1.

1
2351

1.2

1.

2.

1.
2.
3.

1-1


(Kishi 1986)

1.3

239

1.4

1.5

1.

2.

1-2


4.55tf/cm2

4.55t/cm2

9/10
1/10
c 0.15 Ag Fy 1/10 c
Ag F y

3.
Rn R n
i Ri ri Qi i i < 1.0 Ri
ri ri 1.0 Qi

4.


limit state
()strength limit state
()
serviceability limit state







Allowable Stress Design(AISC 1978)
Plastic Design(AISC
1978)

1-3


(Ravindra
1978)
i Ri ri Qi (C1.5-1)

i i < 1.0 Ri ri
ri 1.0 Qi i ri

g ( X ) = g ( X 1 , X 2 ..., X n ) g ( X )

g( X ) > 0 (C1.5-2)
g( X ) < 0 (C1.5-3)
g( X ) = 0 (C1.5-4)

g ( RQ) = R Q
R Q R Q
R Q Pf

Pf = P( R < Q)

= 0 FR ( x) f Q ( x)dx (C1.5-5)

F R ( x ) R cumulative probability
distribution functioncdf f Q ( x ) Q
probability density functionpdf R Q

R m Q m
Pf = = ( ) (C1.5-6)
R2 + Q2

Rm Qm R Q R Q R Q
safety index
reliability index
AISCC1.5-1 [ln( R / Q)]m
ln( Rm / Qm ) n ( R / Q ) VR 2 + VQ 2

1-4


ln( Rm / Qm )
(C1.5-7)
V R2 + VQ2

2 2
VR + VQ RQ
RQ

VR2 +VQ
2
RQ = (C1.5-8)
VR +VQ

V R VQ RQ 0.55 (Ravindra 1978)

(C1.5-7)
Rm = exp[ RQ (VR + VQ )]Qm

exp[ RQ (VR )]Rm = exp[ RQ (VQ )]Qm (C1.5-9)

Rm = rQm (C1.5-10)

r Rn
Qn (C1.5-10)

R n r Qn (C1.5-11)

Rm
= exp( 0 . 55V R )
Rn
(C1.5-12)
(C1.5-12)

r
First-Order-Second-Moment Method
(Ellungwood 1980) R Q

Q = Q (C1.5-13)

R = R (C1.5-14)

(g / Q)
Q = (C1.5-15)
(g / Q) 2 + (g / R ) 2

Q
Q*

1-5


Q*
i = (C1.5-16)
Q
Q*

Q* Q
Q= (C1.5-17)
Q
Q* = Q Q Q
= Q Q* Q
= Q(1 Q* VQ ) (C1.5-18)

r
i = 1 Q* VQ (C1.5-19)

Q* r (C1.5-11)

1-6


1.6
1.6.1

1.
mm

2.
3.

4.
5.
(1)
(2)

(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

(7)
(8)

1.6.2

1-7


1.

2.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
3.

4.

1.6.3

1/100
1/20

1.6.4
CNS B1001

1.6.5

(B)(C)(F)(G)(GT)(J)
(LL)(P)(UL)(UU)

1.6.6

(BH)(C)(L)(H)(T)
T(I)I(PL)(PP)(RH)
(Z)Z()(RB)

1-8


1.6.7
CNS B1001-6

1.7
2040 tf/cm2
810 tf/cm20.30.000012/oC

1.8
i = i < 1.0
Ri =
ri = ri 1.0
Qi =

1-9


2.1

2.2

1.4 D (2.2-1)

1.2 D + 1.6 L (2.2-2)

1.2 D + 0.5L 1.6W (2.2-3)

1 .2 D + 0 .5 L E (2.2-4)

0 .9 D E (2.2-5)

0.9 D 1.6W (2.2-6)

D
L
W
E
y 1.0
(2.2-3)(2.2-4)
2
0.5tf/m L 1.0

2003

2-1


(Ellingwood et al. 1980ANSI 1982)

=3.0 (AISC 1986) ( D + L + W )
=2.5 ( D + L + E ) =1.75

loading rate

R / Rn 1.10 (Ellingwood et al. 1980)

2.5

2.0 ( 1990)

1.51.75

2.0

Rn 1.2 D + 1.6 L
3.0 0.80.85

2-2


C2.2-1AISCLRFD

( 1992)
g (x ) R ( D + Lapt + W ) Lapt
(arbitrary-print-in-time load) R ( D W )

L =0.5 D =1.2 D =0.9(AISC

1986)
Rn 1.2 D + 0.5L + W W (C2.2-1)
Rn 0.9 D W W (C2.2-2)

D =1.2 1.2 D + 1.6 L

W AISC
Rn 0.9 D 0.3W D 0.9
0.54.0
0.51.0 W

( 1992)
1.4 1.6 W =1.6
(C2.2-1)
Rn 1.2 D + 0.5L + 1.6W (C2.2-3)

W 1.41.7 W =1.6
(C2.2-2)
Rn 0.9 D 1.6W (C2.2-4)

Rn 1.2 D + 0.5L + 1.6W =2.5 (C2.2-5)
Rn 0.9 D 1.6W =2.0 (C2.2-6)

Rn 1.2 D + 0.5L + 1.3W =2.5 (C2.2-7)
Rn 0.9 D 1.3W =2.0 (C2.2-8)

2-3


Rn 1.1D + 0.6 L + 1.6W =2.0 (C2.2-9)
Rn 0.9 D 1.6W =2.0 (C2.2-10)

(C2.2-5) (C2.2-6)

50

475
y
1.0
C2.2-1 AISC-LRFD

0.9

0.75
0.85
0.9
0.85
0.75
0.8
0.9
0.75
0.65
1.0
0.75
0.9
1.0

0.75

0.9
0.85

2-4


2.3

100%
20%
50%
30%
25%
10%

(AISE 1979)

( 1990)

1. 100%
2. 20%
3. 33%
4.
a. 10%
b. 25%

2.4

20%

10%

2-5


2.5

2.6
D =
L =
W =
E =
Rn =
y =
=
=
D =
L =
W =

2-6


3.1
3.1.1

3.2 3.5

(CNS)

3.1.2

3.2 3.5 CNS 2608

3.1.3

5 5

CNS

3-1


3.2

CNS 2473
SS330SS400SS490SS540
CNS 2947
SM400ASM400BSM400C
SM490ASM490BSM490C
SM490YASM490YB
SM520BSM520C
SM570
CNS 4269
SMA400AWSMA400APSMA400BWSMA400BP
SMA400CWSMA400CP
SMA490AWSMA490APSMA490BWSMA490BP
SMA490CWSMA490CP
SMA570WSMA570P
CNS 4620
SPA-HSPA-C
CNS 6183
SSC400
CNS 6185 H
SWH400SWH400L
CNS 7993 H
WH400
CNS 9704
SDP1SDP2SDP3
SDP1GSDP2G
CNS 11109
SHY 685SHY 685NSHY 685NS
CNS 13061
SH590PSH590S
CNS 13812
SN400ASN400BSN400C
SN490BSN490C

3-2


1.
2.
3.
3.2 3.4
CNS
3.1.2

SNSM SS SS

SN


(Ceq)(Pcm)
(TMCPThermo Mechanical Control Process)
40mm
(Ceq) TMCP -





CNS CSC LYS100
(1amination) 25mm



CNS 7143
SCW410SCW450SCW480SCW550SCW620
CNS 7145
SCC 3SCC 5
SCMn 1SCMn 2SCMn 3SCMn 5
SCSiMn 2
SCMnCr2SCMnCr 3SCMnCr 4
SCMnM 3
SCCrM 1SCCrM3
SCMnCrM 2SCMnCrM 3
SCNCrM 2

3-3


3.3

CNS 4435
STK 290STK 400STK 490STK 500STK 540
CNS 7141
STKR 400STKR 490

3.4

CNS 3124
CNS 3125
CNS 3934
CNS 4236
CNS 4237
CNS 4366
CNS 4420
CNS 4426
CNS 5112
CNS 5015
CNS 12209

CNS 4608
CNS 4687
CNS 4688
CNS 4689
CNS 4690
CNS 4691
CNS 4692

CNS12209 F8T
F11TCNS

(CNS)

3-4


ASTM A307
ASTM A325ASTM A490 AWS Dl.1
JIS JSS
JSS II 09
S10T JIS

3.5

CNS 195
CNS 2957
CNS 2983
CNS 3506
CNS 8967
CNS 13005 TIG
CNS 13014
CNS 13015
CNS 13037
CNS 13039
CNS 13719
CNS 14593
CNS 14596
CNS 14598
CNS 14599 CO2
CNS 14601
(CNS)

(AWS) JIS

3-5


4.1
Ag

4.215%

4.2
An

1.5 mm

10.3.9 s 2 4 g

s =
g =

4.3
Ae
An
Ae

1. Ae
Ae = UAn

An =
U

4-1


(1)2/3WRHBHSI
T
3 U = 0.90
(2)WRHBHIT
3 U = 0.85
(3)2
U = 0.75
5.2
0.85 Ag

2.
Ae
Ae = UAg

Ag =
U

3. Ae

Ae = UA

A =
U = 1.0
4.
W Ae
Ae = UAg
U

(1) 2 W U = 1.00
(2)2 W > 1.5 W U = 0.87
(3)1.5 W > W U = 0.75

shear lag
An
U Ae

An Ag U 4.3

4-2


( Munse
Chesson, Jr. 1963 )
U = 1 X / L 0.9

X C4.3-1C4.3-2
LL
C4.3-2U
LL
C4.3-3

MunseChesson, Jr.1000
10%EasterlingGonzales
U
U1

U4.3

4-3


C4.3-3 L

4.4
KL/r200
L/r300

200
2000.183
tf/cm2

4-4


300

4.5
1.


4.5-1pd
pd4.5-1p
p4.5-1r
r

(1)b
(2)b
(3)b
(4) d


(1)h
(2)b
(3)b
3

(4)D
(5)b

4.5-1

2.
1
7.6

pd

4-5


(mechanism)
13.6.3

67( AISC 1986, 1992 )

3(Yura et al. 1978 )

r r

7.6
4.5-1 pd AISC ASD
P r AISC(Galambos 1976
AISC 1978)(1)(Galambos 1976AISC 1978)
P = 65 / Fy ( Fy ksi)
(Yura et al. 1978) P
(2) P = 1300 / Fy ( Fy ksi)
(Sherman 1976)
P (Sherman and Tanavde
1984Galambos 1988) r
1968(Winter 1970)
AISC 1300 / F y

SSRC
(Johnston 1976)Q-Q-
AISI
(Winter 1970) (Galambos
1988)

4-6


4.5-1 Fytf/cm2


pd p r
I
b/t 14 / Fy 17 / Fy 37 / Fy Fr [b]

I
b/t 14 / Fy 17 / Fy 28 / Fyw Fr [b]
[a]
I

b/t 14 / Fy 16 / Fy 25 / Fy

b/t 14 / Fy 16 / Fy 20 / Fy Fr [b]

b/t 14 / Fy 16 / Fy 20 / Fy
()
T d/t 14 / Fy 16 / Fy 34 / Fy


30 / Fy 50 / Fy 63 / Fy
b/t


b/t 45 / Fy 50 / Fy 63 / Fy

b/t 43 / Fy 63 / Fy

[a] h / tw 138 / Fy 170 / Fy 260 / Fy
Pu / b Py 0.125 Pu / b Py 0.125
138 Pa 170 Pa
1 1 .54 1 2 . 75
F y b Py F y b P y
Pu / b Py > 0.125 Pu / b Py > 0.125
h / tw 260 / Fy
51 Pa 51 Pa
2 . 33 2 . 33
F y b Py F y b Py
68 68

Fy Fy
b/t
68 / Fy
h / tw
D/t 90 / Fy 145 / Fy 232 / Fy
D/t 90 / Fy 145 / Fy 630 / Fy
[a] Fy
[b]Fr =
= 0.7 tf/cm2 ()
= 1.16 tf/cm2 ()

4-7


4.5-1

4-8


4.6

(1)
(2)
(3)
z
d = d o (1 + ) (4.6-1)
L

d o =
d L =
= ( d L d o ) / d o 0.268( L / d o ) 6.0
z
L

c
(1) c = k r L / rox Kr rox
(2) c = KL / roy K

roy

(Kitipornchai and Trahair 1980Timoshenkoand Gere 1961
Bleich 1952) eff

( Johnston 1976;Timoshenko and Gere 1961Bleich 1952)

4.7

4-9


--


-
--

-

4.8
1.

