chemiosmosis?
a. Protons move along the electron transport chain.
b. Hydrogen ions pass through membranes.
c. Light is absorbed by chlorophyll.
d. Water molecules are split.
9. Which is the universal energy source of the cell of all living things?
a. C b. ATP c. H2O d. PGAL
10. What do we get from carbohydrates and fats?
a. Cell builders c. Heat and energy
b. Tissue builders d. Growth regulators
11. Yeast convert sugar into alcohol through the process of
a. fermentation c. electrolysis
b. combustion d. biomass
12. Why is water a good thermal regulator? It
a. poses high surface tension c. expands when cooled
b. dissolves many substance d. has high specific heat
13. The reaction 2H20 2H2 + 02 in photosynthesis is an example of
a. Synthesis c. Single displacement
b. Decomposition d. Double displacement
14. How many ATP molecules are produced via oxidative phosphorylation when one (1) mole of glucose is
degraded into carbon dioxide and water?
a. 4 b. 6 c. 24 d. 36
15. Which process during photosynthesis involves the addition of hydrogen?
a. Carbonation c. Hydration
b. Oxidation d. Reduction

Cell Biology
16. After mitotic division, the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell as compared to the parent cell
is
a. twice as great c. as great
b. as great d. the same
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17. During the fetal development, oogonia in human females halt meiosis at the
a. Metaphase of meiosis II c. Metaphase of meiosis I
b. Secondary oocyte stage d. Prophase of meiosis I
18. What is the process that converts glucose into molecules of pyruvates?
a. Glycolysis c. Citric acid cycle
b. Fermentation d. Electron transport
19. Which will cause the process of aerobic respiration to stop?
a. Decrease in water supply c. Presence of sunlight
b. Occurrence of darkness d. Absence of oxygen
20. The diploid number of chromosomes is restored during
a. fusion of gametes c. meiosis
b. cleavage d. mitosis
21. Which of the following is the characteristic of budding in yeast?
a. The production of sperm
b. Equal division of cytoplasm
c. The formation of the polar bodies
d. Equal division of hereditary material
22. Which ensures the presence of food supply in plant cells?
a. Chloroplast, stomata, roots
b. Cutin, cell wall, cell membrane
c. Bark, annual rings, buttress root
d. Collenchyma, sclerenchyma, parenchyma
23. Which of the following is referred to as the powerhouse of the cell?
a. Nucleus c. Mitochondria
b. Nucleolus d. Endoplasmic reticulum
24. The structure outside the nucleus in animal cells that is involve in mitosis is the
a. centriole c. microtubule
b. ribosomes d. chromosome
25. Oxygen is one of the materials needed in respiration. Which particular stage of the cellular respiration
requires oxygen?
a. Release of carbon dioxide from the mitochondrion
b. Electrons transport chain
c. Krebs cycle
d. Glycolysis
26. While looking through a microscope at a leaf from a fresh water plant, a student observed some cells in
which chloroplasts were moving around with the cytoplasm. This type of movement is known as
a. pinocytosis c. osmosis
b. synapsis d. cyclosis
27. In the human body, the cell that most nearly resembles a one-celled animal is the ______cell.
a. nerve c. antibodies
b. red blood d. white blood
28. White blood cells ingest a number of bacteria. Which cell organelles are directly responsible for the
digestion of the bacteria?
a. Mitochondrion c. Centrioles
b. Lysosome d. Ribosome
29. Who experimented on the gas released during photosynthesis and what gas did he find out?
a. Jean Senebier, hydrogen c. Joseph Priestley, oxygen
b. Robert Mayer, nitrogen d. Jan Helmont, oxygen
30. The process of fusing cells without cell walls is called
a. respiration c. protoplast fusion
b. protoplast fission d. monoclonal antibody production

