NGHIN CU BC U V C IM SINH HC CA C TR PH QUC

(Clarias gracilentus Ng, Dang & Nguyen, 2011)

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHU QUOC
CLARIAS CATFISH (Clarias gracilentus Ng, Dang & Nguyen, 2011)
Nguyn Vn T(1*), L Thanh Hng(1), Trn Vn Minh(1), Nguyn Th Thanh Tm(1), Phm
Gia ip (1) v ng Khnh Hng(2)
(1)
Khoa Thy Sn Trng H Nng Lm, Tp. H Ch Minh
(2)
Trung tm Khuyn nng-Khuyn ng, Kin Giang
(*)
Email: nvantu@hcmuaf.edu.vn

ABSTRACT
Phu Quoc Clariid catfish, Clarias gracilentus Ng, Dang & Nguyen, 2011, is a new
species found in the Phu Quoc Island of Kien Giang Province.
The Phu Quoc Clariid catfish is a carnivorous feeder. The relative length of gut
(RLG) of the fish is less than 1 for all sizes. The fish feeds mainly on small-size fishes and
crustaceans. The feeding rate of the fish is high. The Phu Quoc Clarias catfish shows
cannibalism when hungry. The correlation between length and weigth of the fish is high
indicated by an equation of regression of W = 0.0037 L3.0747 (R2 = 0.9835). The first
mature age of the Phu Quoc Clarias catfish comes quite early (1+). The spawning season is
found in the beginning of rainy season. The Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of the fish is low
(3.19% for female and 0.27% male fish) and the relative fecundity is not high (19,687
egg.kg-1 in theory and 12,703 egg.kg-1 in reality).