K1.01.0K

2.

K1.0

SSRCGuide to
Design Criteria for Metal Compression Members(Galambos 1988)

4-10


KL
KLK
K

C4.8-16K
SSRC(Structural Stability Research Council)

(a)(b)(c)1
(d)(e)(f)1

C4.8-1(f)
2

(Galambos 1960)
(f)K2.0

K
K
KC4.8-1
(alignment chart method)
K
C4.8-2

(1)
(2)
(3)

4-11


(4)

(5)

(6) L P / EI
(7) I / L
(8)
(9)
(Johnston 1976)
(Yura 1971
Disque 1973) G C4.8-2 G

3G
C4.8-2G

--
-

(Winter 1958)

K1
K=1.0 (Johnston 1976)

K
C4.8-2 (Ig / Lg)
Q
[1- ]
Qcr
QQcrK= 1.0G

4-12


C4.8-1 K

( I c / Lc )
G G =
( I g / Lg )
A B
Ic Lc Ig Lg
Ic Ig
G G

G 10
G 1.0 G

C4.8-2 K

4-13


4.9
A =cm2
A =Ae = UAcm2
Ae =cm2
Ag =cm2
An =cm2
D =cm
E = 2040tf/cm2
Fr =tf/cm2
Fy =tf/cm2
Fyf =tf/cm2
Fyw =tf/cm2
I =cm4
Ic =cm4
Ig =cm4
K =
L =4.3U = 1 X / Lcm
L =4.4cm
Lc =cm
Lg =cm
Pu =tf
Py =tf
Q =tf
Qcr =K = 1.0
U =
X =
b =cm
d =cm
dL =cm
do =cm
g =cm
h =hcm
r =cm
rox , roy = XYcm
s =cm
t =cm
tw =cm
z =( 4.6-1 )cm
=
pd =
p =
r =

4-14


5.1

5.2
t Pn

1.
t = 0.9
Pn = Fy Ag (5.2-1)

2.
t = 0.75
Pn = Fu Ae (5.2-2)

Ae =cm2
Ag =cm2
Fy =tf/cm2
Fu =tf/cm2
Pn =tf

(5.2-2)
4.3 (5.2-2)

Fu
Pn ( = Fy Ag ) t (= 0.9)
Pn ( = Fu Ae ) t (= 0.75)

(0.9 Fy ) /(0.75Fu ) (0.6 Fy ) /(0.5Fu ) 0.6 Fy
Fy / 1.67 0.5Fu Fu / 2.0

Fy Ag

5-1


(limit of usefulness)

Ae / Ag
(0.9 Fy ) /(0.75Fu ) Fy /(0.833Fu )

5.3

300

L / r 300 L / r 240

5.4
Pn

1.
= t = 0.75
Pn = 2tbeff Fu (5.4-1)

t =cm
beff = 2t + 1.6 cm

2.
= sf = 0.75
Pn = 0.6 Asf Fu (5.4-2)

Asf = 2t ( a + d / 2) cm2
a =cm
d =cm

3. 10.8
4.(5.2-1)

5-2


0.8 mm
2beff + d a
1.33beff

45

4.9 tf/cm2 (70 ksi)
(dishing)
(pin)

5. 5
Ae =cm2
Ag =cm2
Asf = 2t ( a + d / 2) cm2
Fy =tf/cm2
Fu =tf/cm2
Pn =tf
a =cm
beff = 2t + 1.6 cm
d =cm
t =cm
t =

5-3


6.1

6.2
1. r c Pn

c = 0.85
Pn = Ag Fcr (6.2-1)

c 1.5
Fcr = [exp(0.4192c )]Fy (6.2-2)

c > 1.5
0.877
Fcr = 2 Fy (6.2-3)
c

KL Fy
c = (6.2-4)
r E
2
Ag = cm
2
Fy = tf/cm
2
E = tf/cm
K = 4.8
L = cm
r = cm
2. r 1

(6.2-2)(6.2-3)SSRC Guide (Galambos 1988)

2P
L 1500 L(Tide
1985) c c = 1.5 (6.2-2)
(6.2-3)

ASDSSRCStructural Stability
Research CouncilCRCColumn Research Council
tangent modulus method(Shanley 1947)
LRFD

6-1


Bjorhovde (1971) maximum strength

method ASDLRFD

(1)ASD1.671.92

(2)ASDLRFD
L D

LRFD L D
L D = 1.1 c = 1.0 ASD
calibration(6.2-2) (6.2-3) (c )
3.0 3.3
c 1.1 2.6 (ASD c = 1.1 3.3 )
( = 3.0 )ASD



(6.2-2) (6.2-3) KL/r

KL 4.71 E
r Fy
Fy KL
2

Fcr = exp 0.0424 Fy

E r

KL > 4.71 E
r Fy
0.877 2 E
Fcr =
( KL / r ) 2

6.3
T

6-2


6.4

41.5

30 Fy 300mm
50 / Fy 450mm

14 180mm 8
130mm

3/4

6.2
KL/r (KL r )m
(KL r )m

(1)
2 2
KL KL a
r = r + r
(6.4-1)
m 0 i

(2)
2 2
KL KL 2 a
r = r + 0 . 82 (6.4-2)
m o 1+ 2 rib

KL
r
o

KL
r
m
a
ri

6-3


a
rib
a
ri
rib
= h 2rib
h

L r
KL r (KL r )m
(Zandonini 1985)
(Bleich 1952)

(Brockenbrough 1983)
(Stang and Jaffe 1984)

(6.4-2)h

h h

C6.4-1

6.5
5.4(5.4-1)(5.4-2)

6-4


6.6
r c Pn

c = 0.85
Pn = Ag Fcr (6.6-1)

c 1.5
Fcr = (0.2113c 0.572c 0.06c + 1.0) Fy (6.6-2)

c > 1.5
0.764
Fcr = 2 Fy (6.6-3)
c

(6.6-2)(6.6-3)
(1994)

6.7
6.2 eff

S QFy
eff = (6.7-1)
E

S = KL roy
K r L rox
K =
K r =
rox =
roy =
Fy =
Q =
= 1.0 4.5 r
= Qs Qa 4.5 r
Qs Qa 1
E =
(6.2-1) Ag

6-5


(6.7-1) eff
(6.2-4) c

(6.7-1) K r
(Lee et al. 1972)
(6.2-3)(6.7-1) Pcr
( 2
EI o ) (K L )
r
2
I o K r
(Lee et al. 1972)

(Galambos 1988Bleich 1952Timoshenko
and Gere 1961)

6.8
2
Ag cm
2
E tf/cm
2
Fcr tf/cm
2
F y tf/cm

K
K r
L cm
Pn tf
Q
a cm
h cm
r cm
ri cm
rib
cm
rox cm
roy cm

c
c

6-6


7.1

7.27.47.5
7.63

7.2
7.2.1

b MnMn
b = 0.90

7.2.2 LbLr
b

(1) Lbp MnMp

(2) LpLbLr
L L p
Mn C b M p (M P M r ) b M p (7.2-1)
Lr L p

2
Cb1.75+1.05(M1/M2)+0.3(M1/M2) 2.3
M1M2M1/M2
M2Cb1.0
Cb1.0
Mp = FyZ (tf-cm)FyZ
Lb

ILp
80 ry
Lp (7.2-2)
Fyf

Lp

7-1


260 ry
Lp JA (7.2-3)
Mp

A cm2
J cm4
ry cm
Fyf tf/cm2
LrMr

(1)
I
r X
Lr y 1 1 + 1 + X 2 FL2 (7.2-4)
FL
MrFLSx (7.2-5)

X1
EGJA
(7.2-6)
Sx 2
2
Cw S x
X2 4 (7.2-7)
I y GJ
Sxcm3
Etf/cm2Gtf/cm2
Iy cm4 Cwcm6
FL(Fyf Fr) Fyw tf/cm2
Fyf tf/cm2
Fywtf/cm2
Fr 0.7tf/cm2
1.16 tf/cm2

(2)I(7.2-5)
(7.2-7)SxcSxSxc

(3)
4000ry
Lr JA (7.2-8)
Mr
MrFLSx (7.2-9)

(4)M r Lr
(7.2-5)(7.2-8)

7-2


4.5
Lp
MpC7.2-1Cb=1.0
MnLbC7.2-1
(7.2-4)Lr
(7.2-1) Lp Lr

Cb
C7.2-1MnMp(7.2-2)
LpCb=1.0Cb1.0
MpCb=2.3(7.2-1)
MpCbLb

Cb1.0(Johnston 1976)

AISC-LRFD 1999Cb
Cb
12.5 M max
Cb =
2.5 M max + 3M A + 4 M B + 3 M C

Mmax =
MA =
MB =
MC =

Cb1.0
Cb1.0

Mn

2.3
Mp

Mr (7.2-1)

(7.2-11) C b=2.3

Mp
LTB C b=1.0()
LTB

L pd Lp Lr Lb

C7.2-1

7-3


7.2.3 LbLr
MnMcr Mp (7.2-10)
Mcr

1.
I
2
E
Mcr C b EI y GJ + I y C w (7.2-11)
Lb Lb
2
Cb S x X 1 2 X1 X2
1+
2(Lb / ry )
2
Lb / ry

2.
4000C b JA
Mcr (7.2-12)
Lb / ry


(Galambos 1988)

X2(Cb1.0)
(Cb =1.0)CbMp

7.2.4
Lb
LpdLpd
1.I

250 + 150( M 1 / M 2 )
L pd = ry (7.2-13)
Fyf

Fyftf/cm2
M1tf-cm
M2tf-cm
ry cm
M1/M2
2.
350 + 210( M 1 / M 2 ) 210 ry
L pd = ry (7.2-14)
F yf F yf

7-4


3. 7.2.1

AISC-ASD



0.5(M1/M2 = 0.5)M1/M2
= 1


(7.2-13)(7.2-14)(u/y)3.0
7
9Lpd13.6.7

7.2.5 T

4.1r (7.2-15)

MnMcr
EI y GJ
Lb
[B + 1 + B2 ] (7.2-15)

M n 1 . 5M y
M n 1.0M y
B 2.3(d/L b ) I y / J (7.2-16)
BB

7.2.6
Lb
MnMp 1.5My3

7.3

7.3.1
Awdtw

7-5


7.3.2
V Vn V 0.90Vn

h 50 kV / Fyw
tw
Vn 0.6Fyw Aw (7.3-1)

50 k v / Fyw < h 62 k v / Fyw

tw
50 k v / Fyw
Vn = 0.6 Fyw Aw (7.3-2)
h / tw
62 k v / F yw < h 260
tw
1860kv
Vn = Aw (7.3-3)
(h / tw )2
5
kV kV = 5 + (7.3-4)
( a / h )2
a
h

2
a/h3.0a/h[260/(h/tw)] k v 5.0 k v
5.0(h/tw)260(h/tw)
7.6
h/tw50 kv / Fyw Vn
(7.3-1)h/twFcr
Fyw(Cooper 1978)h/t50 kv / Fyw
(Basler 1961)
80%h/tw=50/0.8 kv / Fyw h/tw62 kv / Fyw
(Cooper 1978)
2 E kv
Fcr (C7.3-1)
(
12 1 2 (h / t w )
2
)
(7.3-3) Fcr E=
2
2040tf/m =0.3(7.3-2)h/twh/tw50 kv / Fyw
62 kv / Fyw

7-6


(7.3-4)
7.6

7.4
h/tw 110/ Fyw Vu 7.3
kV = 5 v Vn

at w3 j

2.5
j= 2 0.5 (7.4-1)
( a / h )2

46

1%

30cm
1625cm

7.5

7.5.1

M n S x Fbr
5
(7.5-1)
3

S'x =
Fy
F br 1
2 F y 0 .6 F y (7.5-2)
3
6 B Fsr2 + Fwr2

Fbr Fy /3Fbr

Fbr B Fsr2 + Fwr2 (7.5-3)