Microbiology
31. Freshwater protozoa may be distinguished from many marine protozoa by the fact that the freshwater
species contains
a. contractile vacuoles c. chromosomes
b. plasma membrane d. cytoplasm
32. Which of the following statements is true to Euglena? They
a. locomote by means of a flagellum c. do not have chloroplasts
b. are negatively photoactive d. have a rigid cell wall
33. Flagella, cilia and pseudopodia are structures associated with locomotion of
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a. hydras c. earthworms
b. protozoa d. grasshoppers
34. What microbial organism is used in the creation of genetically modified organisms?
a. Agro bacterium tumefaciens c. Proteus vulgaris
b. Bacillus thuringensis d. Entamoeba
35. What is the common reaction of protozoans to acidic substances like vinegar?
a. Slight c. Negative
b. Positive d. No reaction
36. The cell wall of plant is made of
a. lipid c. cellulose
b. protein d. cell membrane
37. In protozoans, digestion occurs in the
a. stomach c. food vacuole
b. ribosome d. contractile vacuole
38. Which is present in bacteria, protists and viruses?
a. Capsid c. Genetic material
b. Pseudopodium d. Nuclear membrane
39. An organism observed under the microscope appears to be circular. What kind of bacterium is this?
a. Spirillum c. Coccus
b. Bacillus d. Ciliata
40. A bacterium divides in two planes. What will be the result?
a. Tetrad c. Diplococci
b. Sarcinae d. Staphylococci
41. Which is most probably the habitat of thermophiles?
a. Dumpsite c. Lakes
b. Volcano d. Sea
42. Bacteria can be used to clean the environment from harmful chemicals. What do you call this process of
cleaning?
a. Acid production c. Probiotics
b. Bioremediation d. Fixation
43. A drug is fighting virus infection by targeting the attachment stage in viral multiplication. What is the
drug doing?
a. Covers binding site of the cell
b. Incorporation of viral DNA to host DNA
c. New virus are prevented to be discharged
d. Viral materials are prevented from meeting
44. Four (4) bacteria simultaneously undergo one (1) complete binary fission. How many cells are produced
in the process?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
45. Which concept promotes the idea that bacteria are NOT always harmful?
a. Paralysis c. Endotoxins
b. Probiotics d. Competition

Plant and Animal Biology

46. Green plants are considered autotrophs because they
a. can build any kind of substances
b. depend on other sources for their food
c. have many pigments that capture light
d. can build simple inorganic into complete substances
47. In most of the domestic plants, which one is NOT an advantage of vegetative propagation?
a. Quantities of plants can be produced more quickly
b. Established genotypes can be maintain
c. Seedless varieties are grown
d. New genotypes are formed
48. Root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil. To which region of a root tip can you find this root
hair?
a. Root cap c. Maturation
b. Elongation d. Meristematic

