Introduction:

Effective cleaning and sanitizing helps and protect the health of the human beings directly and
indirectly. Also, cleaning and sanitizing prevents the pest infestations by reducing residues that
can attract and support bees, pests etc. It also improves the shelf life of the floor, walls etc due to
regular cleaning and maintenance. In recent years, most of the people prefer to use trains or
buses for commuting and hence these places are littered with biscuits covers, cold drink bottles
etc. Hence, it is necessary to clean the bus stands and railways stations at regular interval. There
is no one single cleaning method that is suitable for all locations and occasions and effective
cleaning depends upon type of cleaning device, cleaning technique and also the equipment
should be user friendly. Cleaning work can be physically demanding and a need has been
identified to developed methods for systematic ergonomics evaluation of new products. In recent
years, floor cleaning robots are getting more popular for busy and aging populations due to lack
of workers. However in India, unemployment is more and hence there is a need to develop less
labour oriented cleaning machine. Hence, the present work is aimed to design, development and
evaluation of a manually operated floor cleaning machine.

The present state of the street cleaning process is described below. There are two ways for street
cleaning 1) Manual process 2) Machinated process. In manual process, the street cleaning is done
with the help of and shovel to clean off the debris, waste etc hand to clean the street by spreading
the dust all over in the air. While in the Machinated process, a vehicle containing broom at
bottom continuously rotating, clean the street as well as sucks the dust spread by the rotating
broom. If one carefully observes the first process, then he could find the following limitations
which are given below: 1. This process renders fatigue to the hand and even it cause damage to
the shoulder. 2. As it is a continuous process, it produces 3. It is time consuming, and laborious
process so, no one wants to do it. On the other side, in the second process following limitations
have been found out, which are discussed below: 1. The requirement of petrol is prerequisite for
this process and continuously. 2. The cost of machine is quite high cost and the rural people
could not afford it to buy.

Thus this project deals with the development of manually operated street sweeping machine.
Literature Review:

Liu et al [1] carried out a technical analysis of residential floor cleaning robots based on US
granted patents. They observed that the macroscopic analysis of patents and patent bibliometrics
or patent maps, is useful tools to make an overview for designated technical topics and they
observed that the Samsung is the top one patentee in cleaning robot after macroscopic of view.

Imaekhai Lawrence et al [2] evaluation has shown how the use of multiple assessment
techniques can provide a comprehensive appraisal of the design, usability and musculoskeletal
loading upon the operator. They suggested that the trials with a larger number of subjects would
certainly strengthen the conclusions.

Abhishek Chakra borty et al [3] reported that the most significant cause of road dust to the total
suspended particulate burden is vehicle traveling on paved and unpaved' surfaces. Consequently
data directly relating dust to road accidents are rare, but in a study if dust is the cause of 10% of
these accidents casualties then the cost could amount to as much as 0.02% of GDP in some
developing countries and total about $800 million annually

Ranjit Kumar and N Kapilan[10] showed that the conventional floor cleaning machines is most
widely used in airport platforms, railway platforms, hospitals, bus stands, and malls and in many
other commercial places. These devices need an electrical energy for its operation and not user
friendly. In India, especially in summer, there is power crisis and most of the floor cleaning
machine is not used effectively due to this problem, particularly in bus stands. In this work,
modeling and analysis of the floor cleaning machine was done using suitable commercially
available software. From the finite element analysis, we observe that the stress level in the
manually operated floor cleaning machine is within the safe limit.

Sandeep J. Meshram & Dr G.D.Mehta[11] worked on design and fabrication of Tricycle operated
street cleaning machine with the related search. At present we have few automated machines
which are foreign made and can be used in our country. This basically instigates to thing for an
alternative mechanism called Street cleaning process.
Working Principle:

The figure shows the 2d Illustration of working principle of the machine. The machine consists
of a large brush mounted on a fabricated platform as shown in the figure. The machine consists
of frame which can be moved just by pushing it. The machine is fabricated in such a way that the
when pushing the machine the energy generated by the rotation of the wheels of the machine
itself is used to do the cleaning operation

When the operator pushes the machine the machine starts moving forward. The machine is so
fabricated that the wheels of the machine are connected to the drive train of the machine using
chain drive. When the operations push the machine the wheels rotate which in turn rotate the
brush thereby sweeping the dust on the street. The swept dust is further collected in the collecting
bin which can be emptied.

c
Calculations:

Weight of the machine including all the components : 15 kgs

Torque and Power Calculations:

No. of teeth on the wheel sprocket Z1= 44 teeth

No. of teeth on the brush sprocket, Z2= 14 teeth

Gear ratio Z1/Z2= 3.14

Assuming 20 wheel rotations in 1 minute, Wheel RPM N2= 20 rotations

Linear velocity at an RPM of 20 = (pi*wheel diameter*N2)/60

=(3.142*.6604*20)/60=.69 m/s =2.465kmph

Therefore tha machine travels at 2.46kmph

Assumed acceleration : 0.3 m/s2

Force required to move the machine of 15 kgs

F = m*a = 15*0.3= 4.5N

Wheel torque required = Force* radius ofwheel=4.5*.6604 =2.97185Nm

To find brush torque,

n1T1 = n2T2

n1= speed of the wheel

n2 = speed of the brush

t1= torque on wheel

t2 = torque on brush

from the obtained gear ratio

n2= 20*3.14

=62.8 rpm

20*2.971 = 62.8*t2

T2=0.946 N-m
References:

[1] Liu, Kuotsan, Wang Chulun, A Technical Analysis of Autonomous Floor Cleaning Robots
Based on US Granted Patents, European International Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 2
No. 7 September 2013, 199-216.

[2] Imaekhai Lawrence, Evaluating Single Disc Floor Cleaners: An Engineering Evaluation,
Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, Vol 3, No 4, 2012, 41-44.

[3] Abhishek Chakraborty, Ashutosh Bansal, Design of Dust Collector for Rear Wheel of Four-
Wheeler, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3,
Issue 7, July 2013, 199-216

[4] Jens-Steffen Gutmann, Kristen Culp, Mario E. Munich and Paolo Pirjanian. The Social
Impact of a Systematic Floor Cleaner. In IEEE international workshop on advance robotics an its
social impacts , Technische University munchen, Germany May 21-23,2012

[5] E. Carrera, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, Volume 95, March 2014, Pages 111

[6] William D. Callister, Materials Science and Engineering, 7th edition, 2006, Pages 134- 174K.
Elissa, Title of paper if known, unpublished.

[7] Peter R.N. Childs, Mechanical Design Engineering Handbook, 2014, Pages 121137

[8] Michael R. Lindeburg, Mechanical Engineering Manual for sprocket and pinion, 2013, Page
6-60

[9] H.H. West, Analysis of Structures, John Wiley & Sons, 1984

[10] M. Ranjit Kumar and N. Kapilan, Design and Analysis of manually operated floor cleaning
machine, IJERT ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 4 Issue 04, April-2015.

[11] Sandeep J. Meshram and Dr. G.D.Mehta Design And Development Of Tricycle Operated
Street Cleaning Machine, ISSN 0975 668X| Nov 15 To Oct 16 | Volume-04, Issue-01