7-7


Fsr840/(hsLdo/Af) (7.5-4)
2
Fwr12000/(hwL/rTO ) (7.5-5)

hs1.0 + 0.0230 Ld o / A f
hw1.0 + 0.0040 L / rTO
rTO1/3
cm
Af cm2
do cm
dL cm
(dL - do)/do[0.27(L/do)6.0]
L cm
(7.5-2)(7.5-3)
1.M2M1

M M
B1+0.37 1 + 1 +0.50 1 + 1 1.0 (7.5-6)
M2 M2
M1/M2M1/M2
0

2.fb2
fb1
f f
B1+0.58 1 + b1 0.70 1 + b1 1.0 (7.5-7)
f b2 f b2

3.fb2
fb1
f f
B 1+0.55 1 + b1 +2.20 1 + b1 1.0 (7.5-8)
f b2 f b2

(dL - do)/do

(7.5-7)(7.5-8)fb1/fb2
fb1/fb2 fb1/fb20

4.0
1.75
B= (7.5-9)
1.0 + 0.25

7-8


(Lee etal 1972)(7.5-4)(7.5-5)
hshw

(7.5-4)(7.5-5)St. Venant
BFbr
123

1234B1(8.2-1)
(8.2-2)MnB1B1
(Morrell 1974)

7.5.2
7.3

7.6

1.h/tw260
2.h/tw
a/h1.5
(h/t w ) 530/ Fyf (7.6-1)
a/h1.5
985
(h/tw) (7.6-2)
Fyf ( Fyf + 1.16 )

a
h

tw
Fyf

7.6.1
(hc/tw)260/ Fyf b Mn b =0.9Mn
(hc/tw)260/ Fyf 3

7-9


1.
MnSxt Re Fyt (7.6-3)
2.
MnSxc Rpg Re Fcr (7.6-4)

ar h 260
R pg = 1 ( c ) 1.0 (7.6-5)
1200 + 300ar tw Fyf
Re
12 + a r ( 3m m 3 )
1.0
12 + 2 a r
Re=1.0
ar (ar10)
m Fcr
Fcr tf/cm2
Fyt tf/cm2
Sxc cm3
Sxt cm3
hc cm
Fcrprpg

1.p
FcrFyf (7.6-6)
2.pr
p
Fcr C b Fyf 1 0.5 Fyf (7.6-7)
r p
3.r
Fcrpg /2 (7.6-8)

1.
Lb/rT (7.6-9)
p80/ Fyf (7.6-10)
r200/ Fyf (7.6-11)
pg20100Cb (7.6-12)
Cb 7.2.2

7-10


2.
bf /2tf (7.6-13)
p 17/ Fyf (7.6-14)
r60 / Fyf / k c (7.6-15)
pg1840kc (7.6-16)
kc = 4 / h / tw 0.35 kc 0.763

hc/tw = 260/ Fyf

7.6.2
1.7.3

2. v Vn v = 0.9Vn

(1)h/tw 50 kv / Fyw
Vn0.6AwFyw (7.6-17)
(2)h/tw 50 kv / Fyw
1 Cv
V n 0.6A w F yw C v + (7.6-18)
1.15 1 + (a / h )
2

Cv
50 kv / Fyw h/tw60 kv / Fyw

50 k v / Fyw
Cv = (7.6-19)
h / tw
h/tw60 kv / Fyw
3100kv
Cv = (7.6-20)
(h / tw ) 2 Fyw

kv7.3

2
a/h3.0[260/(h/tw)]

Vn0.6AwFywCv (7.6-21)

7-11


7.6.4

7.6.3
h/tw 110/ Fyw Vu
0.6 AwFywCvCv kV =5 =0.9

7.4Ast

Fyw Vu 2
0
0.15 Dht w (1 C v ) 18 t w
(7.6-22)
Fyst vV n

Fyst
D 1.0
1.8
2.4
Vu

7.6.4

0.6 Vn Vu Vn 0.75 M n M u M n

Mu V
+ 0.625 u 1.375 (7.6-23)
Mn Vn

Mn7.6.1Vn7.6.2
= 0.9

7.7

T
(Darwin 1990)

7-12


7.8
Cb
Cv
Cw cm6
E tf/cm2
Fcr tf/cm2
Fyf tf/cm2
Fyw tf/cm2
FL (Fyf Fr) Fyw tf/cm2
Fr
Fyst
G tf/cm2
Iy cm4
Lb

Mn
Mp = FyZ (tf-cm)
M1 tf-cm
M2 tf-cm
Mmax
MA
MB
MC
Mcr
Re
Sx cm3
Sxc cm3
Sxt cm3
Vn
Vu
a
ar (ar 10)
h

hc cm
5
kV kV = 5 +
( a / h )2
m Fcr
rTO 1/3
cm
b

7-13


8.1

8.2
1.(8.2-1a)(8.2-1b)
P
u 0 .2
Pn
Pu 8 M ux M uy
+ + 10
. (8.2-1a)
Pn 9 b M nx b M ny

Pu
< 0 .2
Pn
Pu M ux M uy
+ + 10
. (8.2-1b)
2Pn b M nx b M ny

Pu
Pn
Mu
Mn
x y
=
= t
c c 0.85
b b 0.90

2. Mu

M u = B1 M nt + B2 M lt (8.2-2)

Mnt
Mlt
B1
(1)

8-1


0.64 M1 M1
B1 = 1 + 0.32 10
. (8.2-3)
1 ( Pu / Pe 1 ) M2 M2

Pe1AgFy 2c c (6.2-4)
K1.0
M1/M2
M1/M2

(2)
B1

0 .85
B1 = 10
.
( 1 Pu / Pe1 )
10.
B1 = 10
.
( 1 Pu / Pe1 )
1
B2 = (8.2-4)
Pu
1
Pe2
1
B2 = (8.2-5)
oh
1 Pu
HL

Pu
oh cm
H oh tf
cm
Pe2AgFy 2c c (6.2-4)
K 4.8 2
1.0
(8.2-2) Mu B1 1

AISC (1.6-1a)(1.6-1b) 1961
(8.2-1a)(8.2-1b) AISC(1.6-1a)(1.6-1b)
Pu/ Pn (8.2-1a)(8.2-1b)
C8.2-1
Pu/ Pn AISC fa/Fa
Pn Kl/r (8.2-1a)
(8.2-1b) K=1.0 K=1.0

8-2


(Kanchanalui 1977) 82
k Pu Pn(8.2-1a)
(8.2-1b) k Pn (ATC
Publication 1978)(8.2-1a)(8.2-1b)

AISC-ASD
(First Order Analysis)

AISC 1961 ASD

Cm
(C8.2-1)
1 f a / Fe '

Cm fa -Fe'
Euler Stress(C8.2-1) 1961 AISC-ASD

AISC-LFRD

AISC-LRFD

MuB1MntB2M1t (C8.2-2)

Mnt
M1t
B1 -
Cm
B1= 1.0 (C8.2-3)
1 Pu / Pe
2 EI
Pe= ( K1.0) (C8.2-4)
(KL) 2

Cm0.6 - 0.4M1/M2

Cm (1)
Cm=0.85(2)Cm=1.0

-LRFD
B2

8-3


1
B2 = (C8.2-5)
1 Pu oh / HL
1
B2 = (K1.0) (C8.2-6)
1 Pu / Pe

Pu oh
H L

LRFD Cm
-
B1

()-
M1M2 P C8.2-2 (a)-

( M 1 / M 2 ) 2 + 2( M 1 / M 2 ) cos KL + 1
M max = M 2 (C8.2-7)
sin 2 KL
P
K= (C8.2-8)
L Pe

M1=-M2=M(C8.2-7)

2(1 cos KL)

M max = M (C8.2-9)
sin 2 KL
C-8.2-2 (b) Mmax

( M 1 / M 2 ) 2 + 2( M 1 / M 2 ) cos KL + 1
M max = M 2
sin 2 KL
2(1 cos KL)
= Meq (C8.2-10)
sin 2 KL

( M 1 / M 2 ) 2 + 2( M 1 / M 2 ) cos KL + 1
Meq = M 2
2(1 cos KL )
=CmM2 (C8.2-11)
Cm M1M2
K(Massonnet 1959)

C m = 0.3( M 1 / M 2 ) 2 0.4( M 1 / M 2 ) + 0.3 (C8.2-12)

LRFD Cm0.6 - 0.4(M1/M2)

8-4


2(1 cos KL) KL

M max = M eq = M eq sec
sin 2 KL 2
=CmM2 sec
KL
2
P
=Cm sec (C8.2-13)
2 Pe
1
Mmax Cm M2=B1M2 (C8.2-14)
1 P / Pe

LRFD - Cm
-
C8.2-7C8.2-11 C8.2-13 (Chen and Wang,
1999)
Mmax=Meqsec(KL/2)=B1*M2
( M 1 / M 2 ) 2 + 2( M 1 / M 2 ) cos KL + 1 KL
= sec M 2 (C8.2-15)
2(1 cos KL) 2
( M 1 / M 2 ) 2 + 2( M 1 / M 2 ) cos KL + 1 KL
B1 = sec (C8.2-16)
2(1 cos KL) 2
B1M1/M2P/Pe C-8.2-3

B1* B1a(M1/M2)+B1b (C8.2-17)

B1aB1bP/Pe
0 .64
B1*= (1-M1/M2)+0.32 M1/M21.0 (C8.2-18)
1
P
=
Pe

B1*- C8.2-4
P>0.5Pe LRFD
P>0.8Pe LRFD
(C8.2-18)(C8.2-18)
B1* LRFD B1 Cm

0.85/(1-fa/F'e)
B2
oh/L
B2

8-5


(Kanchanalai and Lu 1979)
B2M1t(LeMessurier 1976Kanchanalai and Lu 1979) B2
AISC-ASD

Mnt
M1t Mnt

M1t B2
B2M1t B1Mnt
M1t
M1t B2
c Pn K1 B1 K1 Pe

Pn Pe

C8.2-1

8-6


C8.2-2 P-

C8.2-3 B1 M1/M2 P/Pe

C8.2-4 LRFD B1

8-7


8.3

fun fuv

1.
fun Fy (8.3-1)
0.90

2.
fuv0.6 Fy (8.3-2)
0.90

3.
fun fuv c Fcr (8.3-3)
c 0.85Fcr 2 (A-2-2)(A-2-3)
8.2

(6.2-2)
(6.2-3)(equivalent slenderness
parameter)e ce

Fy
e = (C8.3-1)
Fe

Fe 2

8.4
(8.2-1)
Pn Pex MnxMu Mpx
Mnx(5/3)S'xFbrS'x
Fbr B1

Cml
B1 = 1.0 (8.4-1)
1 (Pu / Pe1 )

1.
2
P P
C l
m =1.0+0.1 u + 0 .3 u (8.4-2)
b Pex b Pex

8-8


2. 0
2
P P
C l
m =1.0-0.9 u + 0 .6 u (8.4-3)
b Pex b Pex
eff1.5 eff 6.7

8.5
Pu
Pn
Mu
Mn
x y

t
c
b
Mnt
Mlt
Pu
oh cm
H oh tf
cm

8-9


9.1

3 (1)
RC (2)(3)
(4)
(1)(2)(2)(3)(4)

9.2

0 . 85 f c
f c
Fy

Fyr
Fy

E Ec
Fy 0 . 85 f c

Fy f
Fyw

9-1


(1) 5 cm
(2) 4
cm 5 cm
(3)
(4)
25 mm

75%

h tw 170 Fyf
compactness

9-2


9.4

9.4

9.4

9.3

(1) 4
(2)
4cm
(3) sr 0.004 sr
A
sr = sr (9.3-1)
Ag

Asr = cm2
Ag = cm2
(4) 0.018 cm2
2 3
(6) f c 0.21tf/cm2 0.56
tf/cm2 0.28 tf/cm2

9-3


(7) 4.2 tf/cm2

(8) b Fy 3E b
D Fy 8E D

(1) 4%
4%

(2)

(3) 0.672tf/cm2 4.2 tf/cm2

(AISC 1999)

0.56tf/cm2
0.28tf/cm2 0.21tf/cm2

(4)Bridge and Roderick 1978SSRC Task Group 20 1979

Galambos and Chapuis 1980Kenny et al. 1994
3.85 tf/cm2
4.2 tf/cm2

4.2 tf/cm2
(Kenny et al. 1994)
5.6 tf/cm2

(5)