49. Which part of the dicotyledonous plants makes them grow in diameter?
a. Mesophyll c. Sclerenchyma
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b. Dermal layer d. Cambium layer
50. Common shrubs like gummamelas and bougainvillas reproduce asexually by
a. fission c. spore formation
b. fertilization d. vegetative propagation
51. Which of these is NOT a fruit?
a. Cucumber c. Squash
b. Ampalaya d. Carrot
52. Which plant has underground stem modified for reproduction?
a. Potato c. Bermuda
b. Banana d. Strawberry
53. When the staminate flower is found in one plant and the pistillate flower on another, the plants is
described as
a. robust c. dioecious
b. complete d. monoecious
54. Which cell structure regulates the opening and closing of the stomata?
a. Companion c. Xylem
b. Phloem d. Guard
55. Spraying some plants with combination of auxins and gibberellins will
a. promote ripening of fruits c. allow division of cells
b. result to seed dormancy d. enlarge fruit growth
56. What term is used when an egg develops into a new organism without itself being fertilized by a sperm?
a. Parthenogenesis c. Budding
b. Conjugation d. Fission
57. In terms of trophic levels, which will be found at the base?
a. Fungi c. Zooplanktons
b. Insects d. Phytoplanktons
58. In many aquatic vertebrates, reproduction involves external fertilization. What is the characteristic of
this type of fertilization?
a. Offspring produced have only the number of chromosomes as each of the parents
b. Offspring produced have twice as many chromosomes as each of the parents
c. Gametes fuse in the moist reproductive tract of the female
d. Gametes fuse outside the body of the female
59. Animals cannot synthesize nutrients from inorganic raw material. Therefore, animals obtain their
nutrients by
a. combining carbon dioxide with water
b. oxidizing inorganic molecules for energy
c. consuming preformed organic compounds
d. dehydration synthesis of large quantities of simple sugar
60. A chemical that clogs spiracles and tracheal tubes would directly interfere with respiration in the
a. grasshopper c. human
b. earthworm d. hydra
61. What do we call the ability of young ducklings to imitate the way mother duck walks?
a. Adapting c. Imprinting
b. Mimicking d. Disguising
62. Which animal is warm blooded?
a. Frog c. Crocodile
b. Bird d. Honey bee
63. Amphibians are organism that are capable of swimming and can navigate at will. They are called
a. benthos c. neustons
b. nektons d. planktons
64. When a mother bird partially digests the food and places an amount into the youngs beak. The process
is called
a. redigestion c. external digestion
b. regurgitation d. feeding independence
65. Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
a. Cnidaria- corals c. Annelida- earthworm
b. Porifera- sponge d. Platyhelminthes-Ascaris

Human Anatomy and Physiology

66. Which condition may result in high blood pressure?
a. Decreased blood volume c. Reduced viscosity of blood
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b. Relaxed phase of heartbeat d. Constriction of the blood vessels
67. In each cardiac cycle the heart goes through a system of contraction called
a. dystrophy c. atrophy
b. diastole d. systole
68. The fluid pressure generated by heart contractions and which keeps the blood circulating is referred to as
a. systemic circulation c. blood reservoir
b. peripheral flow d. blood pressure
69. If you swallow something, you cannot take it back, this is because you have no control over the
movement of your digestive system. What kind of muscles makes up your digestive system?
a. Smooth c. Cardiac
b. Skeletal d. Striated
70. In humans, food is moved down the esophagus into the stomach by means of
a. cyclosis c. active transport
b. peristalsis d. hydrolytic enzymes
71. Which of the following vitamins is needed for the clotting factor synthesis?
a. B b. K c. E d. D
72. Which do you think will cause a decrease in anti-diuretic hormone production?
a. Increase in osmotic pressure of the blood
b. Normally high in sugar
c. Drinking beer
d. Dehydration
73. Names of male and female sex hormones are the
a. sperm and ovum c. testosterone and estrogen
b. chromosomes and genes d. red and white blood cells
74. Homeostasis in the human body is illustrated by the effect of insulin upon the
a. synthesis of vitamin A from carotenes
b. concentration of glucose in the blood
c. constant temperature of the body
d. absorption of proteins by villi
75. Human organ transplants are sometimes rejected by the recipient as a result of
a. Rh incompatibility
b. failure to produce a sufficient number of blood
c. production of antibodies which has a negative effect on the transplant
d. Production of hormones which react chemically with hormones in the transplant
76. What shuts off the immune response in T-cells after an infection has been conquered?
a. Suppressor T-cells c. Histamine
b. Natural killer cells d. Pyrogen
77. The structural relationship between an antigen and antibody is like the relationship between
a. hammer & nail c. car & driver
b. bullet & gun d. lock & key
78. If bone has osteocytes, skin has
a. chondrocytes c. osteoblasts
b. melanocytes d. fibrocytes
79. Fatty acid and glycerol are used in respiration. These may recombine to form fats again. Most of the
stored fats occur in the
a. gall bladder muscles c. liver tissue
b. stomach muscles d. skin
80. The artificial sheets of skin composed of epidermis grown from cells of human donors for the treatment
of burns are called
a. dermagrafts c. epithelial grafts
b. keratinocytes d. cutaneous extension
81. Doing sit-ups helps tone the muscles which are called the
a. rectus abdominis c. pectoralis
b. latissimus dorsi d. deltoids
82. The muscle called extensor radialis longus is found in the
a. chest b. neck c. arm d. leg