Key words: Clarias gracilentus, new species, Phu Quoc, biological characteristics
T VN
Vit Nam c 6 loi c tr c m t, l: c tr en (Clarias fuscus) min
Bc (Mai nh Yn, 1978; Nguyn Vn Ho, 2005), c tr trng (C. batrachus) v c tr
vng (C. macrocephalus) min Nam (Mai nh Yn v ctv., 1992; Trng Th Khoa v
Trn Th Thu Hng, 1993; Nguyn Vn Ho, 2005), c tr xm (C. meladerma) min
Nam (Nguyn Vn Ho, 2005), c tr ui vo niu (C. nieuhofii) v c tr ui vo cata
(C. cataractus) Ty nguyn (Nguyn Th Thu H, 2000; Nguyn Vn Ho, 2005).
T lu, ngi dn o Ph Quc (tnh Kin Giang) pht hin v khai thc t t
nhin mt loi c tr m h gi l c chnh sui (sau y c gi l c tr Ph Quc).
Theo Ng v ctv. (2011), y l loi cha c m t v l loi mi vi tn khoa hc l
Clarias gracilentus Ng, Hong & Tu, 2011. y l loi c qu vi phm cht tht ngon, c
kh nng pht trin thnh i tng nui c gi tr kinh t cao. Hin nay c tr Ph Quc
ang c ngi dn trn o khai thc trit m cha c bin php bo v thch ng.
Ngoi ra, cho n nay cha c nghin cu sinh hc no trn c tr Ph Quc. Mc tiu ca
nghin cu ny l cung cp dn liu v c im sinh hc ca c tr Ph Quc ngoi t
nhin t lm c s cho vic sn xut ging nhn to nhm bo tn v pht trin nui
thng phm loi c ny trong tng lai.
VT LIU V PHNG PHP
Nghin cu c thc hin t thng 10 nm 2009 n thng 6 nm 2010 vi 7 t
kho st thc a nhm thu mu, kho st mi trng sng ca c cng nh iu tra vic
khai thc v tiu th c tr Ph Quc. Mu c c thu bng lp t trong cc dng sui
nh v cc bng trong rng pha bc o Ph Quc. Tin hnh o kch thc, cn trng
lng c sng va c thu v sau c nh c vi dung dch formol 10% c tip
tc phn tch ti phng th nghim thuc Khoa Thy Sn Trng i hc Nng Lm Tp.
H Ch Minh.
Tnh n v s n mi ca c
Tnh n ca c c xc nh da trn kho st c quan bt mi v ch s chiu di
tng i ca rut (relative length of gut, RLG) theo Nikolsky (1963).
RLG = Li/Ls
Trong : Li (cm): chiu di rut
Ls (cm): chiu di chun
Tnh n ca c cn c xc nh theo phng php tn s xut hin. Tn s xut
hin l t l % cc loi thc n khc nhau hin din trong d dy c cha thc n (Pravdin,
1973).
Cng n mi ca c c xc nh qua ch s no theo ch tiu su cp ca
Lebedev v ch s no y chung (CSNC) (Nikolsky, 1963) c tnh theo cng thc:
CSNC = F*104/W
Trong : F (g): khi lng thc n trong d dy
W (g): khi lng c th c
Sinh trng ca c
Trn c s cn o, xc lp phng trnh tng quan gia khi lng v chiu di
(Ricker, 1975) nhm xc nh kch thc ti a c trong t nhin.
Mi tng quan gia chiu di (L) v khi lng (W) c c xc nh theo cng
thc:
W = aLb
Trong : L (cm): chiu di tng cng ca c
a: hng s
b: s m ca mi quan h gia chiu di v khi lng
Sinh sn ca c
 nh k thu mu c ngoi t nhin kt hp vi thc nghim sn xut ging
nghin cu cc c im pht dc ca c theo Xakun v Buskaia (1968), ma v sinh sn,
cc ch tiu sinh sn c lin quan ( bo, h s thnh thc, sc sinh sn) cng nh kh
nng thnh thc ca c trong iu kin nui.
- bo Fulton (F) c xc nh theo cng thc:
F = (W/L3) x 100
- bo Clark (C) c xc nh theo cng thc:
C = (Wo/L3) x 100
Trong : Wo (g): khi lng c b ni quan
- H s thnh thc (gonadosomatic index, GSI) c tnh theo cng thc ca Crim
v Glebe (1990).
GSI (%) = (G/Wo) x 100
Trong : G (g): khi lng tuyn sinh dc
- Sc sinh sn tuyt i (absolute fecundity, AFe): l tng s trng, theo l thuyt,
c trong bung trng ca mt c th ci. Sc sinh sn tuyt i c tnh theo cng thc
ca Banegal (1967).
AFe (trng) = nO/S
Trong : O (g): khi lng bung trng
S (g): khi lng 3 mu (u, gia v cui bung trng) c ly ra
m trng
n: s lng trng c trong 3 mu
- Sc sinh sn tng i (relative fecundity, RFe): l s lng trng trn mt n
v khi lng c.
RFe (trng/kg) = AFe/W
KT QU V THO LUN
Tnh n v s n mi ca c
H thng tiu ha
H thng tiu ha ca c tr Ph Quc bao gm c quan bt mi l ming, rng,
lc mang v c quan tiu ha l thc qun, d dy, rut.
a. C quan bt mi
C tr Ph Quc c ming rng tn cng ca u. Trong ming c nhiu rng nh
v nhn, mc thnh nhiu hng trn hm v xng l ma. Tm rng tin hm v xng l
ma hnh vng cung lin tc. Vi ming rng v rng kh pht trin, c th d on y l
loi c n tp thin v ng vt (Hnh 1).
Lc mang c tr Ph Quc c hnh que, phn b trn cc i cung mang. cung
mang th nht c 1720 lc mang. Cc lc mang ca c tr Ph Quc t pht trin so
vi c d nh c lc (Hnh 2).