9.3.1
c Pn c = 0.85 Pn
Pn (6.2-1)(6.2-4)
(1) As Ag As cm2

(2) rm r rm
30cm
(3) Fmy Fy Fmy 9.3-2
Fmy = Fy + c1 Fyr ( Ar As ) + c2 f c( Ac As ) (9.3-2)
(4) Em E Em 9.3-3
Em = E + c3 Ec ( Ac As ) (9.3-3)

9-4


Ac = cm2
Ar = cm2
As = cm2
E = tf/cm2
Ec = tf/cm2
Fy = tf/cm2
Fyr = tf/cm2
f c = tf/cm2
c1 c2 c3 =
c1 = 1.0 c2 = 0.85 c3 = 0.4
c1 = 0.7 c2 = 0.6 c3 = 0.2

(Galambos and Chapuis 1980)

(Galambos and
Chapuis 1980) 6.2

(SSRC
Task Group 20 1979) (Galambos and
Chapuis 1980) 48 96
26 170
1.18 0.19

9.3.2

(Bridge and Roderick 1978

9.3.3

1.(9.3-4) Vu

Vu = Vu (1 As Fy Pn ) (9.3-4)

9-5


Vu = tf
As = cm2
Fy = tf/cm2
Pn = tf

2.(9.3-5) Vu

Vu = Vu ( As Fy Pn ) (9.3-5)

3.9.3-6
Vu
Vu = As Fy (9.3-6)

40cm

10.9

9.4
9.4.1

(1)
(2)
(3)

(ASCE 1979)LRFD

9.4.2
1. b M n

9-6


a. h tw 170 Fyf

b = 0.9 M n
b. h tw > 170 Fyf

b = 0.9 M n
2. b M n
b M n b = 0.85 M n

(1) 4.5
(2)
(3)

4.5-1 170 Fy









n = E Ec 1989
AISC ASD

C9.4-1
C
C = Asw Fyw + 2 Asf Fyf (C9.4-1)
C = 0.85 f c' Ac (C9.4-2)
C = Qn (C9.4-3)

9-7


(C9.4-1) C = As Fy

f c' = tf/cm2
Ac = cm2
As = cm2
Asw = cm2
Asf = cm2
Fy = tf/cm2
Fyw = tf/cm2
Fyf = tf/cm2
Qn =

(C9.4-2)
(C9.4-2)

C
a= (C9.4-4)
0 .85 f c ' b
b

C
C (C9.4-1)(C9.4-2)
C (C9.4-3)
(plastic neutral axis, or PNA)
C

C9.4-1 (C9.4-5)
M n = C (d1 + d 2 ) + Py (d 3 d 2 ) (C9.4-5)

Py = non-hybrid
Py = As Fy tf
d1 = C cm
d 2 = cm
d 2 = 0
d 3 = Py cm

(C9.4-5)

9-8


I eff

I eff = I s + ( Qn Cf ) ( Itr I s ) (C9.4-6)

I s = cm4
I tr = cm4
Qn = tf
C f = (C9.4-1)(C9.4-2)

Seff

Seff = S s + ( Qn C f ) ( Str S s ) (C9.4-7)

S s = cm3
Str = cm3
Qn C f 0.25 (C9.4-6)(C9.4-7)

(C9.4-6)(C9.4-7)
Grant et al. 1977

I eff
1530%
0.8 I eff 0.75 I eff I lb
(C9.4-8)

I lb = I x + As (YENA d 3 ) + ( Qn Fy ) ( 2d 3 + d1 YENA )
2 2
(C9.4-8)

d1 = cm
d 3 = Pyc cm
I lb = cm3
YENA = A3 d 3 + ( Qn Fy ) ( 2d 3 + d1 ) ( As + ( Qn / Fy ) )

(Viest et al.
1958Branson 1964Chien and Ritchie 1984Viest et al. 1997)

9-9


0.85f c'

Py C
2

Py + C
2

C9.4-1

C9.4-2
T
T = Ar Fyr (C9.4-9)
T = Qn (C9.4-10)

Ar = cm2
Fyr = tf/cm2
Qn = tf

(C9.4-11)
M n = T (d1 + d 2 ) + Pyc (d 3 d 2 ) (C9.4-11)

Pyc = non-hybridPyc = As Fy
tf
d1 = cm
d 2 = cm
d 3 = Pyc cm

9-10


d2 d1
(Pyc T )
2

(P
yc +T )
2

C9.4-2

0.002

9.4.3
b M n b = 0.9 M n

(1)
(2)(3)
(ASCE 1979) LRFD

0.003 Whitney 0.85 f c'

9.4.4

f c 75 7.2

9-11


7.2
LRFD
7.2 0.9Fy Z Fy Z
Fy S 0.9Fy Z 0.9 1.1 Fy S Fy S

1.2
1.6 100 kgf/m2

9.4.5
1.

b M n 9.4.2
(1) 7.5 cm
wr 5 cm wr
9.4.5
(2)
19 mm
3.8 cm

5 cm

2.
Ac

90 cm
9.6
0.85
( wr hr ) ( H s hr ) 1.0 1.0 (9.4-1)
Nr

9-12


hr = cm
H s = ( hr + 7.5cm ) cm
N r = 3
wr = cm

(9.4-1)
0.75

46cm

3.

9.6 Ac

3.8cm
wr 5cm
4
9.6 wr hr 1.5
9.6

0.6 ( wr hr ) ( H s hr ) 1.0 1.0 (9.4-2)

C9.4-3

1.5mm
1.2mm 0.38kg/m2
Lehigh
(Grant et al. 1977)9.4.5

Lehigh 17
58 75

(1) 19 mm 76 178 mm
(2) 49 184 mm
(3) 22 76 mm

9-13


(4) wr hr 1.3 3.33

(5) H s hr 1.5 3.41
(6) 12 3

(C9.4-1)

(Easterling et al. 1993Kemp and Trinchero 1997)

9.4-1
0.75
reinforcing rib C9.4-4

(Grant et al. 1997)

wr hr 1.5
(C9.4-2)

Lehigh (Grant et al. 1997)

(C9.4-7)(C9.4-6)
Lehigh (Grant et al. 1997)
40 cm 46 cm

9-14


hr 7.5 cm

hr 7.5 cm

hr 7.5 cm

hr 7.5 cm

C9.4-3

C9.4-4

9-15


9.4.6
1. 7.3

2.
a. 7.3
b. vVnrcv = 0.85Vnrc Vc
Vs Vc Vs

(1) Vc (9.4-3)

Vc = 0.53 f c' bw d (9.4-3)

(2) Vs (9.4-4)
Av Fyr d
Vs = 2.12 f c bw d (9.4-4)
s

Vc = kgf
Vs = kgf
f c = kgf/cm2
f c = kgf/cm2
bw = cm
d = cm
Av = s cm2
Fyr = kgf/cm2
s = cm

9.5
8.2

M n = tf-cm
Pe = As Fmy c2 tf
Fmy = tf/cm2 9.3
b = 9.4
c = = 0.85
c = 6.2-4 9.3.1

9-16


(8.2.1a)(8.2.1b) 0.3
Pu / c Pn = 0.3
Pu = 0
9.3 Pu = 0 Pu / c Pn
0.3

(Galambos and Chapius 1980)

8.2

9.3.1
(Galambos and Chapius 1980)

(h2 2Cr ) h AF
M u = M p = ZFy + Ar Fyr + 2 w 'y Aw Fy (C9.4-1)
3 2 1.7 f c h1

Aw = Aw = 0cm2
Z = cm3
Cr = cm
h1 = cm
h2 = cm

48 44
1.23 0.21
(Cross H)

9.5
9.4

9.6
9.6.1
(1)
(2) 4
(3) 1.45

(Ollgaard et al. 1971)

9-17


9.6.2

(1) 0 . 85 f cAc (2) AsFy (3) Qn

f c = tf/cm2
Ac = cm2
As = cm2
Fy = tf/cm2
Qn = tf

Ar Fyr Qn

Ar = cm2
Fyr = tf/cm2
Qn = tf

LRFD

9.6.3
1.

Qn = 0.5 Asc f c' Ec Asc Fu (9.6-1)

Asc = cm2
f c' = tf/cm2
Fu = tf/cm2
Ec = tf/cm2

2.(9.4-1)(9.4-2)
(9.6-1) 0.5 Asc f c' Ec

9-18


(9.6-1)(9.6-1) (Ollgaard et al. 1971) 1989
AISC-ASD

LRFD

1990(9.6-1)

(1) f c' Ec 5tf/cm2 9tf/cm2 9tf/cm2 9 tf/cm2

(2) 13 mm 22 mm L d
4 L D 4.0

9.6.4
9.6.2
9.6.3

9.6.5
(1)


(2) 2.5 cm

(3) 2.5

(4) 6 4
4
8

(Goble 1968)

6
(Ollgaard et al. 1971) 4

9-19


4
3
0.85 N r


C9.6-1

( 1990)

(1) 7.5 60cm

(2) 5
(3) 4cm
(4) 10cm
(5) 3cm

C9.6-1

9.7

9.8
Ac =cm2
Ag =cm2
As =cm2
Ar =cm2
Av = s cm2
D =(9.3 )cm
E =tf/cm2
Em =9.3-2tf/cm2

9-20


Ec =tf/cm2
Fmy =9.3-1tf/cm2
Fy =tf/cm2
Fyf =tf/cm2
Fyr =tf/cm2
Fyw =tf/cm2
H s = ( hr + 7.5cm ) cm
Mn =tf-m
Nr = 3
Pe = As Fmy c2 tf
Pn =(9.3.1 )
(9.3.3 )tf
Vc =tf
Vnrc = = Vc + Vs tf
Vs =tf
Vu =tf
Vu' =tf
b =(9.3 )cm
bw =cm
c1 =(9.3.1 )
c2 =(9.3.1 )
c3 =(9.3.1 )
d =cm
f c =tf/cm2
f c =kgf/cm2
fy =kgf/cm2
h =cm
hr =cm
rm =cm
s =cm
tw =cm
wr =( C9.4-3)cm
b =
c = = 0.85
v =
c =6.2-4 9.3.1

9-21


10.1

(1)
(2)

1950

10.1.1

16mm

10.1.2

10.1.3

10-1


10.1.4

50%

75%

10.1.5
50%

10.1.6
4.5

10.1.7

(Gibson and Wake
1942)
C10.1-1C10.1-2
4.3
75%
50% 1985

(Kloppel and Seeger 1964)

C10.1-2

10-2


X
(a) (b)

C10.1-1

F F

(a) (b)

C10.1-2

10.1.8
A307

A307

10-3


10.1.9

(1)60m
(2)30m60m40%

(3)30m25%

(4)36m
(5)5

(6)
(7)
ASTM A307

10.2
10.2.1
1.



10.2-1

10.2-1

(SMAW)
(SAW)

60

(GMAW)
V
(FCAW) 3
< 60 45

10-4


90
10.2-2

10.2-2

10.2-2

5R/16
R/2 [a]
[a]R25mm
3R/8
R

2.
10.2-3

10.2-3
(mm) (mm)
t6 3
6 < t 12 5
12 < t 19 6
19 < t 38 8
38 < t 57 10
57 < t 150 12
t > 150 16

10-5


10.2.2
1.

(1)
(2)

(3)
(4)10mm10mm
3.0mm
(5)

2.
10.2-4


1.5mm

10.2-4

t (mm) [a] (mm)

t6 3
6 < t 12 5
12 < t 19 6
19 < t 38 8
[a]

10-6


(1)
6mm
6mm
1.5mm

(2) 4
1/4

(3) 4.3

4 40mm

(4) 5
25mm

(5)
2


4

(6)

10.2

(7)
70

1.



10mm
2.8mm

2.
10.2-4

10-7


8mm8mm19mm
AWS D1.1

10.2-3
150mm16mm10.2-4
19mm8mm

6mm
1.5mmC10.2-1

C10.2-210.2.22

(Freeman 1930)4.3
5C10.2-3
C10.2-4(a)
C10.2-4(b)

C10.2-5

C10.2-1

LW

C10.2-2

10-8


C10.2-3

(a) (b)
C10.2-4

C10.2-5

10.2.3
1.