83. Which characterizes a cardiac muscle in terms of structure and activity?

a. Striated and voluntary c. Nonstriated and voluntary
b. Striated and involuntary d. Nonstriated and involuntary
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84. Disturbances in body temperature, hunger, perception, menstrual cycles and water balances are
symptoms and defects in the
a. thalamus c. cerebellum
b. cerebrum d. hypothalamus
85. Which is the characteristic of the endocrine system but NOT the characteristic of the nervous system?
a. Their secretion are carried by the blood transport system
b. They are not found in the vertebrates and invertebrates
c. They secrete chemical messengers
d. They help maintain homeostasis
86. What is the technology being used now in the surgery of the retina
a. Laser c. Grafts
b. X-ray d. CT scan
87. The lining of the uterus consisting of connective tissues, glands and blood vessels through which
nutrient reach the embryo is called
a. amniotic fluid c. placenta
b. uterine tubes d. cervix
88. Which would you consider as the most effective measure of controlling population explosion?
a. Ligate the females c. Circumcise all males
b. Vasectomize males d. Population education
89. What BEST describes respiration?
a. Taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
b. Taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
c. Breathing in a mixture of different gases.
d. Breathing in of pure gas
90. What may happen with the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood if you hold your breath for half a
minute? The carbon dioxide concentration will ____________.
a. remains the same c. decrease
b. fluctuate d. increase
91. What disease common among cigarette smokers affects the air sacs of the lungs?
a. Asthma c. Tuberculosis
b. Emphysema d. Tracheal disorder
92. What do you call the joints found in the skull?
a. Haversian canals c. Marrow
b. Spongy bone d. Suture
93. What causes our bones to turn brittle?
a. Turning into muscle tissue c. Removal of collagen
b. Increase in flexibility d. Turbidity decreased
94. What results when bones of a joint are forcefully pulled apart and the ligaments are torn?
a. Sprain c. Socket impairment
b. Bursitis d. Carpal tunnel syndrome
95. The Bowmans capsules in the kidney function as
a. suction pumps c. sponge
b. bellows d. filters

Genetics
96. The number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg is
a. the same as in a sperm
b. twice the number as in a sperm
c. twice the number as in a skin cell
d. half as many as in an fertilized egg
97. What do you call the condition characterized by the appearance of white skin, white hair, and pink eyes
as a result of the absence of natural pigmentation in the blood?
a. Albinism c. Melanism
b. Cretinism d. Mongolism
98. The genotypes of organisms are determine by the
a. phenotypes of the grandparents
b. environment in which they live
c. ratio of genes to chromosomes
d. genotypes of their parents
99. Phenylketonuria is an inherited condition characterized by feeble mindedness. The symptoms of the
disease result from the inability to synthesize
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a. monosaccharide c. nutrients
b. brain cell d. enzyme
100. If the mother has type O blood and the father has type AB blood, what will be the blood type/s of
their children?
a. O b. AB c. A & B d. A, B, AB, O
101. The genetic information in DNA is coded in the
a. base pairings c. sequence of nucleotides
b. polyribosome d. proportion of the base present
102. Which is a possible chromosome set carried by a human sperm?
a. 22 + X b. 23 + Y c. 44 + XY d. 46
103. Genetic engineering has been utilized for the production of
a. human hormones c. uric acid crystals
b. hydrochloric acid d. salivary amylase
104. In recent research, a specific DNA code for an organic catalyst was removed from each of the
three different species of soil bacteria. Using these DNA codes, a single bacterium capable of
synthesizing the three different organic catalysts was produced. Which technique was used to produce
the new bacterium
a. Translation c. Mutagen screening
b. Hybridization d. Genetic engineering
105. When an organism has a duplicate of chromosome in all its cells, this condition is called
a. chromosomal mutation c. hybridoma
b. gene mutation d. polyploidy
106. Which of these are nitrogen bases in DNA?
I. Cytosine III. Guanine
II. Adenine IV. Uracil
a. I and IV c. I,II and III
b. II and IV d. II,III and IV
107. Which law explains that genes are separated from each other during gamete formation?
a. Independent assortment c. Segregation
b. Incomplete dominance d. Dominance
108. A male and a female have both have Rr genotypes at a locus.What proportion (in %) of the
children will have Rr?
a. 100 b. 75 c. 50 d. 25
109. Three brothers have blood types A, B and O. What are the chances (in %) that the parents of
these traits will produce a fourth child whose blood type is AB?
a. 100 b. 50 c. 25 d. 0
110. A male and female with Rr genotype will produce zygotes. Which will NOT be a correct ratio?
a. 1:2:2 b. 1:2:1 c. 2:1:1 d. 1:1:2

