ECC3001

CHAPTER 1
Functions

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 STUDENT GROUP
1 2 3
JAWAHER MOOSA ABDULRAHMAN AL BALUSHIADHRAA ABDUL RAHMAN ADULLAH AL BALUSHI NUR SYAZWANI BINTI MUSTAFAR
THAMIL CHELVI A/P S RAJENDRAN MAALINI A/P SELVARAJU MUGILAN A/L MADAVEN
YUGANESWARAN A/L ARUMUGAM MUHAMMAD AFZAL BIN SHUHIL AHMAD MOHAMAD ASWARI BIN BASRI
4 5 6
YUSAIRINA BINTI MOHD YUSOF SYAZWANI BINTI SAROHE LEE HAO JUN
DASHINE NAIR A/P VASU LIM ZI YING SIVAPARATHI RAMASAMY
MUHAMAD ASRI BIN MOHD ARIF MOHD AZMAN BIN SUWANDI NOR SHAHIRA BINTI MALIKI
7 8 9
HEMAPRIYA A/P GENESAN CHONG JIAN BIN THANASHANTHINI A/P SEKAR
PATRICK PETRUS J SIPAYANG MUHAMMAD SHAHRUL AZIM BIN SHAMSUDIN NG RONG JANG
CHONG HUI SHAN ETR ALNADA SALAM RASHID ISSA AL QARNI NUR NADIHA BINTI KAMARUDIN
NORSYAZWIN FAIZA BINTI MOHAMAD
10 11 12
DOREEN LEONG TSEN-HWEI IFFAH AMIRAH BINTI HUSSIN ALI YARGDESH A/L NELAKANDAN
SHEIKH MUHAMMAD AKMAL BIN SH MOHAMADMUHAMMAD
NOR AMIN BIN SABRI LEOW YEW SENG
AZEELIA SONIA BAYANG SANGGITHAPRIYA A/P MAHANDRAN NURUL DALILA BINTI MOHD RAMLI
NUR HANINAH BINTI HARUN
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KALISSWARI A/P APPARAO
MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN MUHAMAD HATTA
NUR IZZAH NABILAH BINTI HARIS

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 Learning Outcomes

To identify various types of functions and

their graphs
Linear, Logarithmic, Hyperbolic, Exponential,
Circular, Inverse etc.
To analyse functions and their limits
To interpolate functions

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 1. FUNCTIONS

Domain Range

f
x y =f(x)

A function is an operation performed on an input (x) to

produce an output (y = f(x) )

The Domain of f is the set of all allowable inputs (x

values)
The Range of f is the set of all outputs (y values)
X values are independent
Y values are dependent 4
 DEFINITIONS
DOMAIN the set of numbers that provide the input
for the rule
Image the output from the rule of an element in the
domain
Range the set of numbers consisting of the images
of the domain
Function a rule that links each number of the
domain to exactly one member of the range

NOTATION

Functions can be expressed in 2 forms

f: x --- 2x + 1
f(x) = 2x + 1
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 ARROW DIAGRAM

A B
many to one one to one
(a function) (a function which has an inverse)

C
one to many
(not a function) 6
To be well defined a function must

Have a value for each x in the domain

Have only one value for each x in the domain

This is not a function as

some x values
correspond to two y
values.

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Finding the Range of a function

Draw a graph of the function for its given Domain

The Range is the set of values on the y-axis for which a
horizontal line drawn through that point would cut the
graph.

The Function is f(x) = (x-2)2 +3 ,

y = (x-2)2 +3 x

The Range is
Dom
y = (x-2)2 +3
2 f(x) 3
ain
Range
3

Link to Inverse Functions

Domain
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 2. COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
When one function is followed by another, the resultant effect can be expresses as a
single function. When functions are combined like this, the resultant function is
known as a composite function
Example:
Find h(x) = g(f(x)) if,
f(x) = 2x
g(x) = x+4
This composite function is f followed by g (the order is important)

g(f(x)) = g(2x)
So,
g(x) = x+4
g(2x) = 2x + 4

h(x) = 2x+4

f g

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 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
Note: gf(x) does not mean g(x)
times f(x).
Finding g(f(x))
f f(x) g
x g(f(x))
= gf(x)
Note : When finding
gf(x) means g of f of x i.e g(f(x)).
f(g(x))
First we apply the f function. Replace all the xs in the
Then the output of the f function becomes the rule for the f funcion
input for the g function. with the expression for
Notice that gf means f first and then g. g(x) in a bracket.
e.g If f(x) = x2 2x
Example if f(x) = x + 3, x and g(x) = x2 , x then then f(x-2) = (x-2)2
gf(x) = g(f(x)) = g(x + 3) = (x+3)2 , x 2(x-2)
fg(x) = f(g(x)) = f(x2) = x2 +3, x
g2(x) means g(g(x)) = g(x2) = (x2)2 = x4 , x
f2(x) means f(f(x)) = f(x+3) = (x+3) + 3 = x + 6 , x
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Notice that fg and gf are not the same.

The Domain of gf is the same as the Domain of f since f

is the first function to be applied.
The Domain of fg is the same as the Domain of g.

For gf to be properly defined the Range (output set) of f

must fit inside the Domain (input set) of g.
For example if g(x) = x , x 0 and f(x) = x 2, x
Then gf would not be well defined as the output of f could
be a negative number and this is not allowed as an input
for g.
However fg is well defined, fg(x) = x 2, x 0.

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