2.

8mm
2.254
10
8mm1.5mm
2.25

42
16mm
16mm1/216mm

10-9


10.2.4
FBM Fw FBM Fw
FBM Fw 10.2-5

10.2-5

10.2-5
C10.2-6

a.1-1 A

b.2-2

c.3-3 B
1-13-3
(Preece 1968)

1 3 2 2 1 2
A
B
A

2 1 3 2 1 2

C10.2-6

10-10


10.2-5

[a]
FBMFw [b,c]

0.90 Fy

0.90 Fy
[d] [g]

0.90 0.6Fy
0.80 0.6FEXX[e]


[d] 0.90 Fy [g]
[f]

0.75 0.6FEXX
0.90 Fy

0.80 0.6FEXX

[f]
0.75 0.6FEXX [g]
[d] 0.90 Fy

[f]
() 0.75 0.6FEXX [g]

[a]10.2
[b]10.2.6
[c]
[d]

[e]FEXX
[f]10.2.410.410.5
[g]

10-11


10.2.5

3mm

10.2.6

; 50kgf/mm2 SN490SM490A572
Gr.50A992E70
40 kgf/mm2SN400SM400A36
E60E70A36
A572 Gr.50
E70

10.2.7

10-12


10.2.8

10.3
10.3.1
3.4F35CNS F10

ASTM A449ASTM
50%
ASTM F436ASTM A563

F10T(S10T)10.3-1

10.3-2

10.3-1
(mm) F10T(S10T) (t)
12 5.9
16 10.6
20 16.5
22 19.9
24 23.7
27 30.0
30 37.1
: 0.7

10-13


10.3-2


tf/cm2 tf/cm2
A307 3.15[a] 1.68[b][e]
F10T(S10T)
0.75 7.50[d] 0.75 4.00[e]

F10T(S10T)
7.50[d] 5.00[e]

3.4
0.75Fu[a][c] 0.40Fu

3.4
0.75Fu[a][c] 0.50Fu

[a]
[b]
[c] Ab
Fy
[d]F10T A490 0.95 5
[e]
125cm 20%

JIS
30mm(M30)AISC


Research Council on Structural
ConnectionsASTM A325A490
CNS 11328 F10TM25
A49095%(
1983)A325A49038mm
C10.3-1C10.3-2(JSS)
S10TF10T
10.3-1
70%
75%
A307
A449
M38(A325A490)
6.3 tf/cm2 (M40-M75)

10-14


C10.3-1 ASTM
(mm) A325 (tf) A490 (tf)
13 (1/2") 5.4 6.8
16 (5/8") 8.6 10.9
19 (3/4") 12.7 15.9
22 (7/8") 17.7 22.2
25 (1") 23.2 29.1
28 (11/8") 25.4 36.3
1
32 (1 /4") 32.2 46.3
3
35(1 /8") 38.6 54.9
38 (11/2") 46.8 67.2
0.7
3/4"1"

C10.3-2 ASTM


tf/cm2 tf/cm2
A307 3.15[a] 1.68[b][e]
A325 6.30[d] 3.36[e]
A325 6.30[d] 4.20[e]
A490 0.75 7.95[d] 0.75 4.20
A490 7.95[d] 5.25
6.30 ( 3.36 (
25mm) 25 mm)
5.51 (38 mm 2.94 (38 mm
A449
27 mm) 27 mm)
4.72 ( 2.52 (
40 mm) 40 mm)
3.4
0.75Fu [a][c] 0.40Fu

3.4
0.75Fu[a][c] 0.50Fu

[a]
[b]
[c] Ab
Fy
[d] A325 A490 5
[e]
125cm 20%

10-15


10.3.2

10.3.3
10.3-2

10.3-2

Rn = 0.75 Ab Fu (C10.3-1)
Kulak et al.,1987

(Kulak et al. 1987 and Fisher et al. 1978)

1978AISC125cm

10.3-2(Kulak et al. 1987)

Rn mAb = 0.5Fu (C10.3-2)
Rn mAb = 0.40 Fu (C10.3-3)
mA307
(C10.3-3)
C10.3-2A32525mm Fu
(105 ksi)

10.3.4

A f t 10.3-3 Ft = 0.75
b

f v 10.3-2

10-16


2
10.3-3 (Ft)tf/cm



A307 4.13 2.5 f v 3.2

F10T 9.8 2.5 f v 7.5 9.8 2.0 f v 7.5

(Kulak et al. 1987)C10.3-4

10.3-3
Ftfv

ft

Ft
R=
Ft 2 2
ft= Fv - fv
Fv
C-
Rf v

Fv fv

C10.3-4

2
C10.3-3 (Ft)tf/cm



A307 4.13 2.5 f v 3.2
A325 8.19 2.5 f v 6.3 8.19 2.0 f v 6.3

A490 10.29 2.5 f v 7.9 10.29 2.0 f v 7.9

A449 6.17 2.5 f v 4.7 6.17 2.0 f v 4.7

10.3.5
10.3-4 =1.0
=0.85
0.75

10-17


(T)10.3-4
(1 T Tb ) Tb 10.3-1

10.3-4 [a]tf/cm2

F10T 1.40 1.20 0.85 1.00

[a] 0.33 10.3.6

70%90%

10.3.9

C10.3-4 [a]tf/cm2

A325 1.19 1.05 0.71 0.84

A490 1.40 1.20 0.89 1.05
[a] 0.33 10.3.6

10.3.6
R str
R str :

Rstr = 1.13Tb N b N s (10.3-1)

10-18


Tb = 10.3-1
N b =
N S =
=
=0.33A
=0.50B
=0.35
=
=1.0
=0.85
=0.70
=0.60

10.3.7
10.3.5

T
1
0.8Tb N b
Tu 10.3.6

Tu
1
1.13Tb N b
Tb10.3-1

10.3.8
1. 10.3-5
2.
6mm

10-19


10.3-5 mm
()(mm)
d(mm) () ()
12 13.5 15 13.517.5 13.531.5
16 17.5 21 17.522.5 17.540.0
20 21.5 25 21.526.5 21.549.0
22 23.5 27 23.528.5 23.555.5
24 25.5 30 25.532.0 25.562.0
27 d1.5 d8 (d1.5)(d10) (d1.5)2.5d

3.

4.



5.




8mm


6. 25mm F10T
CNS F10 8mm
10.3-5

10.3.1110.3.12

10.3.9

Rn =0.75 Rn

10-20


1.
(1)
Rn = 1.2 Lc tFu 2.4dtFu (10.3-2)

(2)
Rn = 1.5Lc tFu 3.0dtFu (10.3-3)

2.
Rn = 1.0 Lc tFu 2.0dtFu (10.3-4)

Rn =
Lc =

t =
Fu =
d =

(Kulak et al. 1987)(10.3-2)

(10.3-4)
6mm
(10.3-3)

10.3.10
A30751.5mm
1%8

A307

(Bendigo, Hansen,and Rumpf
1963)89

10-21


10.3.11
3
10.3.9
10.3-6
10.3-6 C1mm




[a]
22 3.0 0 5.0 1.5d-1.5
24 5.0 0 6.5 36.5
27 6.5 0 8.0 1.5d-1.5
[a]10.3-5C110.3-5

Rn
1.5(Kulak et al. 1987)

3
3
(Kulak et al. 1987)

10.3.12
10.3-7
10.3.9

10.3-7 mm[a]


[b]
13 22.0 19.0
16 28.5 22.0
20 32.0 25.0
22 38.0[c] 28.5
24 44.5[c] 32.0
27 50.0 38.0
30 57.0 41.0
30 1.75 1.25
[a]10.3-8
[b]25%
3mm
[c]32mm

10-22


10.3-8 C2mm




[a]
22 1.5 3.0
0.75 0
24 3.0 3.0
27 3.0 4.5
[a]10.3-5C210.3-5

(Kulak
et al. 1987)



F pcr e
=
Fu d
2
Fpcr = tf/cm
2
Fu = tf/cm
e =
cm
d = cm

10.3.13
12
150mm

(1)24
300mm
(2)
14180mm

12
15cm

10-23


10.4
(1)
Rn

0.75
Rn = 0.6Fu Anv (10.4-1)
Anv =

(2)
Rn

0.75
Rn = Fu Ant (10.4-2)
Ant =

(3)

Rn

Fu Ant 0.6 Fu Anv

Rn = (0.6 F y Agv + Fu Ant ) (0.6 Fu Anv + Fu Ant ) (10.4-3)

0.6 Fu Anv Fu Ant

R n = ( 0 .6 Fu Anv + F y Agt ) ( 0 .6 Fu Anv + Fu Ant ) (10.4-4)

0.75
Agv =
Agt =
Anv =
Ant =

C10.4-1
1989AISC

0.6Fu

C10.4-2

10-24


(Recles and Yura 1983, and Hardash and

Bjorhovde 1985)AISC-LRFD
(AISC ASD 1989)

0.6Fy
0.6Fu
(10.4-1)(10.4-2)

C10.4-2

(C10.4-4)(10.4-3)
(10.4-4)

(10.4-4)

{


{

C10.4-1

C10.4-2

10-25


10.5

10.5.1

10.5.2
n

(1)
0.9
R n = Ag F y (10.5-1)

(2)An0.85Ag
0.75
R n = An Fu (10.5-2)

(3)10.4
RnRn

(1)
0.90
R n = 0.6 Ag F y (10.5-3)

(2)
0.75
R n = 0.6 An Fu (10.5-4)

10-26


An/Ag0.85(Kulak et al. 1987)

An0.85Ag

10.6
6mm

6mm19mm
1.1 0.16t t
19mm6mm

6mm

10.7
10.7.1

10.7.2
40mm 50mm

21
27(J)CVN
175

10-27


C10.7-1

C10.7-2
2 or 3 in

(a) (b)

C10.7-1

C10.7-2

10-28


10.7.3
1.5

50mm

1.

C10-7-3

2.
3.

R1.5tw

1.5tw 1.5tw
tw

tw

(a) (b) (c)

1.5tw

tw

(d) (e) (f)

C10.7-3

10-29


10.8
Rn = 0.75 Rn

1.
R n = 1.8F y A pb (10.8-1)

2
F y = tf/cm
2
A pb = cm

2.
R n = 1.2( F y 0.91 ) d 20 (10.8-2)

d = cm
cm

10.9
c Pp
c = 0.6


Pp = 0.85 f c A1 (10.9-1)

A
(10.9-2)
Pp = 0.85 f c A1 2
A1
A1 = c
A2 = c
A2
2
A1
=0.6ACI =0.7
ACI

A2
2
A1

10-30


C10.9-1 A2


A1

45
45

A1

A1

2
1

A2

C10.9-1

10.10
10.10.1

10-31


CNS 4426 B22463.63

300N/mm2660/100
3 tf/cm21.8tf/cm2
ASTM A307
A449
8.4tf/cm2(M6-M25)7.35tf/cm2 (M27-M38)6.3
tf/cm2(M40-M75)A307A449
ASTM F1554
2.52 tf/cm23.85 tf/cm27.35 tf/cm2

10.10.2

V = P (10.10-1)

P =
=
0.9
0.7
0.55

(1)
Rn
Fu At

10-32


C10.10-1
=0.75
2
=1.06 f 'c kg/cm

C10.10-2
(2)
C10.10-3


(3)
Vu Avf Fy

2
Fy = tf/cm
2
Avf = cm
= 0.75
= C10.10-4
(4)

C10.10-5

(5)
(6)

(7)


C10.10-6

C10.10-1

10-33


A:
B:

A B

B B

1
2

(b)
(a)

C10.10-2

1
1

C10.10-3

=0.55

(1)

=0.7

(2)

=0.9

(3)

C10.10-4

10-34


C10.10-5

C10.10-6

10.11
A =
2
Ab =
2
Ab =
2
Ae =
2
Ag =
2
An =
2
Apb =
A1 =
2
A2 =
C1 =
C 2 =
2
FBM =tf/
2
Fw =tf/

10-35


2
Ft =tf/
2
Fv =tf/
2
Fu =tf/
2
Fy =tf/

4
J =
Lc =
N b =
N s =
p p =tf
R =tf
Rstr =
Rn =
T =tf
Tb =tf
V =tf
V =tf
V =tf
d =
d h =
' 2
f c =tf/
2
f t =tf/
l =
t =
=
=