Evolution
111. Which fossil bird has marked reptilian characteristics?
a. Bat c. Pterodactyl
b. Lemur d. Archaeopteryx
112. Scientists calculated the age of the earth as ____________billion years.
a. 2.5 b. 3.5 c. 4.5 d. 7.5
113. Remains or traces of ancient organisms in the form of footprints and burrows or tools are
evidences generally called
a. fossils c. rock records
b. variations d. carbon contents
114. There are more similarities between man and monkey compared to man and dog because they
belong to the same
a. kingdom c. order
b. phylum d. class
115. Which theory on how life began do chemists and geologists agree on today?
a. Spontaneous generation c. Naturalistic
b. Special creation d. Cosmozoic
116. The age of fossils can be determined by
a. radiometric dating c. biomass content
b. amount of oxygen d. size and volume
117. Studies show that there are parts of the body that have lost their usefulness and which may later
disappear. What are these parts called?
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a. Fossil c. Residual
b. Extinct d. Vestigial
118. Lamarcks theory of evolution proposed that changes occur as a result of need for them, hence
called the theory of
a. evolution c. natural selection
b. use and disuse d. survival of the fittest
119. Which statement supports Darwins theory of evolution?
a. Variation is not essential to species evolution.
b. Unfavorable mutations favor general evolution.
c. Organisms with favorable adaptation tend to survive
d. Few offspring produced are involved in the evolution process.
120. What is a distinguishing characteristic of Homo sapiens over the lower mammals?
a. Large brain c. Blood vessels
b. Endoskeleton d. Sensitive skin

Ecology and Fundamentals of Physics

121. What do you call the formation of nitrogen compounds from free nitrogen?
a. Nitrogen gas synthesis c. Lipid synthesis
b. Nitrogen fixation d. Denitrification
122. What is the sequence of communities that takes place in a newly formed volcanic island?
a. Geographic distribution c. Hierarchy
b. Succession d. Evolution
123. Which microbe keeps the nitrogen cycle going as a result of each metabolism of ammonia gas?
a. Nitrogen fixing bacteria c. Paramecium
b. Nitrifying bacteria d. Yeast
124. Affluent lifestyle had led to increase demands for a wide variety of consumable products. The
packaging of these products has caused environmental problems that are most directly associated with
a. urbanization c. solid waste disposal
b. PCB pollution d. food web contamination
125. When two species occupy the same ecological niche, they are said to be ________ each other.
a. cooperating with c. competing with
b. dependent upon d. not affected by
126. Which statement is true about climax stage of a biotic succession? It
a. is the stage in which only plants are present
b. persists until the environment changes
c. changes rapidly from time to time
d. is not dependent upon the climate
127. What results in the competition between two species for the same ecological niche?
a. Both species will leave the area
b. One species takes possession of the niche
c. There is sharing of a niche by the two species
d. There is an interbreeding between the two species
128. If a certain kind of disease kills all the rabbits in an area, the population will be affected. Which
type of population would likely be affected negatively?
a. Producers c. Primary consumers
b. Decomposer d. Secondary consumers
129. Most of minerals within an ecosystem are recycled and returned to the environment by the direct
activities of organisms known as
a. producers c. primary consumers
b. decomposers d. secondary consumers
130. Which of the following groups of plants is sensitive to airborne chemicals and is often used to
indicate the presence of pollution?
a. Lichens c. Ferns
b. Weeds d. Algae