Hnh 2. Hnh dng lc mang trn

Hnh 1. Hnh dng phin rng tin hm cung mang th nht ca c tr Ph
v l ma ca c tr Ph Quc Quc
b. C quan tiu ha
 C tr Ph Quc c thc qun ngn, hnh ng. Vch thc qun dy v ranh gii
gia thc qun v d dy khng r rng. D dy c tr Ph Quc rt pht trin v c vch
dy. D dy c c kh nng co gin ln. Rut ca c tr Ph Quc ngn, gp khc v c
vch tng i dy (Hnh 3).

Hnh 3. Hnh dng ng tiu ha ca c tr Ph Quc

Chiu di tng i ca rut (RLG) nh hn 1, l rut ca c c tnh n ng vt
(Nikolsky, 1963). RLG t thay i cc nhm c c chiu di khc nhau. iu ny chng
t c tr Ph Quc khng thay i tnh n theo s sinh trng ca c (Bng 1).
Bng 1. Chiu di tng i ca rut c tr Ph Quc theo nhm kch thc
Nhm L (cm) (*) Ls (cm) (*) Li (cm) (*) Li/Ls(**) S mu
14,46 12,64 7,46
I 0,590,10 39
(10,0-17,1) (8,6-14,9) (4,2-10,5)
19,29 16,87 10,44
II 0,620,13 24
(16,8-24,1) (15,0-19,9) (7,0-15,5)
27,22 24,15 15,52
III 0,640,12 22
(22,8-38,7) (20,2-34,7) (10,9-26,0)
(*) (**)
Ghi ch: : s trong ngoc l bin ng; : trung bnhSD
Tuy nhin, c nhng kt lun chnh xc hn na v tnh n ca c th cn phn
tch thc n bng phng php tn s xut hin (Pravdin, 1973).
Tnh n
a. Tn s xut hin
Phn tch mu thc n trong d dy ca 60 c tr Ph Quc c thu bng lp tm
thy cc loi thc n ph bin l c (c bi tru (Betta cf. prima), c lc (Channa sp.)) vi
tn s xut hin cao nht; tip theo l gip xc (ch yu l cua), cn trng (kin, mi, nhn)
(Hnh 4). mt vi mu cn tm thy l cy v r cy nh vi tn s xut hin thp (Bng
2). nhiu mu d dy ca c tr Ph Quc, c mi ch mi bt u c tiu ha v vn
cn gi nguyn hnh dng; c bit 2 mu d dy c th nhn thy c mi l c tr Ph
Quc. iu ny cho thy c tr Ph Quc sn sng n nhau khi b i.
 Hnh 4. Thc n ang tiu ha ca c tr Ph Quc, (a) c v (b) gip xc
Bng 2. Loi thc n v tn s xut hin thc n trong d dy c tr Ph Quc (n = 60)
Loi thc n S mu xut hin Tn s xut hin (%)
C 53 88,33
Gip xc (cua) 26 43,33
Cn trng (kin, mi,) 21 35,00
Thc n thc vt 3 5,00
Kho st nhng mu c tr Ph Quc c thc n cha y trong ng tiu ha th
thc n l c c th chim n 80,78% tng khi lng thc n c trong d dy.
Da vo vic phn tch thnh phn
thc n theo phng php tn s xut hin v
khi lng, chng ti cho rng thc n a
thch ca c tr Ph Quc l c v gip xc.
Thc n c ngun gc thc vt c th l thc
n tnh c khi c n cc loi thc n a thch.
Lp thng c t trong vng ngp nc
c nhiu cy c nn c ngu nhin n phi
thc n ny. Tuy nhin, do cc mu c tr
Ph Quc kho st c thu bng hnh
thc t lp nn thnh phn thc n ch yu
l cc sinh vt khc i vo trong lp.
Trong t nhin (c t do tm mi) thnh phn
Hnh 5. Lng thc n c tm thy
thc n ca c tr Ph Quc c th a dng
hn. mt mu c tr Ph Quc
b. Ch s no
Ch s no phn nh cng n mi v lng n ca c. Ch s no ca c
ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh cht lng mi trng nc, cht lng thc n, trng thi
sinh l ca c,
Kt qu kho st 50 mu c c cha thc n trong d dy cho thy ch s no t
t cp 1 n cp 5, khng c cp 0. T l c c ch s no t cp 3 tr ln chim 80%
cho thy cng n mi ca c rt ln (Bng 3).
Bng 3. T l cp no ca c tr Ph Quc (n = 50)
Cp no S mu T l (%)
0 0 0,0
1 3 6,0
2 7 14,0
 3 28 56,0
4 7 14,0
5 5 10,0
Ch s no y chung ca c l 148,2. Ngoi ra, c mu d dy cha thc n n 5
c mi (Hnh 5) nn c th ni c tr Ph Quc c lng n rt ln.
Do c tr Ph Quc c nh bt bng lp. Lp c t vo chiu ngy hm
trc v thu vo sng ngy hm sau. Hu ht cc mu d dy ca c u c y thc n
nn chng ti d on y l loi c c tp tnh n mi ban m. Tt c cc mu d dy
c kho st u c thc n ang trong giai on b tiu ha nn c th ni c tr Ph
Quc l loi rt hu n; sau khi n no v tiu ha ht thc n c mi n li.
c im sinh trng
Sinh trng ca c l qu trnh gia tng v kch thc v khi lng c th. Qu
trnh ny c trng cho tng loi c v th hin qua mi tng quan gia chiu di v khi
lng ca c (Nikolsky, 1963).

