f APPENDIX B Casing Design Problems Example B.1 Using the following known data, design a casing \ String according to the procedures established in Chapter 5. { Casing string type: Intermediate Casing size: 9% in. Setting depth: 10,000 ft Surface equipment rating: 5,000 psi Fracture gradient at shoe: 17.4 ppg Maiimum mud weight below casing: 17.0 ppg Mui weight set in: 12.0 ppg Mirimum drift acceptable: 8.5 in. Linit on number of sections: 4 Sottion 1. Injection pressure = (Frac, grad. + safety factor) (setting depth) (0.052) = (17.4 + 1.0) (10,000 ft) (0.052) = 9,568 psi 2. From Equation 5.10 xt+ty=D x=D-y x = 10,000 — y 1 615616 Wall Contol Problems and Solutions 5 venoemy coe \ Bere eee NK Sat Ee oor nesuront ™\| iS Ge eae eee otis - ~T He i gatifioeet: t sears) \y e220") Bom | | | } | | | x eit T > / etme | \ t re Ee (4850 PS). "(5408 PSI 19868 PSI) om mm mom wD sow nota) ODD PRESSURE (25) ——ee Fig. B-1 Burst design line 3. From Equation 5.11 P, + xG,, + yGg = Injection pressure 5,000 + 0,884(x) + 0.115(y) = 9,568 .884(10,000 — y) + 0.115(y) = 9,568 — 5,000 Solving: y = 5,555 ft (gas length) x = 4,445 ft (mud length) 4. Plotting these values as described in Chapter 5 yields Figure B.1. 5. From a casing catalog, a selection of weight and grades was made that would satisfy the design line (Fig. B.2). 6. The collapse design is presented In Fig. B.3. The backup line was calculated using the following procedure:Appendix B 67 pare eee E295 GRADE \wuRer “Boo e9 3000 —+ | mat | 0 veel E casert & 500.95 GRADE : i weiner Teo Pp § sooo} —— | cee 8 | ' t ‘$95 GRADE isonet toro Fop 000 / Es 7 Wee ates eo Teed twas oan PRESSURE (5) —m Fig, B-2 Weight and grade selection a) Pressure from a column of saltwater = 0.465 psi/ft x 10,000 ft = 4,650 psi b) Length of 17.0 ppg mud column which equals this pressure: 4,650 psi = (x) (0.884 psi/ft) x = 5,260 ft 7. The tension design is shown in Fig. B.4. 8. Biaxial calculations for burst are as follows: a) Section 1, H Bottom: Stress = Load/area = 71,473 Ib/11.454 sq in. = 6,240 psies Wot Contra! Problems and Solutions T aN | ae 10 087 etecne \couaese 89 Pa) oe resuta —} | a | vxsey ne | mpd § | i ose z J | 30088 Guoe : casa ay eoluarae S30 P69 a 000} —— - 7 { | soon LOAD UNE {COLLAPSE - 3529 PSN som 7 ao [BacKur One \~ a 7 1749 osu | | (6200 F51 ies aco 00 000 Bada ae resoune ren) —— Fig. B-3 Collapse design line Percent of average yield strength = Stress/average y.s. = 6,240/105,000 = 5.9% From the ellipse (Fig. B.5): % Decrease = 97% Actual burst = (6,610 psi) (0.97) = 6,412 psi, Top: 54,000 Ib/11.454 sq in. = 4,714 psi Percent of average yield strength = 4,714 psi/105,000 psi = 45% From the ellipse: % decrease = 102% Actual burst = (6,610 psi) (1.02) = 6,742 psi b) Section 2 (Calculation procedures are the same as 8(a) ) Bottom % Increase = 101.5% Actual burst = 7,623 psi Top % Increase = 108% Actual burst = 8,111 psiae ee Appendix B He 619 wl Spey LI =o ial i / ae ‘ regs tl) 1 rie foc : 1 i i he ‘i i mt aca ees eae ma Fig. B-4 Tension design c) Section 