131. Which would probably be the first plant to grow back if all the plants in an area were destroyed
by fire?
a. Pine trees c. Annual weeds
b. Maple trees d. Flowering shrubs
132. How does one biome differ from another?
a. range of temperature, rainfall, type of soil and amount of light
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b. different types of people that live there
c. different volcanoes present
d. None of the above
133. Which of the following contribute to the conservation of the forest?
a. Muro-ami c. Illegal logging
b. Reforestation d. Kaingin system
134. Which biome grows tropical grassland with scattered individual trees and large herbivores?
a. Savanna c. Desert
b. Tundra d. Taiga
135. Which is the BEST soil conversion measure that prevents soil nutrients from being used up?
a. Strip cropping c. Windbreaks
b. Crop rotation d. Terracing
136. A tree offers a safe nesting site for birds, while birds eat the insects that cause damage to trees.
Which kind of interspecies relationship exists?
a. Commensalism c. Parasitism
b. Mutualism d. Predation
137. Which are the MOST common sources of pollutants in our rivers and inland waters?
a. Garbage & sewage c. Insecticides
b. Oil washings d. Fertilizers
138. Which cause deforestation in the Philippines?
I. Conversion of forest to agricultural land
II. Indiscriminate logging
III. Human settlements
IV. Forest fires
a. I and II only c. II, III and IV
b. I, II and III d. I and IV only
139. What is the major cause of wildlife depletion (dwindling) biodiversity?
a. Loss of habitat c. Loss of soil nutrients
b. Global warming d. Loss oxygen in the air
140. What happens to population growth when birth rate and immigration are balanced by death rate
and emigration rate?
a. Zero c. Unstable
b. Slow d. Unpredictable

Biotechniques
141. Which of these is a natural ecosystem?
a. Pot with plants c. Forest
b. Aquarium d. Pond
142. Luis purchased a goldfish from a pet shop. Upon arriving home, he just placed the plastic (where
the fish is inside) in the aquarium. Why is this a good practice?
a. The new fish can be oriented by old fishes
b. Acclimatize the fish to the new environment
c. Decrease use of dissolved oxygen in the aquarium
d. CO2 of the new fish cannot be taken by the old fishes
143. Skeletonized leaves are useful in the study of high school biology. Which topic is LEAST suited
to use skeletonized leaves?
a. Netted venation c. Vascular tissues
b. Parts of the leaf d. Midrib and petiole
144. In taxidermy, which is the proper way of killing a pigeon?
a. Hold tightly the thoracic area
b. Use a knife on the cervical region
c. Squeeze the neck region to suffocate
d. Submerge in hot water to also kill microbes

145. A teacher wants to show the movement of animals in his lesson. What should he use?
a. Herbarium and taxidermy
b. Terrarium and herbarium
c. Terrarium and taxidermy
d. Aquarium and terrarium

History and Philosophy of Science

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146. Which of the following is considered the greatest contribution of the middle ages in science?
a. Rhases c. Pantheon
b. Anchors d. Universities
147. Decimal system is intensively used in gathering data. Decimal system was developed during the
Egyptian times. This implies that science, inclusive of biology is
a. demanding evidences c. imaginative
b. quantitative d. durable
148. Biology thrives in the 21st century. 21st century is known as _____________ age.
a. industrial c. information
b. agricultural d. revolutionary
149. Who among the following scientists initially laid down the first medical theories based on
scientific experiments?
a. Hippocrates c. Galen
b. Hooke d. Plato
150. Who is the father of biology?
a. Aristotle c. Darwin
b. Mendel d. Watson