600
3,0747
500 y = 0,0037 x
Khi lng (g)

2
R = 0,9835
400
300
200
100
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Chiu di (cm)

Hnh 6. Tng quan chiu di v khi lng c tr Ph Quc

Phng trnh tng quan gia chiu di (L = 8,846,0 cm) v khi lng (W =
2,6420 g), t 80 mu c thu c, ca c tr Ph Quc l W = 0,0037 L3,0747 vi h s
tng quan R2 = 0,9835 (Hnh 6). Vi gi tr R thu c cho thy tng quan gia chiu
di v khi lng ca c tr Ph Quc l rt cht ch. Phn tch tng quan gia chiu di
v khi lng cho thy, khi c tr Ph Quc cn nh (L < 25 cm) c tng trng ch yu
v chiu di v tng trng v khi lng khng ng k; khi c ln hn (L > 25 cm), c
bt u tng trng nhanh v khi lng.
Theo Mai nh Yn v ctv. (1982) th s tng nhanh v chiu di giai on u
ca i sng c ngha thch nghi rt ln nhm vt khi s chn p ca k th; sau
qu trnh tng trng gia chiu di v khi lng din ra song song v trc lc t s
thnh thc sinh dc ln u c ch yu tng nhanh v khi lng. Quy lut ny cng ph
hp i vi s tng trng ca c tr Ph Quc trong t nhin.
Do c c khai thc ch yu bng lp kch c nh nn mu c ln nht m chng
ti thu c t chiu di tng cng 38,7 cm. Tuy nhin, theo m t ca ng dn, kch c
c ln nht c nh bt ngoi t nhin c th t ti 70 cm.
c im sinh sn
Xc nh gii tnh
 Hnh 7. Phn bit c ci c tr Ph Quc; (a) c c, (b) c ci
Vic xc nh gii tnh c tr Ph Quc l tng i d dng; c bit, i vi
nhng c th thnh thc sinh dc. i vi c c, gai sinh dc di hnh tam gic, pha
u mt nhn, thng c mu trng n hng nht. i vi c ci, khng c gai sinh dc,
l sinh dc trn, thng c mu trng n hng nht. C ci khi thnh thc sinh dc c
bng to, mm u, l sinh dc phng to v c mu ng hng (Hnh 7).
Ngoi ra, c tr Ph Quc c thng c kch thc v trng lng ln hn c ci
cng tui.
Cc giai on pht trin ca tuyn sinh dc
Cc giai on pht trin tuyn sinh dc ca c tr Ph Quc, theo cc ch tiu m t
bi Xakun v Buskaia (1968), nh sau.
a. Hnh thi tuyn sinh dc c ci
Tuyn sinh dc ca c tr Ph Quc ci bao gm 2 bung trng c dng ti, hnh
ng di, phn u bung trng phnh to v thun nh dn v pha ng dn trng. Bn ngoi
c nhiu mch mu phn b. on cui ca cc bung trng nhp li vi nhau thnh ng
dn trng v m ra ngoi l huyt.
Giai on I: giai on ny c cha thnh thc sinh dc nn bung trng ch l hai
si mnh v nh, c mu trong sut nm st vch lng xoang thn; lc ny cha phn bit
c c, ci.
Giai on II: lc ny bung trng tng i ln hn, trong v vi knh lp c th
nhn thy c vi ht trng mu trng c kch thc rt nh. Bung trng giai on ny
c mu hng hay nht (Hnh 8).
 Hnh 8. Bung trng c tr Ph Quc ci giai on II
Giai on III: bung trng gia tng kch thc mt cch ng k, c mu nu v
c th nhn thy c cc ht trng mu vng nht bn trong (Hnh 9).