3 Bottom ‘% Increase = 108.5% Top z j i i i z 8 3 aT, B @ a STRESS OF ELD a iH Actual burst = 7,171 psi % Increase = 111% Actual burst = 7,337 psi AXIAL STRESS — PERCENT OF WELD STRESS ‘eu eteapee Soon oS Fig. B-5 Holmquist and Nadai ellipseWoll Control Problems and Solutions 620 ° —- — t 1 10% t aoe | I | 1 1 Jacros strenons is | iN Toes consco | oe I, ores | i i a ‘ne male t—Tt Ef | = | \ V E cco} SEH a t \ i a i 1 ronal — ;| 1 | 1 1 1 i oon | | ' I eo 1000 "2000 3000 3000 8000 70006000 ea 0000 messuee Pa) —= Fig. B-6 Casing burst strengths under the given loading conditions These values are then plotted on Fig. B.6. 9. 140. Biaxial calculations are made for collapse similar to the burst calculation. The results are presented in Fig. B.7. 11. The final design is as follows: Interval, Length, Weight, Cou- Section ft ft Ib/ft Grade pling 1 6,460-10,000 3,540 40.0 $-95 ST&C 2 3,540-6,460 2,920 43.5 $00-95 LT&C 3 0-3,540 3,540 40.0 $-95 ST&C Example B.2 Use the following data to design the required casing string.gem een 5 8 5 i j 000" { L__-4. 10200 Cr a a PRESSURE (Ps) ———> Fig. B-7 Casing collapse strengths under loaded conditions Casing string type: Surface Casing size: 13% in. Setting depth: 3,500 ft Fracture gradient at shoe: 14.6 ppg Mud veight set in: 9.2 ppg Minimum drift acceptable: 12.25 in. Limit on number of sections: 2 Solution 1. Injection pressure = (F.G. + S.F.) (S.D.) (0.052) = (14.6 + 1.0) (3,500) (0.052) = 2,839 psi 2. Surface Pressure = 839 psi — (0.115 psi/ft) (3,500 ft) = 2,437 psi 0100 jection pressure — gas hydrostatic pressure622 Well Control Problems and Soluions 1 i |=] ceunsr 2730 psy | | 1000 | PusuisteD euast svaeNeris | & | fm — K-55 OF - Lon0 une Hcoerr | {BURST -3450 Psy (WEAVER PPE le [Eee DITATEO BY DESON LUNE 1 ‘COLLAPSE | REQUIREMENTS) Poof. vp es ty tit dt tt 4000 coo 2000 2000 3000) PRESSURE (?S!1—$me Fig. B-8 Surface casing burst design 3. Plot the burst and collapse designs as shown in Fig. B.8 and B.9. 4. Plot the tension design shown in Figure B.10. 5. Calculate the effect of biaxial loading on the tentative design and prepare the final design shown in Fig. B.11. The collapse design is shown since it is the controlling criteria. 6. The final design is as follows: Interval, Length, Weight, Cou- Section ft ft Ib/ft Grade _ pling 1 2,000-3,500 1,500 68 K-55 ST&C 2 » 0-2,000 2,000 54.5 K-55 ST&C Example B.3 Design the following casing strings assuming that they are to be run in conjunction with each other.Apoendix B 623 ° 1000. ipo ee Grae he AT DESIGN ¢ LINE — Se 8 8 —<—DEPTH (FEET) LOAO LINE—— K-85 GRADE, + 68 #/FT 3000 4000 1000 2000 3000 PRESSURE (PS!) ——re Fig. B-9 Surface casing collapse design Casing string type: Intermediate Casing size: 7 in. Setting depth: 8,600 ft Surface equipment rating: 3,000 psi Fracture gradient at shoe: 16.5 ppg Maximum mud weight below casing: 16.1 ppg624 ees geen aN ny ‘Wel Control Problems and Solutions TeXsiON LOMO Us use Sta [| —oesew ine 5 sas er Brac STRENGTH NGI - 953.000 vas, 47 000 LES 35, eo et TUSE SIREN