10-36


11.1

(1)
(2)

(1)
(2)

11.2
11.2.1

11.2.8

(11.2-2)
(11.2-3)
(11.2-4)
(11.2-5)
(11.2-6)
(11.2-7)

11.2.2
Rn
= 0.90

11-1


2
Rn = 6.25t f Fyf (11.2-1)

Rn tf
2
Fyf tf/
t f
0.15b f b f
(11.2-1)
10t f (11.2-1) Rn 50%

(AISC
1978) t fc 0.4 Pbf Fyc
(11.2-1)

11.2.3
Rn =1.0 Rn

1.
Rn = ( 5k + N )Fyw t w (11.2-2)

2.
Rn = ( 2.5k + N )F ywt w (11.2-3)
Fyw tf/2
! tf
!
!

t w

(AISC 1978 ; Galambos 1978)
2:1

11-2


2.5:12.5:1C11.2-1

C11.2-1

11.2.4
Rn
=0.75 Rn
1.
1.5

2 N t w Fyw t f
Rn = 36t w 1 + 3 (11.2-4)
d t f t w

2.
N 0.2
d
1.5


2 N t w Fyw t f
Rn = 18t w 1 + 3 (11.2-5)
d t f t w

N > 0.2
d
1 .5

2 4N tw F yw t
R n = 18 t w 1 + 0 .2
f
(11.2-6)
d t f tw

Rn tf
N

11-3


2
Fyw tf/
d
t f
t w

(11.2-4)
(11.2-5)(Roberts 1981)

11.2.5

Rn =0.85 Rn

1. (h / t w ) /( / b f ) 2.3

Crt w tf h / t w
3
3

Rn = 1 + 0.4 (11.2-7)
h2
/ b f

(11.2-7) Rn


2. (h / t w ) /( / b f ) 1.7

Crt w3 tf h / t w
3

Rn = 0.4 (11.2-8)
h 2 / b f

Rn tf

b f
t f
t w
h = (d 2k ) =
(11.2-8) Rn
(h / t w ) /( / b f ) 2.31.7
(11.2-7)(11.2-8)

11-4


C r = 67600 M u < M y = 33800 M u M y

1%

C11.2-2

11.2.6
Rn
= 0.90 Rn

1100t w3 Fyw
Rn = (11.2-9)
h
Rn tf
t w
2
F yw tf/
h = (d 2k ) =
7.4(11.2-9)
0.5d (11.2-9) Rn 50%

11.2.7

1. P-
Pu 0.4 Py Rv = 0.6 Fy d c t w (11.2-10)

11-5


P
Pu > 0.4 Py Rv = 0.6 Fy d c t w 1.4 u (11.2-11)
Py

2. P-
Pu 0.75 Py Rv = 0.6 Fy d c t w (11.2-12)

1.2 Pu
Pu > 0.75Py Rv = 0.6 Fy d c t w 1.9 (11.2-13)
Py
t w
d c
Fy tf/2
Py = F y A tf
2
A =

C11.2-3

M1 = M1L M1G
M 2 = M 2 L M 2G
M 1L M 2 L =()
M1G M 2G =()
F F

P
P
(C11.2-4)
(11.2-10)(11.2-11)

P

(C11.2-5)
(11.2-12)(11.2-13)

11-6


dc

Vu
a b

M1

0.95d b
db

M2

d Vu c M2
0.95d b

M1 + M 2
F = 0.95d b
Vu

C11.2-3

C11.2-4

C11.2-5

11-7


11.2.8
11.2.211.2.6 Rn
11.2.211.2.3
Rn

11.2.4 11.2.6 Rn
6.2
0.75h25 25t w
12 12t w

(11.1.4)(11.1.6)

(11.1.6)
(11.1.3) Pbf
(11.1.3)

Pbf Fyc( t bf + 5k )t wc
Ast (C11.2-1)
Fyst
=1.0
Pbf =tf
2
Fyc tf/
2
Fyst tf/
t wc =
tbf =
k =

( bst )( t wc )1/3
( b fb ) Pbf

bst + 0.5t wc b fb / 3

bst b fb / 3 0.5t wc

4.5

11-8


11.2.9

11.2.8

11.3

C p + 0.9C s 0.25 (11.3-1)

I d 0.4 S 4 (11.3-1)

0. 05 Ls L p 4
Cp =
Ip
4
0.05SLs
Cs =
Is
L p m
L s m
S m
4
I p
4
I s
4
I d /m
I s 15%

3


(ANSI A58.1-82)

11.4
5

11-9


5

20000

A-5.311.5




5A-5.2AASHTOAREA





1.
2.
3. 2.53tf / cm 2 ( 36ksi )~ 7.03tf / cm 2 ( 100ksi )

A-5.3
(Grant 1977)
A-5.4
(Fisher 1974)

10.3-2

11.5

1.54

11-10


1.

2.

3.

11.5.1

11-11


11.5.2

11.5.3

1/360
1/5001/8001/1200

(Stang et al. 1984

Kulak et al. 1987Johnston 1939)


Fy 56
Fy 70

Z S 1.5

1 20

11-12


11.5.4

11.6
2
A
b f
d
d c
Fy tf/2
2
F yc tf/

11-13


2
F yf tf/
2
F yst tf/
2
Fyw tf/
h = (d 2k ) =
I d 4/m
I p 4
I s 4
k
z
L p m
Ls m
N
Pbf tf
Pbf 5 tf
3

Pbf 4 tf
3
Py Fy A tf
Pbf tf
Rn tf
Rn tf
S m
t bf
t f
t fb
t fc
t w
t w
t wc

11-14


12.1
1.
2.

(2007)

12-1


13.1

1.

2.UBC-97AISC-199720022005

3.UBC-97
100%
25%

13.2
13.2.1
1.
CNS 13812 (SN400A SN400B SN400C SN490B SN490C) CNS 2947
(SM400ASM400BSM400CSM490ASM490BSM490CSM490YA
SM490YB SM520B SM520C) CNS 4435 CNS 4269 (SMA400AW
SMA400BW SMA400CW SMA400AP SMA400CP SMA490AW
SMA490CWSMA490APSMA490BPSMA490CP)

2.CNS 13812 SN400BSN400CSN490BSN490C

3.40mmCNS 13812 SN400C

SN490C

4.
-2927

CNS 2947 JIS G3106

SM SM CNS
13812 JIS G3136
SN
SM

13-1


0.18 0.1 80
KJ/cm 1994 SN
1995
SM
11 SM
SN SN400B SN490B
SM400 SM490
SP
SN400C
SN490C
SP

JIS G3101 SS SS

SS
SS

ASTM A36 A572(Grade

50) A36
A242A441A500(Grade B
C)A501A572(Grade 42) A588 1994
AISC ASTM A992 (
)(0.85) A36
A572(Grade 50)
CNS

CNS 13812 ASTM CNS

X

13-2


C13.2-1

A36 X X X X X X X 0.040 0.050

A572-50 X X X X X X X 0.040 0.050



A913-50 X X X X X 0.040 0.030
54 @21

(1)

A992 X X X X 0.035 0.045
2
(3.5-4.55 tf/cm ) (0.85)
(1)

SM-A X X X X X X 0.035 0.035
(5-6.2 tf/cm )
2

(1)

SM-B X X X X X 0.035 0.035
(5-6.2 tf/cm )
2
27 @0

(1)

SM-C X X X X X 0.035 0.035
(5-6.2 tf/cm )
2
47 @0

SN-A
X X X X X X 0.050 0.050
( 50KG )
(1) (1)

SN-B X X 0.030 0.015
(3.3-4.5 tf/cm )
2
(5-6.2 tf/cm )
2
(0.80) 27 @0

(1) (1)

SN-C 0.020 0.008

(3.3-4.5 tf/cm ) (5-6.2 tf/cm ) (0.80)
2 2
27 @0 3 25

(1) 50KG 40mm

Fy SNSM3.7
tf/cm2ASTM50 ksi(3.5 tf/cm2 )Fy



18%
gage length = 200mm0.8

13-3


13.2.2

1. M p = ZF y
2. V p = 0.6 Fy dt

3. Puc = Fcr A
4. Put = Fy A

13.3

E E = 14
. Fu E E Fu
2.5

1.2D0.5L1.0 E (13.3-1)
0.9D1.0 E (13.3-2)
0.5 tf/m2
(13.3-1)L1.0 E

E y 1.0

13.4
13.4.1

1.
1.2 PD + 0.5PL 1.4 Fu PE c Pn (13.4-1)

0.5 tf/m2(13.4-1)
PL 1.0

2.
0.9 PD 1.4 Fu PE c Pn (13.4-2)

PD PL PE
14
. Fu PE
1.25

13-4


P
Pu 0.5 u 0.4
c Pn c Pn

(1)
(2)
(13.4-1)(13.4-2)

(13.4-1)(13.4-2)(1)
(2)
0.5 c Pn

1988UBC1992AISC
( Rw R)K

Rw (UBC)R(1992
AISC)K

K3 ( 83 Rw )
K3
K3
3
R 14
8 w . Fu
Peq
Peq=lSVoeVoe13.6.1SVoe
ll=1-0.015n 0.7
n =

13.9.6

13.4.2
13.4.1
1.21/2

13-5


(Bruneau 1987)
UBC-94
AISC-92

13.4.3

80%

13.4.4

K1.0

a.
b. Pu 0.4 Py

13.4.5
13.4.1

13.5
13.6

: (OMRF)

OMRF

13-6


13.5.1

13.5.2

1.(FR)13.6.1
2.(13.3-1)(13.3-2)
3.(PR)
(1)13.6.1
(2)

(3)
(FR)

1.b f / 2t f hc / t w 4.5-1
p

2.70%
3.
4.13.6.1
5.
: AISC(2002)


(OMRF)
C10.7-3(c)



OMRF

13-7


13.6

13.6.1

1. M u


. Fu
14

a. M u
CNS3506
(1)Mp
(2)(13.6-1)
b.
M u
,

CNS3506
c.
M u Mp
CNS3506
2.
1.2D0.5L

(13.3-1)
3.
a.( p )
(1)0.03
(2)0.005
(3) p = 1.1(R 1.0) E

R =
E = E

13-8


b.
(1)90%

(2)



1.25

(3)(2)45mm

4.

(1)(2)

(Baker 1969 and Galambos et al. 1978)A36
44ksi1.25
1953(Knudsen et al. 1953)

C13.6-11.3
MpAISC1992
1994

(SAC 1995Tasi et al. 1996Chen et al. 1996)

FEMA(SAC 1995)
FEMA

1. 1994A36
49.2 ksi44 ksi
A572 GR50A36A36
E70

13-9


a.
15%20%0.005

b.
M pr = M p = Zb Fy

A572GR50 = 14
. A36
A572A572

M f = M pr + V p x

M C = M pr +V p ( x + 0 . 5d c )

= 14
.
x =
Vp =
dc =
Mp =

c.(Engelhardt et al. 1996Iwankiw et al. 1996Plumier et al.

1994 1996)
Mp90%
90%95%
1.1 MP
AISC(2002)
Mp 80%
1.3MP40%



MP
90% AISC
80%

13-10


H H

(a)HH (b)H

C13.6-1

3.

(Welded Steel Moment Frame, WSMF)WSMF
1994

UBC
AISC(1992) 8.2
AISC(1997)0.03rad
2
(panel zone)


AISC (2002)
0.04rad


(OMRF)


AISC


(End tab)
25m

13-11


4.
0.0151994SAC
(SAC 1995)1996(LA County 1996)
0.03
0.005

p
=1.1(R-1.0) E
1.1(R-1.0) ( R 10
. )
R=4.84.18UBC
3 3 3 3
= = 4.5 RW = 12 = 4.5 E 0.005
k 0.67 8 8
p 0.021FEMA
0.03

13.6.2
1.
(2.2-4)(2.2-5)

( M p ) Vn

Vn = 0.6 Fy d c t p (13.6-1)

tp

d c
Fy

2. t z
t z
d z + wz
tz (13.6-2)
90

d z
w z

t z

13-12


t z

3.