Hnh 9. Bung trng c tr Ph Quc ci u giai on III

Giai on IV: bung trng chim mt phn ln xoang bng ca c, nhn r ht
trng mu vng nu, trn cng. Khi ct ngang bung trng, ly ko no th thy cc ht
trng ri ra tng ht mt (Hnh 10).
 Hnh 10. Bung trng c tr Ph Quc ci u giai on IV
Giai on V: bung trng t kch thc ln nht v trng thi sn sng tham gia
sinh sn. Lc ny vut nh vo bng c c th thy c trng chy ra.
Giai on VI: y l giai on sau khi c tham gia sinh sn. Lc ny trng
c ra ngoi nn bung trng teo nh li, ton b bung trng mm nho, c mu
thm. Bn trong bung trng cn st li nhng ht trng cc giai on pht trin khc
nhau.
b. Hnh thi tuyn sinh dc c c
Tuyn sinh dc ca c tr Ph Quc c l hai bung ca tinh so khng u nhau
vi cc thy hnh rng ca, c kt hp vi nhau mt u thnh ng dn tinh v m ra
ngoi l niu-sinh dc (Hnh 11).

Hnh 11. V tr tinh so (giai on II) ca c tr Ph Quc c

Giai on I: tinh so lc ny cha pht trin ch l hai si mnh, trong v nm st
vch lng xoang thn.
Giai on II: tinh so c kch thc ln hn do cc t bo sinh dc gia tng v mt
s lng. Lc ny do c s phn b ca cc mch mu nn tinh so c mu hng nht.
Giai on III: tinh so c khi lng v kch thc tng i ln. Do cc mch
mu phn b dy c m bung tinh c mu trng hng pht (Hnh 12).
 Hnh 12. Tinh so c tr Ph Quc c giai on III
Giai on IV: y l giai on thnh thc. Tinh so t kch thc ln ti a v c
mu trng sa, cc thy lc ny c nhn thy r rng nht (Hnh 13).

Hnh 13. Tinh so c tr Ph Quc c giai on IV

Giai on V: tinh so lc ny trng thi sinh sn, c mu trng sa; tinh trng
cha y bn trong v c sn sng phng tinh khi c hot ng sinh sn (Hnh 14).