MA 3,000, Stac StRENSTa a a a a) ro rensew Loan (00 1a) reais? - Mud weight set in: Minimum drift acceptable: Limit on number of sections: Casing string type: Casing size: Setting depth: Length of overlap: Surface equipment rating: Fracture gradient at shoe: Maximum mud weight below casing: Mud weight set in: Minimum drift acceptable: Limit on number of sections: Special considerations: Fig. B-10 Surface casing tension design 11.0 ppg 6.0 in. 3 Drilling liner Sin. 10,500 ft 300 ft 3,000 psi 17.4 ppg 17.0 ppg 16.1 ppg 4.0 in. 1 Couplings must be streamlinedAppendix B 625 W655 GRADE, Sas FT fete ACTUAL, SURST STHENGTHS. / 8 ——oreru eeen 1 \ \ {> wee ance tevin \ 1 \ y \ 0 1008 200 = 08 PRESSURE (Ps) —— Fig. B-11 Final surface casing design. Note that collapse was the controlling criterion on this string Solution 1. Injection pressure = (17.4 + 1.0) (10,500 ft) (0.052) = 10,046 psi 2 x+y=D x = 10,500 ft — y 3. Ps + xGp + yGg = Injection pressure 3,000 psi + x(0.884 psi/ft) + y(0.115 psi/ft) = 10,046 psi Solving: x 592 ft (mud) y = 2,908 ft (gas) 4. Plot the burst and collapse designs as shown in Figs. B.12 and B.13. Note the discontinuity in the collapse design lines. 5. Using the tentative design from Fig. B.12 the tension design line is constructed and the biaxial calculations made. The final design is as follows:626 Well Conto! Problems ard Solitons NAAN | nebuctanr+t \ BRST DESI INE \ zone Neoonaoe | 8 3 perm reer) ‘BacKUP 2oriet Sas GRAOE Liven 70°] 4 INTERMEDIATE CASRG BOTTOM 7, a ne aaa Ty 000 Saas 088 00 oT aa PRESSURE (Ps, = Fig. B-12 Burst design for intermediate casing with drilling liner and the liner Interval, Length, Weight, Cou- Section tt ft Ib/ft Grade pling (Intermediate casing) 1 7,200-8,600 1,400 23 $-95, ST&C 2 3,200-7,200 4,000 23 N-80 ST&C 3 0-3,200 3,200 23 K-55, LT&C (Liner) 4 8,300-10,500 2,200 15 N-80 XLAppendix B er 1100 + - Ks. HA menor apn Ie | cco} tose | | § LOAD: Une“ i E sco —))—_ & T T a “BACKUP T — eee re oxo Seni Nii ‘ Ten el Hh i Pe ae] an oem te | reso nen porto errs PRESSURE (PS ———= Fig. B-13 Collapse design for intermediate casing with a drilling liner, and the liner Example B.4 Design a production casing string using the follow- ing data. Casing string type: Production Casing size: Sin. Setting depth: 13,000 ft Producing zone pressure: 11,600 psi Type of production expected: Dry gas Mud weight set in: 17.4 ppg Packer fluid weight: 17.4 ppg628 vert (ree Well Contol Problems and Solutions 5 {LORD UNE, RESULTANT 000 80H, 600-95 arave (uRST v2040 FS) g 1000} — ~ PRESSURE (PSI x son) Fig. B-14 Production casing burst design Solution Using the procedures established in Chapter 5, the burst and collapse design lines are constructed as shown in Figs. B.14 and 1. 2. B.15. After the tension line is constructed, the biaxial calculations are made and the string upgraded if necessary.180 FFT 500.98 GRADE {GOULAPSE 12010 FS). 1000 —— certs een PREBOUne (Yee) Fig. B-15 Production casing collapse design 3. 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