( M p )
0.6 Fy d c t p


Krawinkler (1978)

0.6 Fy d c t (1 + 3bcf t 2 cf / db d c t )

(1999)




0.2Mp
0.9 M p (Tsai and Popov 1990)

3bcf t 2 cf / d b d c t

13-13


13.6.3
1.b f / 2t f hc / t w 4.5-1 pd

2.
3.70%

70%

13.6.4
Rn 18
. Fyb b f t bf

13.6.5

Z ( F P
c yc uc / Ag )
1.25 (13.6-3)
Z F b yb

Ag =
Fyb =
Fyc =
Puc =
Zb =
Zc =
4.5

1. Puc < 0.3Fyc Ag

(1)

13-14


(2)(13.6-3)20%
1/10
33%

2.

(Krawinkler et al. 1975)

(13.6-3)ZbFyb(ZbFyb+Vpx)
13.6.1

13.6.6
1.
a.


(1)(13.6.3)
(2)(13.4-1)
b.
(1)
(2)( Fyb f t f )2%
(3)
2.


8.1

a.
(1)14
. Fu
(2)1.25
b.
c.L/r60
d.13.6.61.b(2)
-

13-15


1.

2.

13.6.7

170rY
7.2.4 rY (cm)Fy
FY
(tf/cm2)( Fyb f t f )2%

( Fyb f t f )2%AISC(2002)
( Fyb f t f )6%



( Fyb f t f )6%

13.6.8

1.25
0.4 Py
L/r6025%
50%

1.
2.1.25

13-16


13.7
13.6

: (IMRF)

13.7.1

13.7.2

1. M u
13.6.1
2.
13.6.1
3.
a.( p )
(1)0.01
(2)0.005
(3) p = 1.1(R 1.0) E

R =
E = E
b.13.6.1

4.
13.6.1

(OMRF)
13.6.1

13.8
13.9
13.6

13-17


13.6

(CBF)

C13.8-1C13.8-5CBF
AISC1997
(OCBF) (SCBF)
(OCBF)SMRF(soft
story)(Tang and Goel
1987)CBF

(SCBF)(OCBF)

SCBFSMRF
SCBFSMFR
SMFR

SMRF
SCBF

C13.8-1
C13.8-52
C13.8-3C13.8-5

CBFK
VV

C13.8-1

C13.8-1

C13.8-6

13-18


XC13.8-2
C13.8-2

C13.8-1 C13.8-2 X

C13.8-3 V C13.8-4 V

C13.8-5 K

13-19


(a)

(b)

C13.8-6

13.8.1
1.
13.8.4KL/r265/ Fy

2.
C Pn C Pn

3.


C Pn (13.3-1)(13.3-2)


4.
4.5-1pd

5.


1/4

13-20


L/r40%

75%
1.
13.8.4(KL/r)
(OCBF)
KL/r190/ Fy KL/r


(Black et al. 1980)
(Tang et al. 1989)


2.





KL/r(SEAOC 1988 and 1990)0.8
(SEAOC 1988 and 1990)

3.





CBF

4.


5.

13-21


13.8.2
1.


a.Pst
b.
2.

Ae 1.2 Fy

Ag Fu

Ae = 4.3
Fy =
Fu =

3.
a.

b.



1.

2.

1.2

3.

13-22


2t
C13.8-7

C13.8-7

13.8.3 V V K
1.V V
(1)
(2)

(3)

0.3 c Pn

(4)
F y b f t f 2.0%

2.K
13.8.4 K
V K

13-23


V V

C13.8-8

V (1)
(2)
(3)(4)

1.5

1. 4

a. C13.8-8





b.

c.
30%

1.5

d.

2.K
K V V
V V K

K

13-24


C13.8-8 V

13.8.4
(13.3-1)(13.3-2)
13.8.113.8.3

13.9
(EBF)

(EBF)(Dual EBF)C13.9-1
(Link)
(Roeder and Popov 1978Libby 1981Merovich
et al. 1982Hjelmstad and Popov 1983Malley and Popov 1983Kasai and
Popov 1986a and 1986b Ricles and Popov1987a and 1987bEngelhardt and
Popov 1989a and 1989bPopov et al. 1989)Dual EBFDual
CBF


Dual EBF
SMRF
13.3
1.5

C13.9-2ab

EBF

13-25


C13.9-1(b)

C13.9-1(a)(c)(d)
C13.9-5
,

(25mm)850mm900mm

d c c d c

b b b
a a
d c c d d c

b b b
a a
d c c d d c

b
a

(a) (b)

d c d d d
c
b b
a a
b b
d c d d d
c
b b
a a
b b
d c d d d
c
b b
a a
b b

(c) (d)

a=
b=
c=
d=

C13.9-1 EBF

13-26


C13.9-2

13.9.1
1.
4.5-1 pd

2. Fy 3.7 tf/cm2

3.
4.6 Vn
Vn = V p 2M p / e
= 0.9
e =
V p = 0.6 Fy dt w

5. Pu 0.15Py

6. Pu > 015
. Py

(1) V pa 2M pa / e
V pa = V p 1 ( Pu / Py ) 2
Mpa = 118 [
. Mp 1 ( Pu / Py ) ]
= 0.9
(2)

[115
. 0.5 ( A w ] . M p / V p ( Aw / Ag ) 0.3
/ Ag ) 16

. M p / V p ( Aw / Ag ) < 0.3
16

Aw = dtw
= Pu / Vu
13-27


7. 14
. Fu

(1)1.6 M p / V p 0.08
(2)2.6 M p / V p 0.02
(3)1.6 M p / V p 2.6 M p / V p

1.

2.
18%(gage length = 200mm)

3.

4.
Vp 2Mp/e
5. fa0.15Fy

C13.9-3(a)
C13.9-3(b)
fa>0.15Fy 6

6.


C13.9-4
p
t rp

Y C13.9-4(d)


1.6Mp/Vp
2.6Mp/Vp

13-28


(Whittaker, Uang, and Bertero 1987Foutch 1989

Popov et al. 1989)

10%

C13.9-1 (b)

(d)
30mm

(a)

(b)

C13.9-3

13-29


C13.9-4

13.9.2
1.
(1)
(b f 2t w )
9mm
(2)
Ast Fy Ast
2.
(1)1.6 M p / V p
0.08
d
(30t w ) t w d0.02
5
d
( 52t w )
5
0.080.02
(2)2.6 M p / V p 5 M p / V p 1.5

(3)1.6 M p / V p 2.6 M p / V p

(4)5 M p / V p

(5)60

9mm( 0.5b f t w )

13-30


60

(6)
(7) Ast Fy
Ast Fy /4 Ast

1.

2.

1.6Mp/Vp
(Kasai and
Popov 1986b)
2.6Mp/Vp5Mp/Vp
1.5
1.6Mp/Vp2.6Mp/Vp

5Mp/Vp
60

C13.9-5

13-31


13.9.3

Fy b f t f 0.06

6%

13.9.4
1. 13.9.1
1.5

2.
( F y b f t f )0.02

3.

4.13.8.14
1. EBF


(1)(2)
(3)EBF
1.5
1.5 f
1.0( Engelhardt and Popov 1989a)

e 2Mp/Vp = 1.5Vp
= e(1.5Vp)/2
e > 2Mp/Vp = 2(1.5Mp)/e
= 1.5Mp
(Kasai
and Popov 1986) 1.3Mp/Vp

13-32


e 1.3Mp/Vp
= 1.5Vp
= 0.95Mp
= e(1.5Vp)- 0.95Mp

EBF
EBF
EBF





C13.9-6
C13.9-7 C13.9-8

2.
3.EBF



EBF

13.9.5

1.13.9.1
1.5

2.
0.02 Fy b f t f d

1.
13-33


2.
(1)
(2)
(3)

TUBE
C13.9-6

OR
OR

C13.9-7

C13.9-8 H

13-34


13.9.6
(2.2-4)(2.2-5)
1.5

13.10

a.
b.
c.

AISC(1992) (Marino
1966)

13.11
2
A =
2
Ae =
2
Ag =
2
Aw =
Ast =
C c =
D = tf
2
E =2100tf/
E ' =tf
2
Fu =tf/
Fu =
2
F y =tf/

2
F yc =tf/

13-35


F yf =tf/ 2
H =
4
I =
4
J =
K =
L =
L =
L =tf
Lb =

Lp =
M p =tf-cm
M pa =tf-cm
M rp =tf-cm
M u =tf-cm
p D =tf
pL =tf
p E =tf
Puc =tf
put =tf
Py =tf
R =
R =tf
Rn =tf
V =tf
V =tf
V p =tf
V pa =tf
W =
Y =
2
Z =
2
Z b =
2
Z c =
b =
be =
beff =
b f =

13-36


d =
d c =
d z =
e =
2
f a =tf/
2
g =980 /sec
h =

l =
r =
rx ry = x y
t =
t f =
t p =
t w =
t z =
w =
wz =
x =
x o y o =
y =
y p =rad
c =
e =
pd =
p =
r =
=
b =
c =
t =
v =

13-37


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American National Standards Institute (1982), Minimum Design Loads for
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American Welding Bureau (1931), Report of Structural Welding Committee.
American Society of Civil Engineers (1971), Plastic Design in Steel-A Guide
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Austin, W. J. (1961), Strength and Design of Metal Beam-Columns ASCE Journal of
the Structural Division, Vol. 87, No. ST4, April.
American Society of Civil Engineers (1979), Structural Design of Tall Steel Buildings.
American Institute of Steel Construction (1973),Commentary on Highly Restrained
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AISE, (1979), Guide for the Design and Construction of Mill Buildings, ASCE
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AISC (1990), Specifications of Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings,
American Institute of Steel Constructions.
ASCE (1992), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, American
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Joint ASCE-AAHSO Committee on Flexural Members (1968), Design of Hybrid Steel
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Basler, K. (1961), Strength of Plate Girders Under Combined Bending and Shear,
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of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 89, No. ST4.
Bergfelt, A. (1971), Studies and Tests on Slender Plate Girders Without Stiffeners
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Bendigo, R. A., Handsen R. H. and Rumpf J. L. (1963), Long-bolted Joints ASCE

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Journal of the Structural Division, Vol. 89, No. ST6, December.

Birkemoe, P. C. and Gilmor M. I. (1978), Behavior of Bearing Critical
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Brockenbrough, R.L.(1983), Considerations in the Design of Bolted Joints for
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Chopra, A. K. and Newmark, N. M. (1980), Design of Earthquake Resistant
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(1990)
6

(1978)
(1993)
6
(1992)

(1996)
10

R-9


(1992)
9
(1995)
6
(1994)
1
(1996)
CSSE85-05B6
(1992)
CSSE81-019
(1995)
(1996)
(1996)
(2005)
(2003)

(1997)

R-10


4.51 r
3

1.
4.51 r
Qs Qs (A-1-1)(A-1-6)
b FyQs b = 0.90
3 Qs

20 < b < 40
Fy t Fy
b
Qs = 1.340 0.017( ) Fy (A-1-1)
t
b
40
t Fy
1100
Qs = (A-1-2)
Fy (b / t ) 2

30 b 53
< <
Fy / k c t Fy / k c
b
Qs = 1.415 0.0143( ) Fy / k c (A-1-3)
t
b 53
t Fy / k c
1840k c
Qs = (A-1-4)
Fy (b / t ) 2

34 < b < 47
Fy t Fy
b
Qs = 1.91 0.027( ) Fy (A-1-5)
t
b
47
t Fy
1400
Qs = (A-1-6)
Fy (b / t ) 2

A1-1


4
k c = (1)I k c = 0.35 k c 0.763
h tw
(2) k c = 0.763
b = 4.5 1cm
t = cm
t w = cm
h = cm
Fy = tf/cm2
4.51 T A-1.1

A-1.1

T 0.50 1.25
T 0.50 1.10
0.25 3.0

0.50 2.0

2.
4.51 r
(be )
(1)

b 64 be = 87t 1 17 b (A-1-7)
t f f (b / t ) f
be = b
(2)

b 68 be = 87t 1 15 b (A-1-8)
t f f (b / t ) f
be = b

b = 4.5cm
be = cm
t = cm
f = 3 tf/cm2
f
3 c Fcr
Q = Qs c = 0.85 b Fy Qs b = 0.90

A1-2


(3)
D t 232 Fy 914 Fy
77 2
Q = Qa = + (A-1-9)
Fy ( D / t ) 3

D = cm
t = cm
3.