Hnh 14. Tinh so c tr Ph Quc c giai on V

Giai on VI: y l giai on sau khi tham gia sinh sn, tinh so c kch thc
gim do tinh trng c phng thch ra ngoi. Lc ny tinh so c mu hng n
nu.
bo Fulton v Clark ca c ci
a. S thay i ca bo theo cc giai on pht trin tuyn sinh dc
S thay i bo Fulton (F) v Clark (C) theo giai on pht trin tuyn sinh dc
ca c tr Ph Quc ci c trnh by Hnh 15. C s thay i bo ng k theo cc
giai on pht trin ca tuyn sinh dc ca c.
 1
0.9 bo F bo C
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
GII GIII GIV
Hnh 15. S thay i bo Fulton (F) v Clark (C) ca c tr Ph
Quc ci theo s pht trin tuyn sinh dc
i vi c ci, bo F v C trung bnh t gi tr cao nht (0,88 v 0,83) khi
tuyn sinh dc giai on II v gim dn theo s pht trin ca tuyn sinh dc. n giai
on III th bo F v C t gi tr 0,69 v 0,63. bo F v C t gi tr thp nht (0,64
v 0,58) khi tuyn sinh dc pht trin giai on IV. Theo Xakun v Buskaia (1968) khi
tuyn sinh dc giai on II th c khng cn nhiu cht dinh dng cho s pht trin
tuyn sinh dc nn cht dinh dng ch yu tp trung tch ly cc c quan khc. Lc c
c tuyn sinh dc pht trin n giai on III v IV th lc ny cc cht dinh dng li
c huy ng cho vic hnh thnh v hon thin cc sn phm sinh dc, chnh v vy h
s bo trong giai on ny l thp nht.
b. S thay i ca bo theo theo thi gian
S thay i bo Fulton (F) v Clark (C) theo thi gian c trnh by Hnh 16.
bo F v C ca c tr Ph Quc ci gim dn t thng 3 (0,82 v 0,77) n thng 5
(0,65 v 0,59). Khi i chiu vi s thnh thc ca c chng ti nhn thy vo thng 5 c
tr Ph Quc ci c tuyn sinh dc pht trin hn hn thng 3. Vo thng 3 tuyn sinh dc
c ci ch yu giai on II (60%) v giai on III (40%) trong khi vo thng 5 tuyn sinh
dc c ci ch yu giai on III (57%) v giai on IV (43%). iu ny cho thy rng t
thng 3 n thng 5 cht dinh dng cn thit ang c huy ng cho qu trnh pht trin
v hon thin cc sn phm sinh dc v vy bo ca c gim i r rt theo thi gian.
 0.9
0.8 bo F bo C
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
T. 3/2010 T. 5/2010
Hnh 16. S thay i bo Fulton (F) v Clark (C) ca c tr Ph
Quc ci theo thi gian
Qui lut v s bin i bo Fulton (F) v Clark (C) ca c tr Ph Quc ci theo
qu trnh pht dc v thi gian tng t vi mt s loi c ng bng sng Cu Long
nh c kt (Nguyn Vn Triu v ctv., 2006), c leo (Nguyn Bch Loan v ctv., 2006).
H s thnh thc
H s thnh thc (HSTT) ca c trong t nhin th hin tnh ma v sinh sn v c
lin quan mt thit vi dinh dng v mi trng sng. Mi loi c c mt h s thnh
thc ring v khi xc nh c h s thnh thc gip chng ta c th xc nh c ma
v sinh sn ca c.
a. Mi tng quan gia HSTT v cc giai on pht trin tuyn sinh dc
H s thnh thc trung bnh ca c ci v c c u tng dn t giai on II, III v
IV vi cc ch s GSI ln lt l 0,2, 0,46 v 3,19% cho c ci, v 0,16; 0,20 v 0,27% cho
c c (Hnh 17). Theo Xakun v Buskaia (1968), GSI t cao nht c hai gii tnh khi
tuyn sinh dc t giai on IV thnh thc. y l giai on c c th tham gia sinh sn
khi c cc iu kin sinh thi thch hp. C ci khi thnh thc sinh dc c ch s GSI
(3,19%) cao hn rt nhiu so vi c c (0,27%).

3.5
3 C c C ci
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
GII GIII GIV
Hnh 17. S thay i h s thnh thc (%) ca c tr Ph Quc
theo s pht trin tuyn sinh dc
H s thnh thc ca c tr Ph Quc ci l tng ng vi c tr trng (3,55-
3,99%) (Nguyn Vn Kim v Hunh Kim Hng, 2006).
 b. S thay i HSTT c tr Ph Quc qua thi gian
H s thnh thc sinh dc ca c tr Ph Quc c s bin ng theo thi gian
(Hnh 18). Ch s GSI ca c tr Ph Quc c hai gii tnh c v ci c gi tr cao nht
vo thng 7 (0,24 v 2,46%); gim thp nht vo thng 3 nm sau (0,20 v 0,24%) v tng
cao vo thng 5 (0,24 v 1,40%). Kt hp vi vic xc nh giai on thnh thc tuyn
sinh dc c 2 gii tnh ci v c cho thy c tr Ph Quc c qu trnh pht dc vo
thng 3, c kh nng sinh sn vo thng 5 (u ma ma).

2.5 C c C ci

1.5

0.5

0
T. 7/2009 T. 3/2010 T. 5/2010
Hnh 18. S thay i h s thnh thc (%) ca c tr Ph Quc
theo thi gian
Theo kt qu iu tra t ng dn cho thy thi gian xut hin v nh bt c con
ging ca c tr Ph Quc l vo khong thng 5 n thng 7. Khi thu mu c t t nhin,
thi im u v gia ma ma c th bt gp c nhiu c con nht. Kt qu phn tch
s bin thin bo v h s thnh thc ca c tr Ph Quc theo thi gian, kt hp vi
nhng thng tin thu thp c t ngi dn a phng, c th khng nh ma sinh sn
ca c tr Ph Quc l u ma ma (thng 5) v c th ko di n thng 7 hng nm.
Kt qu ny cng ph hp vi nhn nh ca Nguyn Vn Kim (1999) v s thnh
thc ca a s c ng bng sng Cu Long. Tc gi cho rng vo khong cui ma kh
phn ln c mang tuyn sinh dc giai on II hay III, thm ch c c c th c tuyn sinh
dc giai on IV. n u thng 5 th hu ht tuyn sinh dc ca c t n chn
mui, nhng c vn khng do khng hi iu kin sinh sn. C s tin hnh sinh sn
khi c ma.
Ngoi ra, khi tin hnh thu mu vo thng 6/2010, chng ti c bit nhng h dn
nui thng phm c tr Ph Quc t khong thng 78 nm 2009 n nay c mt s c
th bt u thnh thc sinh dc v c th cho c. Do , chng ti d on tui thnh
thc sinh dc ca c l khong 1-2 nm tui. Theo ngi dn, kch c ca nhng c bt
c trong t nhin c th cho tham gia sinh sn l trn 40 cm v c trng lng t 300
400 g.
Sc sinh sn ca c tr Ph Quc ci
a. Sc sinh sn l thuyt
Sc sinh sn tuyt i v tng i l thuyt ca c tr Ph Quc c trnh by
Bng 4.
Bng 4. Sc sinh sn tuyt i (AFe) v tng i (RFe) l thuyt ca c tr Ph Quc
STT W (kg) O (g) S (g) N (trng) AFe (trng) RFe (trng.kg-1)
1 0,4 24,6 0,6 173 7.093 17.733
2 0,51 28,7 1,42 487 9.843 19.150
 3 0,81 44,3 1,2 427 15.763 19.460
4 0,9 52,1 0,8 296 19.277 21.418
TB 0,66 12.994 19.687
Sc sinh sn tuyt i l thuyt ca c tr Ph Quc tng dn theo kch thc ca
c ci, thp nht l 7.093 trng i vi c 400 g v cao nht l 19.277 trng i vi c c
trng lng l 900 g.
Tng t, sc sinh sn tng i l thuyt ca c tr Ph Quc gia tng t l thun