2
Qs 1
Qa

Qa = ()/() (A-1-10)

c Q 1.5 Fcr
[
Fcr = Q exp( 0.419Q2 c ) Fy ] (A-1-11)

Q = QsQa (A-1-12)

(1) Q = Qs (Qa = 1.0)

(2) Q = Qa (Qs = 1.0)
(3) Q = QsQa

c Q > 1.5 Fcr

0.877
Fcr = 2 Fy (A-1-13)
c
4.51 r
r
r (be )

(A-1-1)(A-1-6)

2E n
cr = K 2
( )
12 1 (b t )
2

A1-3


n = Et E Et Poisson's ratio K

K = 0.425 K = 4 .0
cr Fy
Q = cr Fy

K 2E n
Q= 2
Fy ( )
12 1 (b t )
2

CA-1.1CA-1.1
(A-1-1) (A-1-2)
(Chajes
and Winter 1965)-1.1T

(A-1-7) (A-1-8) von Karman et

al.(1932)effective width concept
Winter (1947)

be E C E
= 1.9 1
t
f b/t f

C

(Sherman 1976)

(A-1-9)
D t 232 Fy D t
914 Fy

CA-1.1

A1-4


c Pn

c = 0.85
Pn =
= Ag Fcr (A-2-1)
Ag =
Q = 1.0 4.5 1 r
= Qs Qa 4.5 1 r Qs Qa
1
Fcr
1. e Q 1.5
Fcr = Q[exp( 0.419Q2e )]Fy (A-2-2)

2. e Q > 1.5
0.877
Fcr = 2 Fy (A-2-3)
e
e = Fy Fe (A-2-4)
Fy =

Fe
1.
2 ECw 1
Fe = + GJ (A-2-5)
(K z L ) Ix + I y
2

2.

Fey + Fez 4 Fey Fez H

Fe = 1 1 (A-2-6)
(2 H ) (Fey + Fez )2
3.

(Fe Fex )(Fe Fey )(Fe Fez ) Fe2 (Fe Fey )(xo ro )2 Fe2 (Fe Fex )( yo ro )2 = 0 (A-2-7)

A2-1


K z =
E =
G =
Cw =
J =
I x I y =
xo yo =
Ix + Iy
ro2 = xo2 + yo2 + (A-2-8)
A
xo2 + yo2
H = 1 ( ) (A-2-9)
ro2
2E
Fex = (A-2-10)
( K x L / rx ) 2
2E
Fey = (A-2-11)
( K y L / ry ) 2
2 EC 1
F ez = [ w
2
+ GJ ] (A-2-12)
(K z L) A ro2

A =
L =
K x K y = x y
rx ry = cm
ro = cm

A2-2


(1)(2)(3)

p
MnMp (A-3-1)
p<r

MnCb[Mp-(Mp-Mr)(-p)/(r-p)]Mp (A-3-2)

MnMp-(Mp-Mr)(-p)/(r-p) (A-3-3)
r

MnMcrSFcr Mp (A-3-4)
>rA-3.11

>r7.6

MrFcrA-3.1

Lb/ry
4.5b/t
4.5h/tw
pMn=Mp
r
Fcr
MpMrFcrpr
A-3.1
Re 7.6
(Sx)eff
Sxc
Sxt
hc
tf
tw

A3-1


A-3.1

Mp Fcr
Mr
p r
Fy Z x - C b X1 2
1+
X 12 X 2
80 1. h c /t w 257 Fyf
2 2
Lb
I (e) (LTB) (Fyw - Fr )S x (a,b)
(b) ry Fyf I
(
h c /t w > 257 Fyf
)
- (F - F )S
yw r xc Lb 80
(LTB) (c) M cr = S xc 7.5
Fyf S xt ry Fyf 2. > r
(Fyf - Fr )
(g) 17 a) b/d0.25
(Fyw - Fr )S x
b
(h) t f /t w 3.0
(FLB) t Fyf

A3-2


hc 170 260 b) b/d0.25
(WLB) R e Fyf S x
tw F yf Fyf t f /t w 2.0


I Fy Z y (FLB) Fy S y


Fy Z x

- 4010C b JA Lb 264 JA 4010 JA
Fy Z x Fy S x
(LTB) Sx ry Mp Mr

A3-2


Mp Fcr
Mr p r
- 4010C b JA
Lb 264 JA
(LTB) (Fyf - Fr )S x S x 4010 JA hc 257
ry Mp
Mr tw Fyf
Fy Z x
b 13 63
(FLB) Fy S x (S x ) eff
Fy (d) Fy (F y -F r ) (LTB)) db
Sx t

I
(WLB)
-

(LTB)
42 686 D 146 630 D 915
Fy Z Mn = ( + Fy )S (f) <
(FLB) D/t D/t t Fy Fy t Fy

A3-3

(WLB)
X1
a. r = 1 + 1 + X 2 (Fyw - Fr ) 2 d.
(Fyw - Fyr )
EGJA C w Sx 2 87t 17
b. X 1 = X2 = 4 ( ) be b e = (1 - )
Sx 2 I y GJ f (b/t) f
4010C b
c. M cr = I y J (B1 + (1 + B 2 + B1 2 ) S xt F y e.
Lb
h
B1 = 2.25[2(I yc /I y ) - 1]( ) (I y /J) f.(A-3-3)
Lb
1400 790
B 2 = 25[1 - I yc /I y )(I yc /J)(h/L b ) 2 g. Fcr = 2
Fcr =
2
37 37
M cr h. r = r =
Fyw - 0.7 Fyw - 1.16

X1 X2 F yw =t/cm2

A3-3


A3-1


11.3 C p + 0. 9 Cs 0. 25

b F y f o
Up = (A-4-1)
fo p

b F y f o
US = (A-4-2)
fo S
fo
b = (=0.9)
A-4.1CsCp U p
U p
Cp Cs 11.3

Us A-4.2
Us C p Cp

0.4
A-4.1
A-4.2Cs

A4-1


A-4.1

A-4.2

A4-2


5.1

5.2

A-5.1

A-5.2

5.3
A-5.3

5.4

A-5.4

A-5.1

1 20,000a 100,000b

2 100,000 500,000c

3 500,000 2,000,000d

4 2,000,000
a. 225
b. 1025
c. 5025
d.20025

A5-1


A-5.2

a
( A-5.3) ( A-5.1)b

T Rev
ANSI A 1,2
1000()



T Rev B 3,4,5,6






T Rev B 3,4,5,6




T Rev C 7





20mm T Rev E 5
20mm T Rev E 5

E 5

A5-2


A-5.2 ()


a ( A-
( A-5.1)b
5.3)




T Rev B 10,11

125


T Rev B 12,13


125
T Rev C 10,11,12,13




T Rev Fc 16

A5-3


A-5.2 ()

a
( A-5.3) ( A-5.1)b

T Rev E





b25mm T Rev E 17,18
b25mm T Rev E 17,18


b12mm T Rev C 20,21
b12mm T Rev C

S Fc 15,17,18,20,21

T Rev E 27

S F 27


(
T Rev B 8

)

T Rev D 8,9


T Rev B 8,9

A5-4


A-5.2 ()

a
( A-5.3) ( A-5.1)b


()
(R)




R600mm T Rev B 14
600mmR150mm T Rev C 14
150mmR50m T Rev D 14
50mmR T Rev E 14



R600mm T Rev B 14
600mmR150mm T Rev C 14
150mmR50m T Rev D 14
50mmR T Rev E 14,15



R600mm T Rev C 14
600mmR150mm T Rev C 14
150mmR50m T Rev D 14
50mmR T Rev E 14,15

A5-5


A-5.2 ()

a
( A-5.3) ( A-5.1)b

()

T Rev D 14
R50mm
T Rev E 14,15
50mmR


T Rev E 14,15
R

T Rev C 19
R150mm
T Rev D 19
150mmR50mm
T Rev E 19
50mmR


50mma12b 100mm
a12b 100mm b T Rev D 15
25mm T Rev E 15
b12b 100mm b T Rev E 15
25mm



a50mm
50mma12b 100mm T Rev C 15,23,24,25,26
a12b 100mm b T Rev D 15,23,24,26
25mm T Rev E 15,23,24,26
b12b 100mm b T Rev E 15,23,24,26
25mm

A5-6


A-5.2 ()

a
( A-5.3) ( A-5.1)b

()


R50mm T Rev D 19
R50mm T Rev E 19





R50mm T Rev D 19
R50mm T Rev E 19

T Rev C 22


S F

a. T Rev
S ()
b.
c.
Frank and Fisher, Journal of the Structural
Division, Vol.105 NO.ST9,Sept.1979

A5-7


A-5.3 t/cm2

1 2 3 4
A-5.2
A 4.43 2.60 1.69 1.69
B 3.45 2.04 1.27 1.13
B 2.75 1.62 1.06 0.84
a
C 2.46 1.48 0.92 0.70
D 1.97 1.13 0.70 0.49
E 1.55 0.92 0.56 0.32
E 1.13 0.65 0.41 0.18
F 1.06 0.84 0.63 0.56

a.0.84t/cm2

A-5.4 A325A490

20,000 10.3

20,000500,000 0.30AbFua

500,000 0.25 AbFua

a.

A5-8


A-5.1

A5-9


A-5.1

A5-10


Alignment chart for column

Amplification factor
Aspect ratio
Batten plate
Beam
Beam-column
Bent
Biaxial bending
Braced frame
Brittle fracture
Buckling load
Built-up member
Cladding
Cold-formed members
Column
Column curve
Combined mechanism
Compact section
Composite beam
Composite column
Concrete-encased beam
Connection
Critical load
Curvature
Design documents
Design strength
Diagonal bracing
Diaphragm
Diaphragm action
Double curvature
Drift
Drift index
Ductility factor
Effective length
k Effective length factor k
Effective moment of inertia
Effective stiffness
Effective width
Elastic analysis
- Elastic-perfectly plastic
Embedment
A6-1


Encased steel structure

Euler formula
Euler load
Eyebar
Factored load
Fastener
Fatigue
First-order analysis
Flame-cut plate
Flat width
Flexible connection
Floor system
Force
Fracture toughness
Frame bukling
Frame instability
Fully composite beam
High-cycle fatigue
Hybrid-beam
Hysteresis loop
Inclusions
Incomplete fusion
Inelastic action
Instability
Joint
K K-bracing
Lamellar tearing
Lateral bracing member
(-) Lateral (or lateral-torsional) buckling
Limit state
Load factor
Loads
LRFD
Load and Resistance Factor Design
Local bukling
Low-cycle fatigue
Lower bound load
Mechanism
Mechanism method
Nominal loads
Nominal strength
Noncompact section
P- P-delta effect
Panel-zone

A6-2


Partially composite beam

Plane frame
Plastic analysis
Plastic design section
Plastic hinge
Plastic-limit load
Plastic mechanism
Plastic modulus
Plastic moment
Plastic strain
Plastic zone
Plastification
Plate girder
Post-buckling strength
Redistribution of moment
Required strength
Residual stress
Resistance
Resistance factor
Rigid frame
Root of the flange
Rotation capacity
St. Venant torsion
Second-order analysis
Service load
Serviceability limit state
Shape factor
Shear-friction
Shear lugs
Shear wall
Sidesway
Sidesway buckling
Simple plastic theory
Single curvature
Slender section
Slenderness ratio
Slip-critical joint
Space frame
Splice
Stability-limit load
Stepped column
Stiffener
Stiffness
Story drift

A6-3


Strain hardening
Strength design
Strenth limit state
Stress
Stress concentration
Strong axis
Structural design documents
Structural system
Stub column
Subassemblage
Supported frame
Tanget modulus
Temporary structure
Tensile strength
Tensile field action
Toe of the fillet
- Torque-tension relationship
Turn-of-nut method
Unbraced length
Undercut
Universal-mill plate
Upper bound load
Vertical bracing system
Von Mises Von Mises yield criterion
Warping torsion
Weak axis
Weathering steel
Web buckling
Web crippling
Weld
Working load
Yield moment
Yield plateau
Yield point
Yield strength
Yield stress

A6-4