vi khi lng ca c. Sc sinh sn tng i dao ng t 17.733 trng.kg-1 c 400 g v
21.418 trng.kg-1 c 900 g, trung bnh t 19.687 trng.kg-1 c c trng lng 660 g.
b. Sc sinh sn thc t
Chng ti thc nghim sinh sn c tr Ph Quc. Sc sinh sn tuyt i v
tng i thc t ca c tr Ph Quc ci c trnh by Bng 5.
Bng 5. Sc sinh sn thc t tng i ca c tr Ph Quc
Khi lng c Khi lng trng S trng ra SSST thc t
STT
ci (kg) thu c (g) (trng) (trng.kg-1)
1 0,44 16,3 4.401 10.003
2 0,55 17,9 5.459 10.016
3 0,58 19,6 6.312 10.958
4 0,59 20,5 6.765 11.427
5 0,8 31,6 10.776 13.470
6 0,9 38,0 14.440 16.044
TB 0,543 6.898 12.703
Sc sinh sn tng i thc t ca c tr Ph Quc tng theo khi lng c ci
tham gia sinh sn v dao ng t 10.003 trng.kg-1 c 440 g v 16.044 trng.kg-1 c
900 g, trung bnh t 12.703 trng.kg-1 c c trng lng trung bnh l 543 g. Nh vy,
sc sinh sn tng i thc t ca c tr Ph Quc l ph hp vi cc kt qu v sc sinh
sn tng i l thuyt m chng ti nghin cu.
Sc sinh sn tng i ca c tr Ph Quc l rt thp so vi c tr vng l 50.000-
60.000 trng.kg-1 (Nguyn Vn Kim, 1999) v c tr trng l 64.840-73.920 trng.kg-1
(Nguyn Vn Kim v Hunh Kim Hng, 2006). Tng t, sc sinh sn tuyt i ca c
tr Ph Quc cng thp hn so vi c tr trng l 29.078-43.020 trng.c ci-1 (Nguyn
Vn Kim v Hunh Kim Hng, 2006).
KT LUN V NGH
C tr Ph Quc l loi c n ng vt. Chiu di tng i ca rut (RLG) nh
hn 1 v t thay i theo kch c c; iu ny chng t c tr Ph Quc khng thay i tnh
n theo s sinh trng ca c. Thc n a thch ca c tr Ph Quc l cc loi c c kch
thc nh, c con cc loi c c kch thc ln v gip xc. C tr Ph Quc c cng
bt mi ln v c sn sng n nhau khi b i.
Quy lut sinh trng ca c tr Ph Quc tng t vi cc loi c khc. Phng
trnh tng quan gia chiu di v khi lng ca c tr Ph Quc l W = 0,0037 L3,0747
(R2 = 0,9835). C tng trng nhanh v chiu di khi c < 25 cm v tng nhanh v khi
lng khi c gn t tui thnh thc v sinh dc.
C tr Ph Quc c tui thnh thc v sinh dc tng i sm (1 +) kch c tng
i nh. C th phn bit c ci da trn gai sinh dc v l huyt. Ma sinh sn ca c
bt u vo u ma ma v c th ko di n thng 7 hng nm. H s thnh thc sinh
dc (GSI) ca c tr Ph Quc tng i thp c hai gii tnh (cao nht l 2,46% c ci
v 0,24% c c). C tr Ph Quc c sc sinh sn tng i thp (SSS tng i l
thuyt l 19.687 trng.kg-1 v SSS tng i thc t l 12.703 trng.kg-1).
C tr Ph Quc, Clarias gracilentus, mt loi mi, ch c tm thy o Ph
Quc Tnh Kin Giang. Vic khai thc c cha c qun l nn c th dn n lm thc
v lm tuyt chng c tr Ph Quc. Cc c quan qun l ca tnh Kin Giang v Vn
quc gia Ph Quc cn nhanh chng a ra cc bin php bo v ngun li c qu him
ny.
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